Cited by 291Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyAnimal Nutrition and PhysiologyEssential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity

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Critical evaluation of essential oils as rumen modifiers in ruminant nutrition: A review

Cobellis, Gabriella, Trabalza-Marinucci, Massimo, Yu, Zhongtang·2016·Science of The Total Environment

DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.103

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Abstract

Ruminant livestock systems contribute significantly to emission of methane, a potent greenhouse gas as they waste a portion of the ingested energy (2-15%) as methane and a large proportion (75-95%) of the ingested nitrogen as ammonia. Recently, numerous researches have been conducted to evaluate plant secondary metabolites, including essential oils (EO), as natural feed additives in ruminant nutrition and to exploit their potential to improve rumen fermentation efficiency. Essential oils appeared to be very promising compounds as they selectively reduced methane production and protein breakdown in both in vitro and in vivo studies. However, in some studies, the use of EO as feed additives was accompanied with decreased feed degradability and lowered volatile fatty acid. These adverse effects could be attributed to their broad and often non-specific antimicrobial activities within the rumen. Future research should be directed to identification of the active and useful EO compounds, optimization of EO doses, and use of a whole-farm approach with a focus on animal welfare, performance and economic benefits.

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Authors: Cobellis, G., Trabalza-Marinucci, M., & Yu, Z.
Affiliations: University of Perugia (IT)
The Ohio State University (US)
Corresponding author: Cobellis, Gabriella
ORCID: Yu, Zhongtang
Venue: Science of The Total Environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2016-03
Volume: 545-546
Pages: 556-568
ISSN: 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.103
OpenAlex: W2219016437
Cited by: 291
References: 73
Citations by year: 2026: 27 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 6
FWCI: 3.51
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Università degli Studi di Perugia
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Keywords: essential oils, rumen modifiers, ruminant nutrition, methane mitigation, feed additives, rumen fermentation, protein degradation, volatile fatty acids, feed degradability, antimicrobial activity, greenhouse gas emissions, ammonia emissions, plant secondary metabolites
MeSH terms: Animals, Animal Feed, Animal Husbandry, Diet, Oils, Volatile, Rumen, Ruminants

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Critical evaluation of essential oils as rumen modifiers in ruminant nutrition: A review

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