Does age matter? Effects of cognitive rehabilitation across the age span
Abstract
Background Cognitive remediation (CR) therapy in its various disguises can be helpful for people with schizophrenia but it is not clear if patient characteristics are likely to interfere with its effectiveness.Methodology This paper describes the assessment of one putative moderating variable, age, on the outcome of CRT in a rigorous randomised control trial with memory, cognitive flexibility and planning as primary outcomes and social behaviour, symptoms and self-esteem as secondary outcomes. Calendar age was divided into younger (< 40; N55) and older (40 or more years; N30). There were no differences between the groups at baseline in their cognitive, social or demographic data except on predicted variables.Results Younger people benefited more from cognitive remediation in two of the three cognitive domains tested. In the memory domain both groups benefited. Only negative symptoms showed a moderating effect of age on CRT, where again the younger group showed improvements in the context of CRT but the older group did not. When older people did show a cognitive advantage in memory following therapy this cognitive improvement benefited social behaviour.Conclusion CRT needs some modification to increase the benefits to older participants. However, any cognitive improvements do still seem to have a beneficial effect.
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In some studies of behavioral interventions, younger people with schizophrenia and those early in the course of illness appeared to benefit more from cognitive remediation than older people.
“In some studies of behavioral interventions not reviewed comprehensively in this report, younger people with schizophrenia and those early in the course of illness appeared to benefit more from cognitive remediation than older people.63–65”
From Clinical trials of potential cognitive-enhancing drugs in schizophrenia: what have we learned so far? (2013) · cites this paper as [63]
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- Authors
- Wykes, T., Reeder, C., Landau, S., Matthiasson, P., Haworth, E., & Hutchinson, C.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Wykes, Til
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 252-258
- ISSN
- 0920-9964 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2123345515
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 4.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Hirsla (Landspítali University Hospital) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Economic and Social Research Council (PTA-026-27-0520)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- cognitive remediation, cognitive rehabilitation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aging, Analysis of Variance, Cognition Disorders, Female, Hierarchy, Social, Humans, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Problem Solving, Psychomotor Performance, Schizophrenia, Self Concept, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Single-Blind Method, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult
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