Aerobic Biotransformation and Fate of N-Ethyl Perfluorooctane Sulfonamidoethanol (N-EtFOSE) in Activated Sludge

Rhoads, Kurt R.; Janssen, Elisabeth M.-L.; Luthy, Richard G.; Criddle, Craig S.

doi:10.1021/es702866c

Cited by 325Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchEnvironmental Chemistry and AnalysisMicrobial bioremediation and biosurfactants

Aerobic Biotransformation and Fate of N-Ethyl Perfluorooctane Sulfonamidoethanol (N-EtFOSE) in Activated Sludge

Rhoads, Kurt R., Janssen, Elisabeth M.-L., Luthy, Richard G., Criddle, Craig S.·2008·Environmental Science & Technology

DOI 10.1021/es702866c

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Abstract

Processes affecting the fate of perfluorinated organics are of increasing concern due to the global dispersal, persistence, and bioaccumulation of these contaminants. The volatile compound N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol (N-EtFOSE) and its phosphate esters have been used in protective surface coatings. In this report, we describe the fate of N-EtFOSE in aerobic batch assays. These assays were performed using undiluted activated sludge in serum bottles that were sealed to prevent the escape of N-EtFOSE and volatile transformation products. Separate assays were performed with N-EtFOSE and reported transformation products. N-EtFOSE degraded to N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (N-EtFOSAA) with an observed first-order rate of 0.99 +/- 0.08 day(-1) and a pseudosecond order rate of 0.26 +/- 0.02 L/mg VSS day(-1). N-EtFOSAA underwent further transformation at a slower rate (0.093 +/- 0.012 day(-1)) to N-ethylperfluorooctane sulfonamide (N-EtFOSA). N-EtFOSA then transformed to perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA). FOSA transformed to perfluorooctane sulfinate (PFOSI), and PFOSI transformed to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was not detected as a transformation product of any compound. Using the measured rate of N-EtFOSE biotransformation and literature values for phase partitioning and mass transfer in aeration basins, we modeled the fate of N-EtFOSE in a typical activated sludge aeration basin open to the atmosphere. The model p…

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Rhoads et al. (2008) investigated the biotransformation of EtFOSE in WWTP activated sludge and identified N-EtFOSAA, EtFOSA, FOSA, FOSAA and PFOSI within one day of the incubation.
“Rhoads et al. (2008) investi- gated the biotransformation of EtFOSE inWWTP activated sludge and iden- tified N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (N-EtFOSAA), N- ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide (EtFOSA), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA), perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (FOSAA) and perfluoroocatane sulfinate (PFOSI) within one day of the incubation (Table 3).”
From A review of microbial degradation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): Biotransformation routes and enzymes (2023) · cites this paper as Rhoads et al. (2008)
PFOS was detected on day 3 of the incubation, and based on these observations, a microbial biotransformation pathway was proposed.
“PFOS was detected on day 3 of the incubation, thus, based on these observations, a microbial biotransformation pathway was proposed (Fig. 5) (Rhoads et al., 2008).”
From A review of microbial degradation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): Biotransformation routes and enzymes (2023) · cites this paper as Rhoads et al., 2008

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Authors: Rhoads, K. R., Janssen, E. M.-L., Luthy, R. G., & Criddle, C. S.
Affiliations: Stanford University (US)
Corresponding author: Criddle, Craig S.
ORCID: Rhoads, Kurt R.
Janssen, Elisabeth M.-L.
Luthy, Richard G.
Criddle, Craig S.
Venue: Environmental Science & Technology
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published: 2008-03-07
Volume: 42
Issue: 8
Pages: 2873-2878
ISSN: 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
1520-5851
DOI: 10.1021/es702866c
OpenAlex: W1989423902
Cited by: 325
References: 5
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 13.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microbial bioremediation and biosurfactants
Keywords: aerobic biotransformation, activated sludge, degradation intermediates, perfluorooctane sulfonamide, PFOS, aeration tank, phase partitioning, wastewater effluent
MeSH terms: Aerobiosis, Biotransformation, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Environmental Pollutants, Fluorocarbons, Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated, Kinetics, Sewage, Sulfonamides, Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Aerobic Biotransformation and Fate of N-Ethyl Perfluorooctane Sulfonamidoethanol (N-EtFOSE) in Activated Sludge

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