Behaviors of N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide ethanol (N-EtFOSE) in a soil-earthworm system: transformation and bioaccumulation
Abstract
N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido ethanol (N-EtFOSE) is a typical precursor of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). In this study, the behaviors of N-EtFOSE in a soil-earthworm system, including biodegradation in soil and bioaccumulation and biotransformation in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were investigated. N-EtFOSE could be biodegraded in soil and biotransformed in earthworms to several metabolites, including n-ethylperfluorooctane sulfonamide acetate (N-EtFOSAA), perfluorooctane sulfonamide acetate (FOSAA), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) and PFOS, with N-EtFOSAA as the predominant intermediate and PFOS as the terminal product in both soil and earthworm. The uptake rate coefficients (ku, 0.746 goc gdw(-1)d(-1)), degradation rate constant in soil (k0, 0.138 d(-1)) and the biota-to-soil accumulation factor (BSAF, 0.523 goc gdw(-1)) of N-EtFOSE were estimated. For N-EtFOSE, N-EtFOSAA, FOSAA, FOSA and PFOS, their loss rate constants in earthworms were in the range of 0.467-30.2 (α) and 0.006-0.415 (β) d(-1), respectively. The results provided important information about the behaviors of N-EtFOSE in the soil-earthworm system.
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PFOS is known to be a final transformation product of some PFASs, including N-alkyl substituted perfluorooctane sulfonamides and N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido ethanol.
“This is because PFOS is known to be the final transformation product of some PFASs such as (N-alkyl substituted) perfluorooctane sulfonamides and N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido ethanol (D'eon et al., 2006;Benskin et al., 2012;Zhao et al., 2016).”
From Short- and long-chain perfluoroalkyl substances in the water, suspended particulate matter, and surface sediment of a turbid river (2016) · cites this paper as Zhao et al., 2016
PFOS precursors transform to PFOS in air, water (including wastewater treatment), and soils.
“The transformation of PFOS-precursors to PFOS happens in air, water (including waste water treatment), and soils.”
From Short- and long-chain perfluoroalkyl substances in the water, suspended particulate matter, and surface sediment of a turbid river (2016) · cites this paper as Zhao et al., 2016
Exposure to PFAAs may arise directly from emission or indirectly via the environmental release and degradation of PFAA precursors.
“another one for indirect sources, i.e., the metabolic transformation of PFAA precursors (Fu et al., 2015; Zhao et al., 2016).”
From Biotransformation of perfluoroalkyl acid precursors from various environmental systems: advances and perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as Zhao et al., 2016
EtFOSE degradation in two distinct Indiana soils proceeds through multiple steps to EtFOSA and finally to PFOS.
“In addition, the degradation of EtFOSE in two distinct Indiana soils was converted into EtFOSA through multiple steps, and finally into PFOS.”
From Biotransformation of perfluoroalkyl acid precursors from various environmental systems: advances and perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as Zhao et al. (2016)
EtFOSE biotransformation in soil and earthworms (Eisenia fetida) produces metabolites including EtFOSAA, FOSAA, FOSA, and PFOS.
“Zhao et al. (2016) investigated the biotransformation of EtFOSE in soil and earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Several metabolites were detected, including EtFOSAA, FOSAA, FOSA, and PFOS.”
From Biotransformation of perfluoroalkyl acid precursors from various environmental systems: advances and perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as Zhao et al. (2016)
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- Authors
- Zhao, S., Ma, X., Fang, S., & Zhu, L.
- Affiliations
- Dalian University of Technology (CN)
- Nankai University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhu, Lingyan
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 554-555
- Pages
- 186-191
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2291073191
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 3.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Science Foundation of China (21325730, 21277077)
- Ministry of Education (20130031130005)
- Ministry of Environmental Protection (201009026)
- Ministry of Education Innovation Team (IRT 13024)
- Scientific Research Foundation of Dalian University of Technology (DUT14RC(3)085)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Keywords
- PFOS, soil biodegradation, Eisenia fetida, bioaccumulation, metabolites
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biodegradation, Environmental, Biotransformation, Fluorocarbons, Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated, Oligochaeta, Soil, Soil Pollutants, Sulfonamides
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