Impaired insight into illness and cognitive insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Resting state functional connectivity

Gerretsen, Philip; Menon, Mahesh; Mamo, David C.; Fervaha, Gagan; Remington, Gary; Pollock, Bruce G.; Graff-Guerrero, Ariel

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.015

Cited by 73Functional Brain Connectivity StudiesSchizophrenia research and treatmentMental Health and Psychiatry

Impaired insight into illness and cognitive insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Resting state functional connectivity

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Gerretsen, Philip, Menon, Mahesh, Mamo, David C., Fervaha, Gagan, Remington, Gary, Pollock, Bruce G., Graff-Guerrero, Ariel·2014·Schizophrenia Research

DOI 10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.015PMC PMC4429527

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Abstract

Background Impaired insight into illness (clinical insight) in schizophrenia has negative effects on treatment adherence and clinical outcomes. Schizophrenia is described as a disorder of disrupted brain connectivity. In line with this concept, resting state networks (RSNs) appear differentially affected in persons with schizophrenia. Therefore, impaired clinical, or the related construct of cognitive insight (which posits that impaired clinical insight is a function of metacognitive deficits), may reflect alterations in RSN functional connectivity (fc). Based on our previous research, which showed that impaired insight into illness was associated with increased left hemisphere volume relative to right, we hypothesized that impaired clinical insight would be associated with increased connectivity in the DMN with specific left hemisphere brain regions.Methods Resting state MRI scans were acquired for participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (n=20). Seed-to-voxel and ROI-to-ROI fc analyses were performed using the CONN-fMRI fc toolbox v13 for established RSNs. Clinical and cognitive insight were measured with the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight-Expanded Version and Beck Cognitive Insight Scale, respectively, and included as the regressors in fc analyses.Results As hypothesized, impaired clinical insight was associated with increased connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) with the left angular gyrus, and also in the self-referential network (SRN) with the left insula. Cognitive insight was associated with increased connectivity in the dorsal attention network (DAN) with the right inferior frontal cortex (IFC) and left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).Conclusion Increased connectivity in DMN and SRN with the left angular gyrus and insula, respectively, may represent neural correlates of impaired clinical insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and is consistent with the literature attributing impaired insight to left hemisphere dominance. Increased connectivity in the DAN with the IFC and ACC in relation to cognitive insight may facilitate enhanced mental flexibility in this sample.

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Imaging studies suggest insight is related to cortical regions and circuits that may support metacognition, including self-consciousness and self-referential processing.
“These findings are consistent with imaging studies which suggest that insight is related to cortical regions and circuits that may support processes necessary for metacognition, including self-consciousness and self-referential processing 102 .”
From Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments (2018) · cites this paper as [102]
Poor insight may arise from abnormalities in brain function, as indicated by neuroimaging studies implicating various areas and networks.
“Consistent with this, studies employing both structural 99 and functional 100-105 neuroimaging have implicated a number of areas and networks in the development and maintenance of insight.”
From Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments (2018) · cites this paper as [102]

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Frontotemporoparietal asymmetry and lack of illness awareness in schizophrenia
Gerretsen, P., Chakravarty, M. M., Mamo, D. C., Menon, M., Pollock, B. G., Rajji, T. K., & Graff‐Guerrero, A. (2012) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21490 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
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The structural neuroanatomy of metacognitive insight in schizophrenia and its psychopathological and neuropsychological correlates
Spalletta, G., Piras, F., Piras, F., Caltagirone, C., & Orfei, M. D. (2014) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22507 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Evaluation of the association between insight and symptoms in a large sample of patients with schizophrenia
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Can vestibular caloric stimulation be used to treat Dejerine–Roussy Syndrome?
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Beneficial effects of caloric vestibular stimulation on denial of illness and manic delusions in schizoaffective disorder: A case report
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Association of poor insight in schizophrenia with structure and function of cortical midline structures and frontopolar cortex
Raij, T. T., Riekki, T. J. J., & Hari, R. (2012) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.05.011 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Examination of Clinical and Cognitive Insight in Acute Schizophrenia Patients
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Recent trends in rehabilitation interventions for visual neglect and anosognosia for hemiplegia following right hemisphere stroke
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Diffusion tensor imaging tractography of the fornix and belief confidence in first-episode psychosis
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The Dynamics of Insight in the Prodrome of Schizophrenia
Bota, R. G., Munro, J. S., Ricci, W. F., & Bota, D. A. (2006) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900014486 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

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A Review of the Functional and Anatomical Default Mode Network in Schizophrenia
Hu, M.-L., Zong, X.-F., Mann, J. J., Zheng, J.-J., Liao, Y.-H., Li, Z.-C., He, Y., Chen, X.-G., & Tang, J.-S. (2017) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-016-0090-1 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments
Lysaker, P. H., Pattison, M. L., Leonhardt, B. L., Phelps, S., & Vohs, J. L. (2018) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20508 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Insight and medication adherence in schizophrenia: An analysis of the CATIE trial
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Neuroscience-informed psychoeducation for addiction medicine: A neurocognitive perspective
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Abnormalities in large scale functional networks in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia and effects of risperidone
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Cognitive insight: a systematic review.
Van Camp, L. S. C., Sabbe, B. G. C., & Oldenburg, J. F. E. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.04.011 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Polygenic risk for five psychiatric disorders and cross-disorder and disorder-specific neural connectivity in two independent populations
Wang, T., Zhang, X., Li, A., Zhu, M., Liu, S., Qin, W., Li, J., Yu, C., Jiang, T., & Liu, B. (2017) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.02.011 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
The Effects of Add-on Fronto-Temporal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Auditory Verbal Hallucinations, Other Psychopathological Symptoms, and Insight in Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Trial
Chang, C.-C., Tzeng, N., Chao, C.-Y., Yeh, C., & Chang, H. (2018) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyy074 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Insight and psychosis: Functional and anatomical brain connectivity and self‐reflection in S chizophrenia
Ćurĉić‐Blake, B., van der Meer, L., Pijnenborg, G. H. M., David, A. S., & Aleman, A. (2015) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22955 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
An integrative model of the impairments in insight in schizophrenia: emerging research on causal factors and treatments
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Metacognitive Deficits Predict Impaired Insight in Schizophrenia Across Symptom Profiles: A Latent Class Analysis
Lysaker, P. H., Gagen, E. C., Wright, A. C., Vohs, J. L., Kukla, M., Yanos, P. T., & Hasson‐Ohayon, I. (2018) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sby142 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Insight and psychosis: the next 30 years
David, A. S. (2019) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2019.217 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Resting-state functional connectivity between right anterior insula and right orbital frontal cortex correlate with insight level in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Fan, J., Zhong, M., Zhu, X., Gan, J., Liu, W., Niu, C., Liao, H., Zhang, H., Yi, J., & Tan, C. (2017) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.04.002 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Neurobiology of insight deficits in schizophrenia: An fMRI study
Shad, M. U., & Keshavan, M. S. (2015) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.04.021 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
The impact of cognitive insight, self-stigma, and medication compliance on the quality of life in patients with schizophrenia
Lien, Y., Chang, H., Kao, Y., Tzeng, N., Lu, C.-W., & Loh, C. (2017) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-017-0829-3 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Associations Among Suicidal Ideation, White Matter Integrity and Cognitive Deficit in First-Episode Schizophrenia
Long, Y., Ouyang, X., Liu, Z., Chen, X., Hu, X., Lee, E. H. M., Chen, E. Y. H., Pu, W., Shan, B., & Rohrbaugh, R. M. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00391 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Neurobiological Basis of Insight in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review
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Stronger default mode network connectivity is associated with poorer clinical insight in youth at ultra high-risk for psychotic disorders
Clark, S., Mittal, V. A., Bernard, J. A., Ahmadi, A., King, T. Z., & Turner, J. A. (2017) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.06.043 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Brain areas associated with clinical and cognitive insight in psychotic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Pijnenborg, G. H. M., Larabi, D. I., Xu, P., Hasson‐Ohayon, I., de Vos, A. E., Ćurĉić‐Blake, B., Aleman, A., & van der Meer, L. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.022 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Enhancement of cognitive insight and higher-order neurocognitive function by fronto-temporal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in patients with schizophrenia
Chang, C.-C., Kao, Y., Chao, C.-Y., & Chang, H. (2019) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.12.052 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Normalizes Functional Connectivity for Social Threat in Psychosis
Mason, L., PETERS, E. R., Dima, D., Williams, S., & Kumari, V. (2015) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv153 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
A deeper view of insight in schizophrenia: Insight dimensions, unawareness and misattribution of particular symptoms and its relation with psychopathological factors
Pousa, E., Ochoa, S., Cobo, J., Nieto, L., Usall, J., Gonzalez, B., Garcia-Ribera, C., Pérez Solà, V., Ruiz, A.-I., Baños, I., et al. (2017) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.02.016 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Abnormalities of Regional Brain Activity in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Longitudinal Resting-State fMRI Study
Li, X., Liu, Q., Chen, Z., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, X., Luo, B., Luo, B., Zhang, Y., Shi, H., et al. (2023) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbad054 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Cortical thickness and metacognition in cognitively diverse older adults.
Bertrand, E., Azar, M., Rizvi, B. M., Brickman, A. M., Huey, E. D., Habeck, C. G., Landeira-Fernández, J., Mograbi, D. C., & Cosentino, S. (2018) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/neu0000458 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Trait self-reflectiveness relates to time-varying dynamics of resting state functional connectivity and underlying structural connectomes: Role of the default mode network
Larabi, D. I., Renken, R. J., Cabral, J., Marsman, J.-B. C., Aleman, A., & Ćurĉić‐Blake, B. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116896 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
A multicenter study of ketamine effects on functional connectivity: Large scale network relationships, hubs and symptom mechanisms
Fleming, L. M., Javitt, D. C., Carter, C. S., Kantrowitz, J. T., Girgis, R. R., Kegeles, L. S., Ragland, J. D., Maddock, R. J., Lesh, T. A., Tanase, C., et al. (2019) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101739 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Cognitive insight in individuals with an at‐risk mental state for psychosis: A meta‐analysis
Dondé, C., Laprévote, V., Lavallé, L., Haesebaert, F., Fakra, É., & Brunelin, J. (2020) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12993 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Convergent and divergent altered patterns of default mode network in deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia
Zhou, C., Yu, M., Tang, X., Wang, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, X., & Chen, J. (2018) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.10.012 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Reduced glymphatic clearance in early psychosis
Hua, L., Zeng, X., Zhang, K., Zhao, Z., & Yuan, Z. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03058-1 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Unrealistic self-overconfidence in schizophrenia is associated with left presubiculum atrophy and impaired episodic memory
Orfei, M. D., Piras, F., Banaj, N., Lorenzo, G. D., Siracusano, A., Caltagirone, C., Bandinelli, P. L., Ducci, G., & Spalletta, G. (2016) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2016.10.017 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Is it me? Verbal self-monitoring neural network and clinical insight in schizophrenia
Sapara, A. O., Ffytche, D. H., Cooke, M. A., Williams, S., & Kumari, V. (2015) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.10.007 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Efficacy of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to Improve Insight in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Adam, O., Blay, M., Brunoni, A. R., Chang, H., Gomes, J. S., Javitt, D. C., Jung, D.-U., Kantrowitz, J. T., Koops, S., Lindenmayer, J., et al. (2022) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbac078 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Modulation of brain activity with transcranial direct current stimulation: Targeting regions implicated in impaired illness awareness in schizophrenia
Kim, J., Plitman, E., Nakajima, S., Alshehri, Y., Iwata, Y., Chung, J. K., Caravaggio, F., Menon, M., Blumberger, D. M., Pollock, B. G., et al. (2019) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.06.007 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
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Modulation of self-appraisal of illness, medication adherence, life quality and autonomic functioning by transcranial direct current stimulation in schizophrenia patients
Kao, Y., Tzeng, N., Chao, C.-Y., Chang, C.-C., & Chang, H. (2020) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2020.02.029 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
UnReal? Investigating the Sense of Reality and Psychotic Symptoms with Virtual Reality
Drori, G., Bar-Tal, P., Stern, Y., Zvilichovsky, Y., & Salomon, R. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9061627 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Influence of time to clozapine prescription on the clinical outcome
Muñoz-Manchado, L. I., Pérez‐Revuelta, J. I., Banerjee, A., Galindo, L., Bernardo, M., González‐Sáiz, F., Moreno, J. M. V., & Fernández-Egea, E. (2023) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.028 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Heterogeneity of Outcomes and Network Connectivity in Early-Stage Psychosis: A Longitudinal Study
Chan, S. Y., Brady, R. O., Hwang, M., Higgins, A., Nielsen, K., Öngür, D., & Hall, M. (2020) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaa079 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Multiple Frequency Bands Analysis of Large Scale Intrinsic Brain Networks and Its Application in Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Qi, S., Gao, Q., Shen, J., Teng, Y., Xie, X., Sun, Y., & Wu, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncom.2018.00064 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Impaired illness awareness in schizophrenia and posterior corpus callosal white matter tract integrity
Gerretsen, P., Rajji, T. K., Shah, P., Shahab, S., Sanches, M., Graff‐Guerrero, A., Menon, M., Pollock, B. G., Mamo, D. C., Mulsant, B. H., et al. (2019) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-019-0076-x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
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Improvement of Insight with Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review
Blay, M., Adam, O., Bation, R., Galvão, F., Brunelin, J., & Mondino, M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11010040 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Vestibular stimulation improves insight into illness in schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Gerretsen, P., Pothier, D. D., Falls, C., Armstrong, M., Balakumar, T., Uchida, H., Mamo, D. C., Pollock, B. G., & Graff‐Guerrero, A. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.020 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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Structure/function interrelationships and illness insight in patients with schizophrenia: a multimodal MRI data fusion study
Otte, M., Schmitgen, M. M., Wolf, N. D., Kubera, K. M., Calhoun, V. D., Fritze, S., Geiger, L. S., Tost, H., Seidl, U., Meyer‐Lindenberg, A., et al. (2023) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-023-01566-1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Relationship Between Cognitive and Clinical Insight at Different Durations of Untreated Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms in High-Risk Individuals
Xu, L., Zhang, M., Wang, S., Wei, Y., Cui, H., Qian, Z., Wang, Y., Tang, X., Hu, Y., Tang, Y., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.753130 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Cultural differences and neural correlates of cognitive insight in schizophrenia
Jacob, A., Shukla, A., Thonse, U., Nagendra, B., Chako, D. M., Hiremath, C. V., Devi, P., Korann, V., Dey, A., Kunte, M., et al. (2019) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.05.010 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Effect of cognitive insight on clinical insight from pre-morbid to early psychosis stages
Xu, L., Hao, D., Wei, Y., Cui, H., Qian, Z., Wang, Y., Hu, H., Su, W., Tang, X., Hu, Y., et al. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114613 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A randomized controlled trial of changes in resting-state functional connectivity associated with short-term motor learning of chopstick use with the non-dominant hand
Takeda, S., & Miyamoto, R. (2023) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114599 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Exploring the Temporal Relationship Between Cognitive Insight and Neurocognition in Schizophrenia: A Prospective Analysis
Bredemeier, K., Beck, A. T., & Grant, P. M. (2017) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702617734019 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Cortical thinning in relation to impaired insight into illness in patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia
Kim, J., Song, J., Kambari, Y., Plitman, E., Shah, P., Iwata, Y., Caravaggio, F., Brown, E. E., Nakajima, S., Chakravarty, M. M., et al. (2023) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-023-00347-y · Cited by 9 · see citing works
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Effects of Anosognosia on Static and Dynamic Amplitudes of Low-Frequency Fluctuation in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Fu, Y., Luo, X., Zeng, Q., Li, K., Zhang, T., Li, Z., Xu, X., Hong, L., Chen, Y., Zhang, M., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.705097 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Association between prefrontal N-acetylaspartate and insight in psychotic disorders
Larabi, D. I., Liemburg, E. J., Pijnenborg, G. H. M., Sibeijn‐Kuiper, A., de Vos, A. E., Bais, L., Knegtering, H., Ćurĉić‐Blake, B., & Aleman, A. (2016) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2016.09.018 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Exploring the relationship between impaired illness awareness and visuospatial inattention in patients with schizophrenia
Daniell, K., Kim, J., Iwata, Y., Caravaggio, F., Brown, E. E., Remington, G. J., Agid, O., Graff‐Guerrero, A., & Gerretsen, P. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.016 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
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Insight does not come at random: Individual gray matter networks relate to clinical and cognitive insight in schizophrenia
Larabi, D. I., Marsman, J.-B. C., Aleman, A., Tijms, B. M., Opmeer, E. M., Pijnenborg, G. H. M., van der Meer, L., van Tol, M., & Ćurĉić‐Blake, B. (2021) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110251 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Cross-cultural psychometric assessment of the VAGUS insight into psychosis scale – Spanish version
de León, P. P., Gerretsen, P., Shah, P., Saracco-Álvarez, R. A., Graff‐Guerrero, A., & Fresán, A. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.10.046 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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Large-scale networks underlie cognitive insight differs between untreated adolescents ongoing their first schizophrenic episode and their reference non-schizophrenic mates
Ji, R., Zhou, M., Ou, N., Chen, H., Li, Y., Zhuo, L., Huang, X., & Huang, G. (2022) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10818 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Aberrant brain functional connectivity mediates the effects of negative symptoms on cognitive function in schizophrenia: A structural equation model
Fang, J., Cai, R., Hu, Y., Wang, Y., Ling, Y., Lv, Y., Fang, X., Zhang, X., & Zhou, C. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.006 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Delineating insight-processing-related functional activations in the precuneus in first-episode psychosis patients
Mäntylä, T. J. S., Kieseppä, T., Suvisaari, J., & Raij, T. T. (2021) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111347 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Impaired insight in schizophrenia is associated with higher frontoparietal cerebral blood flow: an arterial spin labeling study
Song, J., Carmona-Torres, E., Kambari, Y., Chavez, S., Ueno, F., Koizum, T., Amaev, A., Abdolizadeh, A., Luca, V. D., Blumberger, D. M., et al. (2025) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-024-00536-3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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Unreal? A Behavioral, Physiological, and Computational Model of the Sense of RealityPreprint
Drori, G., Bar-Tal, P., Hirsh, O., berlinger, A., Goldberg, N., Zvilichovsky, Y., Hertz, U., Zaidel, A., & Salomon, R. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.04.07.647542 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Video self-confrontation as a therapeutic tool in schizophrenia: A randomized parallel-arm single-blind trial
Schandrin, A., Picot, M., Marin, G., André, M., Gardes, J., Léger, A., O'Donoghue, B. N., Raffard, S., Abbar, M., & Capdevielle, D. (2022) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2021.12.016 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Does insight improve during the course of psychosis?
Seif, P., del Re, E. C., Tamminga, C. A., Pearlson, G. D., Clementz, B. A., McDowell, J., Ivleva, E. I., Hamada, K., Hill, S. K., Keedy, S., et al. (2025) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2025.11.005 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
An event-related potential study using a cued task-switching paradigm reveals neural correlates of cognitive flexibility impairments in schizophrenia
Mei, Q., Zhang, L., Zheng, F., Huang, Z., Chen, L., Liu, X., Zhou, Z., & Zhou, H. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-07660-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The neural correlates of illness awareness in addiction: a pilot exploratory analysis of preliminary data from the cognitive dysfunction in the addictions (CDiA) research program
Kyte, S., Song, J., Nikolova, Y. S., Ruocco, A. C., Agarwal, S. M., Amaev, A., Bukovsky, D., Carmona-Torres, E., Felsky, D., Graff‐Guerrero, A., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1694826 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Identifying neurophenotypes of major depressive disorder through normative model of regional homogeneity
Luo, Z., Li, W., Xu, Y., Shen, J., Wang, C., Lan, X., Liu, G., Luo, Z., Hou, Z., Mai, S., et al. (2026) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-026-04003-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Immediate and Sustained Effects of Multi-Session Biparietal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Insight in Schizophrenia
Song, J., Kim, J., Carmona-Torres, E., Kambari, Y., Ueno, F., Koizumi, T., Iwata, Y., Amaev, A., Luca, V. D., Blumberger, D. M., et al. (2026) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbag022 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Retrograde amnesia abolishes the self-reference effect in anterograde memory
Stendardi, D., Luca, F. D., Gambino, S., & Ciaramelli, E. (2023) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-023-06661-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Slow Negative Potentials in the Pre-Stimulus Period in Healthy Subjects and Patients with their First Episode of Schizophrenia
Slavutskaya, M. V., Лебедева, И. С., Fedotova, A. A., Tikhonov, D. V., & Каледа, В. Г. (2024) · Human Physiology · doi:10.1134/s0362119724700695 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Impaired illness awareness and leftward visuospatial inattention in schizophrenia are attributable to a common neural deficit – Posterior parietal hemispheric imbalance
Kim, J., Plitman, E., Nakajima, S., Chung, J. K., Alshehri, Y., Iwata, Y., Caravaggio, F., Pollock, B. G., Pothier, D., Graff‐Guerrero, A., et al. (2017) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2017.01.007 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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What do we know about insight into illness and its association with the underlying biology of schizophrenia?
Shad, M. U. (2017) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.08.017 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Authors: Gerretsen, P., Menon, M., Mamo, D. C., Fervaha, G., Remington, G., Pollock, B. G., & Graff-Guerrero, A.
Affiliations: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
ORCID: Gerretsen, Philip
Menon, Mahesh
Fervaha, Gagan
Remington, Gary
Pollock, Bruce G.
Venue: Schizophrenia Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-12
Volume: 160
Issue: 1-3
Pages: 43-50
ISSN: 0920-9964 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.015
PMC: PMC4429527
OpenAlex: W2038709693
Cited by: 73
References: 94
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5
FWCI: 4.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Schizophrenia Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH084886)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
Keywords: clinical insight, cognitive insight
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Agnosia, Awareness, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Neural Pathways, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Young Adult

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Impaired insight into illness and cognitive insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Resting state functional connectivity

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