Investigation of levels of perfluoroalkyl substances in surface water, sediment and fish tissue in New Jersey, USA
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic substances found in New Jersey (NJ) due to historic and current industrial activities and the use of aqueous film forming foams. This research documents PFAS occurrence in surface water, sediments, and fish tissue at 11 targeted waterbodies in NJ suspected to be impacted by PFAS. Thirteen PFAS compounds were quantified from each media. The profile of detected PFAS differed among media from the same site, with shorter chain PFAS tending to predominate in surface water while longer chain PFAS predominated in fish and sediments. All water samples contained detectable levels of at least four perfluoroalkyl substances. PFOA, PFHpA and PFPeA were detected at every site. ΣPFAS concentrations in water samples ranged from 22.9 to 279.5 ng/L. At least one, and up to eight, PFAS were detected in sediment samples at 10 sites, while there were no detections of PFAS in sediments at the reference site. ΣPFAS concentrations in sediment samples ranged from below detection to 30.9 ng/g. At least one fish of each species at every site had detectable levels of PFAS compounds. ΣPFAS concentrations in fish were highest at sites downstream from a military facility, and lowest at the reference site. PFOS, PFDA, PFUnA and PFDoA were the predominant PFAS detected in fish tissue. PFOS was generally found in fish tissue at higher concentrations than other PFAS, with higher PFOS concentrations found in the tissue of yellow perch, American eel, pumpkinseed, and largemouth bass collected at sites with higher detections of PFOS in surface waters. PFOS levels in nearly all fish species were, on average, high enough to trigger fish consumption advisories. Additional studies are needed to further evaluate the sources and occurrence of PFAS in NJ and to better understand their movement through the environment and potential risks.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Stormwater runoff PFAS levels in this study were much higher than those in prior studies.
“Compared to prior studies, stormwater runoff PFAS levels in this study were much higher.”
From Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Urban Stormwater Runoff: Insights from a Roadside Rain Garden (2025) · cites this paper as [37]
Long chain PFAS have a higher affinity for adsorption to particulate matter and are observed more in soil, sediment, and plant roots, while short chain PFAS are highly soluble in water and are observed more in aqueous compartments and plant shoots.
“Long chain PFAS have a higher affinity for adsorption to particulate matter, thus they are observed more in soil, sediment, and plant roots while short chain PFAS are highly soluble in water and are observed more in aqueous compartments and plant shoots (Bai and Son, 2021; Dalahmeh et al., 2018; Goodrow et al., 2020; Sardiña et al., 2019).”
From Occurrence, transformation, and transport of PFAS entering, leaving, and flowing past wastewater treatment plants with diverse land uses (2024) · cites this paper as Goodrow et al., 2020
Hydrophilic short-chain PFAS (C ≤ 8) are typically found in surface waters, whereas hydrophobic long-chain PFAS (C > 8) tend to bioaccumulate in fish tissues and sediments.
“Their chain length and functional moieties determine their environmental occurrence and distribution with hydrophilic short-chain PFAS (C ≤ 8) typically found in surface waters, whereas the hydrophobic long-chain PFAS (C > 8) tend to bioaccumulate in fish tissues and sediments (Goodrow et al., 2020; Bai and Son, 2021).”
From Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and wastewater: A critical review of their global occurrence and distribution (2022) · cites this paper as Goodrow et al., 2020
Cites
Sources, fate and transport of perfluorocarboxylates
Prevedouros, K., Cousins, I. T., Buck, R. C., & Korzeniowski, S. H. (2006) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0512475 · Cited by 2,594 · see citing works
Polyfluorinated Compounds: Past, Present, and Future
Lindstrom, A. B., Strynar, M. J., & Libelo, E. L. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es2011622 · Cited by 1,628 · see citing works
Conder, J. M., Hoke, R. A., Wolf, W. D., Russell, M. H., & Buck, R. C. (2008) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es070895g · Cited by 1,206 · see citing works
Martin, J. W., Mabury, S. A., Solomon, K. R., & Muir, D. C. G. (2003) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.5620220126 · Cited by 960 · see citing works
Barzen-Hanson, K. A., Roberts, S. C., Choyke, S., Oetjen, K., McAlees, A., Riddell, N., McCrindle, R., Ferguson, P. L., Higgins, C. P., & Field, J. A. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b05843 · Cited by 873 · see citing works
Monitoring of Perfluorinated Compounds in Aquatic Biota: An Updated Review: PFCs in Aquatic Biota
Houde, M., De Silva, A. O., Muir, D. C. G., & Letcher, R. J. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es104326w · Cited by 847 · see citing works
Post, G. B., Cohn, P. D., & Cooper, K. R. (2012) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2012.03.007 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Self-citationBacke, W. J., Day, T. C., & Field, J. A. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es3034999 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Growing Concern Over Perfluorinated Chemicals
Renner, R. (2001) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es012317k · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Determination of Perfluorocarboxylates in Groundwater Impacted by Fire-Fighting Activity
Moody, C. A., & Field, J. A. (1999) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es981355+ · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Analysis of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances in air samples from Northwest Europe
Barber, J. L., Berger, U., Chaemfa, C., Huber, S., Jahnke, A., Temme, C., & Jones, K. C. (2007) · Journal of Environmental Monitoring · doi:10.1039/b701417a · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Rankin, K., Mabury, S. A., Jenkins, T. M., & Washington, J. W. (2016) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.109 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Labadie, P., & Chevreuil, M. (2010) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.039 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Armitage, J. M., MacLeod, M., & Cousins, I. T. (2009) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es900753y · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Houde, M., Czub, G., Small, J. M., Backus, S. M., Wang, X., Alaee, M., & Muir, D. C. G. (2008) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es800906r · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Perfluoroalkyl substances and fish consumption
Christensen, K. L. Y., Raymond, M., Blackowicz, M. J., Liu, Y., Thompson, B. A., Anderson, H. A., & Turyk, M. E. (2017) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2016.12.032 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Fair, P. A., Wolf, B. J., White, N. D., Arnott, S. A., Kannan, K., Karthikraj, R., & Vena, J. E. (2019) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.021 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Houde, M., Wells, R. S., Fair, P. A., Bossart, G. D., Hohn, A. A., Rowles, T., Sweeney, J. C., Solomon, K. R., & Muir, D. C. G. (2005) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0506556 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Post, G. B., Louis, J. B., Cooper, K. R., Boros-Russo, B. J., & Lippincott, R. L. (2009) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es900301s · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationPan, C., Zhao, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, Q.-Q., Chen, Z., Lai, H., Peng, F., Liu, S., & Ying, G. (2014) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.05.031 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Taniyasu, S., Yamashita, N., Moon, H., Kwok, K. Y., Lam, P. K. S., Horii, Y., Petrick, G., & Kannan, K. (2013) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2013.02.005 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Occurrence of perfluorinated compounds in raw water from New Jersey public drinking water systems
Post, G. B., Louis, J. B., Lippincott, R. L., & Procopio, N. A. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es402884x · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationPerfluorinated compounds in fish from U.S. urban rivers and the Great Lakes
Stahl, L. L., Snyder, B. D., Olsen, A. R., Kincaid, T. M., Wathen, J. B., & McCarty, H. B. (2014) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.126 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Lau, C. S. (2012) · Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Polarization Phenomena in Nuclear Reactions · doi:10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_3 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Chen, M., Qiang, L., Pan, X., Fang, S., Han, Y., & Zhu, L. Y. (2015) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b00488 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Holmström, K. E., Johansson, A.-K., Bignert, A., Lindberg, P., & Berger, U. (2010) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es100028f · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Geographical Distribution of Perfluorinated Compounds in Fish from Minnesota Lakes and Rivers
Delinsky, A. D., Strynar, M. J., McCann, P. J., Varns, J. L., McMillan, L., Nakayama, S. F., & Lindstrom, A. B. (2010) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es903777s · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Brandsma, S. H., Smithwick, M., Solomon, K. R., Small, J. M., de Boer, J., & Muir, D. C. G. (2010) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.09.050 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Lanza, H. A., Cochran, R. S., Mudge, J. F., Olson, A. D., Blackwell, B. R., Maul, J. D., Salice, C. J., & Anderson, T. A. (2016) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.3726 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Åkerblom, S., Negm, N., Wu, P., Bishop, K., & Ahrens, L. (2017) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.032 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Identification of the source of PFOS and PFOA contamination at a military air base site
España, V. A. A., Megharaj, M., & Naidu, R. (2014) · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10661-014-4111-0 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Repeated dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity of perfluoroundecanoic acid in rats
Takahashi, M., Ishida, S., Hirata‐Koizumi, M., Ono, A., & Hirose, A. (2014) · The Journal of Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.2131/jts.39.97 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Fujii, Y., Sakurada, T., Harada, K. H., Koizumi, A., Kimura, O., Endo, T., & Haraguchi, K. (2015) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2015.01.007 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Procopio, N. A., Karl, R., Goodrow, S. M., Maggio, J., Louis, J. B., & Atherholt, T. B. (2017) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-017-0309-3 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationAhrens, L., Marusczak, N., Rubarth, J., Dommergue, A., Nedjaï, R., Ferrari, C., & Ebinghaus, R. (2010) · Environmental Chemistry · doi:10.1071/en10025 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kurwadkar, S., Dane, J., Kanel, S. R., Nadagouda, M. N., Cawdrey, R. W., Ambade, B., Struckhoff, G. C., & Wilkin, R. (2022) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151003 · Cited by 937 · see citing works
Activated carbon versus metal-organic frameworks: A review of their PFAS adsorption performance
Pauletto, P. S., & Bandosz, T. J. (2021) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127810 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Environmental impacts, exposure pathways, and health effects of PFOA and PFOS
Wee, S. Y., & Aris, A. Z. (2023) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115663 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Insight into the binding model of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to proteins and membranes
Zhao, L., Teng, M., Zhao, X., Li, Y., Sun, J., Zhao, W., Ruan, Y., Leung, K., & Wu, F. (2023) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2023.107951 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Habib, Z., Song, M., Ikram, S., & Zahra, Z. (2024) · Pollutants · doi:10.3390/pollutants4010009 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Teunen, L., Bervoets, L., Belpaire, C., De Jonge, M., & Groffen, T. (2021) · Environmental Sciences Europe · doi:10.1186/s12302-021-00477-z · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Mojiri, A., Zhou, J. L., Ozaki, N., KarimiDermani, B., Razmi, E., & Kasmuri, N. (2023) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138666 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Schwichtenberg, T., Bogdan, D., Carignan, C. C., Reardon, P., Rewerts, J., Wanzek, T., & Field, J. A. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c05697 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Yang, Y., & Cannon, F. S. (2021) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126161 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Sun, J., Kelly, B. C., Gobas, F. A. P. C., & Sunderland, E. M. (2022) · Environmental Science Processes & Impacts · doi:10.1039/d2em00047d · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Electrochemical remediation of perfluoroalkyl substances from water
Santiago, A. R., Medina, P. B., & Su, X. (2021) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139635 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Ivantsova, E., Lu, A., & Martyniuk, C. J. (2023) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140815 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Xing, Y., Zhou, Y., Zhang, X., Lin, X., Li, J.-Y., Liu, P., Lee, H. K., & Huang, Z. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167313 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Liang, X., Zhou, J., Yang, X., Jiao, W., Wang, T., & Zhu, L. Y. (2022) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130566 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Brown, A. S., Yun, X., McKenzie, E. R., Heron, C. G., Field, J. A., & Salice, C. J. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163149 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Saawarn, B., Mahanty, B., Hait, S., & Hussain, S. (2022) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.114004 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Zhou, J., Baumann, K., Mead, R. N., Skrabal, S. A., Kieber, R. J., Avery, G. B., Shimizu, M., DeWitt, J. C., Sun, M., Vance, S. A., et al. (2021) · Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts · doi:10.1039/d0em00497a · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Moro, G., Chiavaioli, F. E., Liberi, S., Zubiate, P., Villar, I. D., Angelini, A., Wael, K. D., Baldini, F., Moretto, L. M., & Giannetti, A. E. (2021) · Results in Optics · doi:10.1016/j.rio.2021.100123 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Langberg, H. A., Breedveld, G. D., Kallenborn, R., Ali, A., Choyke, S. J., McDonough, C. A., Higgins, C. P., Jenssen, B. M., Jartun, M., Allan, I. J., et al. (2024) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2024.108844 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Zhang, S., Gitungo, S., Dyksen, J. E., Raczko, R. F., & Axe, L. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18031288 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Graber, J. M., Black, T. M., Shah, N. N., Caban-Martinez, A. J., Lu, S., Brancard, T., Yu, C. H., Turyk, M. E., Black, K., Steinberg, M. B., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18073730 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Ohoro, C. R., Amaku, J. F., Conradie, J., Olisah, C., Akpomie, K., Malloum, A., Akpotu, S. O., Adegoke, K. A., Okeke, E., & Omotola, E. (2024) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.117040 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Torres, F. B. M., Guida, Y., Weber, R., & Torres, J. P. M. (2021) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132674 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Chiriac, F. L., Pirvu, F., Paun, I. C., & Petre, V. A. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164576 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Suman, T. Y., & Kwak, I. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137249 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in consumable species and food products
Torres, F. G., & De-la-Torre, G. E. (2022) · Journal of Food Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13197-022-05545-7 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Riaz, R., Junaid, M., Rehman, M. Y. A., Iqbal, T., Khan, J. A., Dong, Y., Yue, L., Chen, Y., Xu, N., & Malik, R. N. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159144 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Weatherly, L. M., Shane, H. L., Lukomska, E., Baur, R., & Anderson, S. (2022) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2022.113515 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids in fish species from the Baltic Sea and freshwaters in Finland
Kumar, E., Koponen, J. M., Rantakokko, P., Airaksinen, R., Ruokojärvi, P. H., Kiviranta, H., Vuorinen, P. J., Myllylä, T., Keinänen, M., Raitaniemi, J., et al. (2021) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132688 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Xiao, S., Liu, T., Hu, L., Yang, B., & Ying, G. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171876 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Chen, F., He, A., Wang, Y., Yu, W., Chen, H., Geng, F., Li, Z., Zhou, Z., Liang, Y., Fu, J., et al. (2022) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134176 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the Canadian Freshwater Environment
Lalonde, B. A., & Garron, C. (2022) · Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00244-022-00922-x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Dong, Z., Wang, J., Qiu, T., Wu, J., An, Y., Shi, X., Sun, X., Jiang, L., Liu, X., Yang, G., et al. (2022) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153933 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Güzel, B. (2025) · Water, Air and Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/s11270-025-08174-w · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Stults, J. F., Higgins, C., & Helbling, D. (2023) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00278 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Li, W., Liu, X., Mao, H., & Wang, S. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164416 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Zhao, Z., Li, J., Zhang, X., Wang, L., Wang, J., & Lin, T. (2022) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-022-20755-4 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Tao, Y., Pang, Y., Luo, M., Jiang, X., Huang, J., & Li, Z. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169581 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Sherman-Bertinetti, S. L., Kostelnik, E. G., Gruber, K. J., Balgooyen, S., & Remucal, C. K. (2024) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c02285 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Tan, H., Pan, C., Yin, C., & Yu, K. (2023) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics11020161 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Marín-García, M., Fàbregas, C., Argenté, C., Díaz-Ferrero, J., & Gómez‐Canela, C. (2023) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.117009 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Contaminants in fish from U.S. rivers: Probability-based national assessments
Stahl, L. L., Snyder, B. D., McCarty, H. B., Kincaid, T. M., Olsen, A. R., Cohen, T. R., & Healey, J. C. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160557 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Human health risk assessment of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
Polychronidou, V., & Nag, R. (2025) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180428 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Moseev, T. D., Вараксин, М. В., Gorlov, D. A., Чарушин, В. Н., & Чупахин, О. Н. (2020) · The Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.joc.0c01042 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Zhu, Y., Yang, D., Duan, X., Zhang, Y., Chen, D., Gong, Z., & Liu, C. (2021) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.110962 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Xiong, J., & Li, Z. (2024) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2024.119036 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Adeogun, A. O., Chukwuka, A. V., Ibor, O. R., Asimakopoulos, A. G., Zhang, J., & Arukwe, A. (2024) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123575 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Sigler, K., Messer, T. L., Ford, W., & Sanderson, W. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123129 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Lewis, A. J., Yun, X., Lewis, M. G., McKenzie, E. R., Spooner, D. E., Kurz, M. J., Suri, R., & Sales, C. M. (2023) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121938 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Characterization of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Chinese river and lake sediments.
Tulcan, R. X. S., Yarlequé, C., Lu, X.-X., Yeerkenbieke, G., Herrera, V. O., Gunarathne, V., & Yánez-Jácome, G. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137680 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Per- and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances in Portuguese Rivers: Spatial-Temporal Monitoring
Barbosa, M. O., Ratola, N., Homem, V., Pereira, M. F. R., Silva, A. M. T., Ribeiro, A. R. L., Llorca, M., & Farré, M. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28031209 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Qie, M., Jia, X., Li, X., Li, Y., Wu, X., Shi, Y., & Cai, Y. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172766 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Lin, X., Wang, S., Li, Q., Li, Y., Yamazaki, E., Yamashita, N., & Wang, X. (2021) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132812 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Emerging investigator series: electrochemically-mediated remediation of GenX using redox-copolymers
Medina, P. B., Cotty, S. R., Kim, K., Elbert, J., & Su, X. (2021) · Environmental Science Water Research & Technology · doi:10.1039/d1ew00544h · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Petali, J., Pulster, E. L., McCarthy, C., Pickard, H. M., Sunderland, E. M., Bangma, J., Carignan, C. C., Robuck, A. R., Crawford, K. A., Romano, M. E., et al. (2024) · Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management · doi:10.1002/ieam.4947 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Ly, C. Y. S., Alrazihi, L. A., Wong, S. T., & Wong, S. F. (2025) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1093/etojnl/vgaf172 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Temporal Trends of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Delaware River Fish, USA
MacGillivray, A. R. (2020) · Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management · doi:10.1002/ieam.4342 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Ehsan, M. N., Riza, M., Pervez, M. N., & Liang, Y. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13762-024-05851-x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Wang, N., Jagani, R., Nwobodo, N., & Ma, J. (2023) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115722 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Implementation of Matrix-Matched Semiquantification of PFAS in AFFF-Contaminated Soil
Capitain, C., Schüßler, M., Bugsel, B., Zweigle, J., Vogel, C., Leube, P., & Zwiener, C. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c14255 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Tang, J., Zhu, Y., Xiang, B., Li, Y., Tan, T., Xu, Y., & Li, M. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-07201-8 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Vi, P. T., Ngoc, N. T., Quang, P. D., Dam, N. T., Tue, N. M., Tuyến, L. H., Viet, P. H., & Anh, D. H. (2022) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113995 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Byns, C., Groffen, T., & Bervoets, L. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170611 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Kreychman, M., Ivantsova, E., Lu, A., Bisesi, J. H., & Martyniuk, C. J. (2024) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109874 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Martin, K. V., Hilbert, T. J., Reilly, M. J., Christian, W. J., Hoover, A., Pennell, K. G., Ding, Q., & Haynes, E. N. (2023) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-023-27880-8 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Cortisol levels reveal species-specific stress condition in fish from PFAS polluted rivers
Schumann, S., Negrato, E., Piva, E., Pietropoli, E., Bonato, M., Irato, P., Marion, A., Santovito, G., & Bertotto, D. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142925 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Petre, V. A., Chiriac, F. L., Lucaciu, I. E., Paun, I. C., Pirvu, F., Iancu, V. I., Novac, L., & Gheorghe, Ş. (2023) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods12071423 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Assessing Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Fish Fillet Using Non-Targeted Analyses
Boatman, A. K., Chappel, J. R., Polera, M. E., Dodds, J. N., Belcher, S. M., & Baker, E. S. (2024) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c04299 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Li, H., Yu, B., Yuan, Y., Chen, N., Guo, H., Zhang, H.-Q., & Zhang, Z. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-92678-2 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Timshina, A. S., Sobczak, W. J., Griffin, E. K., Lin, A. M., Townsend, T. G., & Bowden, J. A. (2023) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138307 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Gao, C., Quan, F., Qiu, W.-H., & Zheng, Y. (2025) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1021/envhealth.4c00224 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ferretti, F., Barbarossa, A., & Bardhi, A. (2026) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-026-37412-9 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Takdastan, A., Babaei, A. A., Jorfi, S., Ahmadi, M., Birgani, Y. T., & Jamshidi, B. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Health Research · doi:10.1080/09603123.2023.2168630 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
McFarlan, E., & Lemke, L. D. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175672 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
PFAS assessment in fish – Samples from Illinois waters
Sands, M., Zhang, X., Jensen, T., Frano, M. R. L., Lin, M., & Irudayaraj, J. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172357 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Surma, M., Hliwa, P., Sznajder‐Katarzyńska, K., Wiczkowski, W., Topolska, J., & Zieliński, H. (2021) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.5223 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Chiesa, L. M., Pavlović, R., Arioli, F., Nobile, M., Cesare, F. D., Mosconi, G., Falletta, E., Malandra, R., & Panseri, S. (2021) · International Journal of Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1111/ijfs.15532 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Desgens-Martin, V., Li, W., Medina, T., & Keller, A. A. (2023) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.3c00022 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Ivantsova, E., Sultan, A., & Martyniuk, C. J. (2025) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics13060436 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Infant formula and baby food as a source of perfluoroalkyl substances for infants
Mikołajczyk, S., Warenik-Bany, M., & Pajurek, M. (2022) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120810 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Gallocchio, F., Mancin, M., Belluco, S., Moressa, A., Angeletti, R., Lorenzetto, M., Arcangeli, G., Ferrè, N., Ricci, A., & Russo, F. (2021) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-021-17236-5 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Songdech, P., Jayasekara, L. A. C. B., Watchaputi, K., Butkinaree, C., Yingchutrakul, Y., & Soontorngun, N. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-03061-0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Phung, T. V., Nguyen, T. N., Thi, L. P., Pham, H. V., & Dương, H. A. (2021) · Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry · doi:10.1155/2021/5564994 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Chen, J., Liu, Y., Chao, L., Hou, L., Wang, Y., Chu, J., & Sun, J. (2024) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2024.119746 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Crawford, K. A., Gallagher, L. G., Giffard, N. G., Gardiner, C. L., Keirns, T., Fernando, S., Holsen, T. M., Petali, J., Chen, C. Y., & Romano, M. E. (2024) · Exposure and Health · doi:10.1007/s12403-024-00640-w · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Cheng, B., Alapaty, K., Zartarian, V. G., Poulakos, A. G., Strynar, M. J., & Buckley, T. J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13762-021-03710-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sardiña, P., Sharp, S., Saaristo, M., Coggan, T., Hoak, M., & Leahy, P. (2024) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125272 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
PFOA and PFOS Pollution in Surface Waters and Surface Water Fish
İkizoğlu, B. (2024) · Water · doi:10.3390/w16162342 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Interference of PFAS sorption on zeolites from natural water characteristics
Sheehan, N. P., Ponge, C. A., Pankratz, A., Hutchison, J. M., Laird, B. B., Nguyen, N. P., Shiflett, M. B., Timalsina, D., Wang, M., & Peltier, E. F. (2025) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144414 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
PFAS in the GCC: Towards environmental sustainability and public health protection
Abass, K. M., Almusleh, Y., Shanableh, A., & Semerjian, L. (2024) · Emerging contaminants · doi:10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100360 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Kasambala, H. R., Rwiza, M. J., Mpumi, N., Mwema, M. F., Machunda, R. L., Mtei, K., & Njau, K. N. (2024) · Environmental Challenges · doi:10.1016/j.envc.2024.100975 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Yao, Y., Wang, X., Liu, F., Zhang, W., Artigas, F. J., & Gao, Y. (2025) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179037 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Polyfluoroalkyl substances requiring a renewed focus on groundwater‐surface water interactions
Divine, C. E., Wadhawan, A., Pulikkal, V. F., Khambhammettu, P., & Erickson, J. (2023) · Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation · doi:10.1111/gwmr.12569 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Perfluoroalkyl substances in Baltic fish – the risk to consumers
Mikołajczyk, S., Warenik-Bany, M., & Pajurek, M. (2023) · Environmental science and pollution research international · doi:10.1007/s11356-023-26626-w · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in canned tuna and their impact on food safety
Nobile, M., Chiesa, L. M., Villa, R. E., Danesi, L., Arioli, F., & Panseri, S. (2024) · Food Control · doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110301 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Escher, B. I., Blackwell, B. R., Cavallin, J. E., Dann, J. P., Jahnke, A., Jenson, C. T., Jensen, K. M., Kahl, M. D., Krauss, M. K. V., König, M., et al. (2025) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1093/etojnl/vgaf255 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Jiang, L., Xu, Y., Zhang, X., Xu, B., Xu, X., & Ma, Y. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27175610 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Akbari, E., Shah, T., Nazaruk, K., Suri, R., Conkle, J. L., & Andaluri, G. (2025) · Water Air & Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/s11270-025-07835-0 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Dong, Z., Qiu, T.-M., Zhang, J.-Y., Sha, S., Han, X., Kang, J., Shi, X.-X., Sun, X.-C., Jiang, L.-P., Yang, G., et al. (2021) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2021.112540 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zhang, J.-E., Xie, Y., Zhang, J.-R., Ye, M., Diao, J.-Y., Wang, J., Sun, Q.-P., & Wang, T.-Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2024.1380232 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
- Authors
- Goodrow, S. M., Ruppel, B., Lippincott, R. L., Post, G. B., & Procopio, N. A.
- Affiliations
- New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (US)
- Corresponding author
- Procopio, Nicholas A.
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 729
- Pages
- 138839
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3021561529
- Cited by
- 165
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 7.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- State of New Jersey Department of State
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
- Keywords
- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS contamination, surface water, sediment, fish tissue, PFOS, perfluorooctanoic acid, PFHpA, PFPeA, perfluorodecanoic acid, perfluorododecanoic acid, fish consumption advisories, yellow perch, Anguilla rostrata, Lepomis gibbosus, largemouth bass, New Jersey
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Environmental Monitoring, Fluorocarbons, New Jersey, Perches, Water, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Alkanesulfonic Acids
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
