Cited by 185Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchPharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental ImpactsEnvironmental Chemistry and Analysis

Distribution, behaviour, bioavailability and remediation of poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in solid biowastes and biowaste-treated soil

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Bolan, Nanthi, Sarkar, Binoy, Vithanage, Meththika, Singh, Gurwinder, Tsang, Daniel C.W., Mukhopadhyay, Raj, Ramadass, Kavitha, Vinu, Ajayan +8 more·2021·Environment International

Abstract

Aqueous film-forming foam, used in firefighting, and biowastes, including biosolids, animal and poultry manures, and composts, provide a major source of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) input to soil. Large amounts of biowastes are added to soil as a source of nutrients and carbon. They also are added as soil amendments to improve soil health and crop productivity. Plant uptake of PFAS through soil application of biowastes is a pathway for animal and human exposure to PFAS. The complexity of PFAS mixtures, and their chemical and thermal stability, make remediation of PFAS in both solid and aqueous matrices challenging. Remediation of PFAS in biowastes, as well as soils treated with these biowastes, can be achieved through preventing and decreasing the concentration of PFAS in biowaste sources (i.e., prevention through source control), mobilization of PFAS in contaminated soil and subsequent removal through leaching (i.e., soil washing) and plant uptake (i.e., phytoremediation), sorption of PFAS, thereby decreasing their mobility and bioavailability (i.e., immobilization), and complete removal through thermal and chemical oxidation (i.e., destruction). In this review, the distribution, bioavailability, and remediation of PFAS in soil receiving solid biowastes, which include biosolids, composts, and manure, are presented.

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  1. Brändli, R.C.B., T.D., Kupper,T,. Zennegg,M,. Huber,S.. Müller,J., Schmid ,P., Berger,U., Stahel,W.,Stadelmann,F X., Tarradellas, J., 2008. Input of organic pollutants to soil by compost and digestate application and their origin. , in: Compost and digestate: sustainability, benefits, impacts for the environment and for plant production Solothurn, Switzerland., pp. 55-62.

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Authors
Bolan, N., Sarkar, B., Vithanage, M., Singh, G., Tsang, D. C. W., Mukhopadhyay, R., Ramadass, K., Vinu, A., Sun, Y., Ramanayaka, S., Hoang, S. A., Yan, Y., Li, Y., Rinklebe, J., Li, H., & Kirkham, M. B.
Affiliations
  • University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
  • Lancaster University (GB)
  • University of Sri Jayewardenepura (LK)
  • Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
  • Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (IN)
  • Huaiyin Normal University (CN)
  • Beijing Normal University (CN)
  • University of Wuppertal (DE)
  • Sejong University (KR)
  • Kansas State University (US)
Corresponding author
  • Bolan, Nanthi
  • Rinklebe, Jörg
Venue
Environment International
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-10
Volume
155
Pages
106600
ISSN
0160-4120 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3159291720
Cited by
185
References
193
Citations by year
2026: 34 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 8
FWCI
10.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Environment International (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
  • Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
  • NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
Keywords
per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS, organic waste, biosolids, poultry manure, livestock manure, compost, soil contamination, PFAS remediation, phytoremediation, soil washing, sorption, source control, plant uptake, aqueous film-forming foam, firefighting foam
MeSH terms
Animals, Biodegradation, Environmental, Biological Availability, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Soil, Soil Pollutants

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