Effects of ashes from a Brazilian savanna wildfire on water, soil and biota: an ecotoxicological approach.
Abstract
Wildfire is very common in Brazilian savannas, and its effects on water, soil and aquatic/soil organisms are poorly understood. In this study, we observed the effects of fire, especially of ashes, on surface soil and subsurface water in a typical Brazilian savanna (Cerrado sensu strictu) for one year. Soil analyses (pH, organic matter content, potential acidity, K, Ca, Mg and P) and subsurface water analyses (NO 3-, PO 43- Mg 2+, Ca 2+ and K+) were assessed. We evaluated the ecotoxicological effects of ashes on three different endpoints and species, in fish Danio rerio (embryonic development), aquatic snail Biomphalaria glabrata (reproduction) and a soil species Enchytraeus sp. (reproduction). We found a higher amount of exchangeable cations and organic matter content in short-term fire effects on soil, but the higher availability of nutrients did not affect the soil pH in field plots. The effects of ashes on soil and subsurface water did not persist for one-year post-fire, except for organic matter content in burned areas. No toxic effects were observed on hatching success and incidences of developmental abnormalities in D. rerio embryos. However, ash input had adverse effects on reproduction in snails and enchytraeids. We reported a statistically significant decrease in snail eggs exposed to the 50g.L-1 and 100g.L-1 of ashes after four weeks (p<0.05, Dunnett's test and Tukey test). Enchytraeus sp. reproduction was negatively influenced by the natural soil, which presents high acidity, and also when exposed directly to the ashes from burned area, suggesting that pH and other ash compounds may limit the growth of enchytraeids. More studies in burned areas are strongly encouraged, addressing the potential important routes of exposure to ashes in order to understand the impact of intense fires on soil and aquatic biota in tropical savannas.
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Highly variable impacts of ash contamination on freshwater biota have been reported between different ecosystems, types of ash, fires and species.
“Highly variable impacts of ash contamination on freshwater biota have been reported between different ecosystems, types of ash, fires and species (Smith et al. 2011;Silva et al. 2015;Oliveira-Filho et al. 2018).”
From Chemical composition of wildfire ash produced in contrasting ecosystems and its toxicity to Daphnia magna (2019) · cites this paper as Oliveira-Filho et al. 2018
Key areas receiving particular attention are the production and mobilisation of PAHs and heavy metals.
“Key areas receiving particular attention as a result of concern about their environmental effects are the production and mobilisation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (e.g.Vila-Escale ´et al. 2007;Campos et al. 2012;Oliveira-Filho et al. 2018).”
From Chemical composition of wildfire ash produced in contrasting ecosystems and its toxicity to Daphnia magna (2019) · cites this paper as Oliveira-Filho et al. 2018
Ash has begun to receive increasing recognition as a source of diffuse contamination in freshwater systems, and detrimental impacts on lake and stream biota including fish, amphibians, macroinvertebrates and algae have been observed.
“Ash has also begun to receive increasing recognition as a source of diffuse contamination in freshwater systems and detrimental impacts on both lake and stream biota, including fish (e.g.Nunes et al. 2017;Oliveira-Filho et al. 2018;Gonino et al. 2019a), amphibians (Pilliod et al. 2003), macroinvertebrates (Brito et al. 2017) and algae (Campos et al. 2012) have all been observed.”
From Chemical composition of wildfire ash produced in contrasting ecosystems and its toxicity to Daphnia magna (2019) · cites this paper as Oliveira-Filho et al. 2018
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- Authors
- Oliveira-Filho, E. C., Brito, D. Q., Dias, Z. M. B., Guarieiro, M. S., Carvalho, E. L., Fascineli, M. L., Niva, C. C., & Grisolia, C. K.
- Affiliations
- Embrapa (BR)
- Universidade de Brasília (BR)
- University Center of Brasília (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Oliveira-Filho, Eduardo C.
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-03
- Volume
- 618
- Pages
- 101-111
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2767636019
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 1.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (478637/2012-8)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies
- Keywords
- wildfire ash, savanna burning, Cerrado, ecotoxicology, soil properties, subsurface water quality, soil organic matter, soil pH, exchangeable cations, nutrient availability, Enchytraeus, soil invertebrates, aquatic organisms, post-fire recovery
- MeSH terms
- Wildfires, Animals, Brazil, Soil, Water, Ecotoxicology, Biota, Grassland
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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