Invited review: enteric methane in dairy cattle production: quantifying the opportunities and impact of reducing emissions

Knapp, J.R.; Laur, G.L.; Vadas, P.A.; Weiss, W.P.; Tricarico, J.M.

doi:10.3168/jds.2013-7234

Cited by 1,002Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyAgriculture Sustainability and Environmental ImpactSustainable Agricultural Systems Analysis

Invited review: enteric methane in dairy cattle production: quantifying the opportunities and impact of reducing emissions

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Knapp, J.R., Laur, G.L., Vadas, P.A., Weiss, W.P., Tricarico, J.M.·2014·Journal of Dairy Science

DOI 10.3168/jds.2013-7234

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Abstract

Many opportunities exist to reduce enteric methane (CH4) and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit of product from ruminant livestock. Research over the past century in genetics, animal health, microbiology, nutrition, and physiology has led to improvements in dairy production where intensively managed farms have GHG emissions as low as 1 kg of CO2 equivalents (CO2e)/kg of energy-corrected milk (ECM), compared with >7 kg of CO2 e/kg of ECM in extensive systems. The objectives of this review are to evaluate options that have been demonstrated to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions per unit of ECM (CH4/ECM) from dairy cattle on a quantitative basis and in a sustained manner and to integrate approaches in genetics, feeding and nutrition, physiology, and health to emphasize why herd productivity, not individual animal productivity, is important to environmental sustainability. A nutrition model based on carbohydrate digestion was used to evaluate the effect of feeding and nutrition strategies on CH4/ECM, and a meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the effects of lipid supplementation on CH4/ECM. A second model combining herd structure dynamics and production level was used to estimate the effect of genetic and management strategies that increase milk yield and reduce culling on CH4/ECM. Some of these approaches discussed require further research, but many could be implemented now. Past efforts in CH4 mitigation have largely focused on identifying and evaluating CH4 mitigation approaches based on nutrition, feeding, and modifications of rumen function. Nutrition and feeding approaches may be able to reduce CH4/ECM by 2.5 to 15%, whereas rumen modifiers have had very little success in terms of sustained CH4 reductions without compromising milk production. More significant reductions of 15 to 30% CH4/ECM can be achieved by combinations of genetic and management approaches, including improvements in heat abatement, disease and fertility management, performance-enhancing technologies, and facility design to increase feed efficiency and life-time productivity of individual animals and herds. Many of the approaches discussed are only partially additive, and all approaches to reducing enteric CH4 emissions should consider the economic impacts on farm profitability and the relationships between enteric CH4 and other GHG.

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Animal breeding techniques can genetically select highly productive animals with less GHG emission intensity, reducing the number of animals required for the same food amount.
“Animal breeding techniques are to genetically select highly productive animals with less GHG emission intensity,134 thereby reducing the number of animals required to produce the same amount of food.”
From Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality (2021) · cites this paper as [134]

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Authors: Knapp, J. R., Laur, G. L., Vadas, P. A., Weiss, W. P., & Tricarico, J. M.
Affiliations: Agricultural Research Service (US)
The Ohio State University (US)
ORCID: Vadas, P.A.
Weiss, W.P.
Venue: Journal of Dairy Science
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Published: 2014-06
Volume: 97
Issue: 6
Pages: 3231-3261
ISSN: 0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7234
OpenAlex: W2039764894
Cited by: 1,002
References: 225
Citations by year: 2026: 76 · 2025: 102 · 2024: 120 · 2023: 93 · 2022: 111 · 2021: 96 · 2020: 84 · 2019: 70 · 2018: 90 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 9
FWCI: 9.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Innovation Center for US Dairy
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Sustainable Agricultural Systems Analysis
Keywords: enteric methane, dairy cattle, greenhouse gas emissions, methane mitigation, energy-corrected milk, lipid supplementation, carbohydrate digestion, rumen modifiers, herd productivity, genetic improvement, culling, feed efficiency, farm profitability, environmental sustainability
MeSH terms: Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Animals, Animal Feed, Cattle, Dairying, Dietary Carbohydrates, Digestion, Eating, Environment, Female, Fertility, Intestinal Mucosa, Methane, Milk, Ruminants, Livestock

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Invited review: enteric methane in dairy cattle production: quantifying the opportunities and impact of reducing emissions

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