Cited by 353Blockchain Technology Applications and SecuritySmart Cities and TechnologiesBlockchain Technology in Education and Learning

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 232 of the 232 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Blockchain for smart cities: A review of architectures, integration trends and future research directions

Bhushan, Bharat, Khamparia, Aditya, Sagayam, K. Martin, Sharma, Sudhir Kumar, Ahad, Mohd Abdul, Debnath, Narayan C.·2020·Sustainable Cities and Society

DOI 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102360

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Abstract In recent years, smart city has emerged as a new paradigm to provide high quality facilities to the citizens by dynamically optimising the city resources. Smart cities can offer finest services for boosting the daily life of citizens on healthcare, transportation, energy consumption, and education. However, the concept of smart city is still evolving and despite its potential vision, there are proliferating security challenges. Blockchain has the potential to promote the development of smart cities owing to its good properties such as auditability, transparency, immutability and decentralization. Therefore, this paper presents the state-of-the-art blockchain technology to solve the security issues of smart cities. Initially, the paper throws light on the background knowledge and then surveys the utility of blockchain in various smart communities such as healthcare, transportation, smart grid, supply chain management, financial systems and data center networks. Finally, some future research directions are identified through extensive literature survey on blockchain based smart city systems.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102360

Cites

232 of 232 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash SystemPreprint
Nakamoto, S. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3440802 · Cited by 14,677
Identity-Based Cryptosystems and Signature Schemes
Adi Shamir, Z. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-39568-7_5 · Cited by 6,688
The Byzantine generals problem
Lamport, L., Shostak, R., & Pease, M. (1982) · ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems · doi:10.1145/357172.357176 · Cited by 6,023
Role-based access control models
Sandhu, R. S., Coyne, E. J., Feinstein, H. L., & Youman, C. E. (1996) · Computer · doi:10.1109/2.485845 · Cited by 5,927
DEFINING SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
Mentzer, J. T., Dewitt, W., Keebler, J. S., Min, S., Nix, N. W., Smith, C. D., & Zacharia, Z. G. (2001) · Journal of Business Logistics · doi:10.1002/j.2158-1592.2001.tb00001.x · Cited by 5,318
Attribute-based encryption for fine-grained access control of encrypted data
Goyal, V., Pandey, O., Sahai, A., & Waters, B. R. (2006) · ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS) · doi:10.1145/1180405.1180418 · Cited by 5,149
Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things
Christidis, K., & Devetsikiotis, M. (2016) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2016.2566339 · Cited by 4,552
The Sybil Attack
Douceur, J. R. (2002) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/3-540-45748-8_24 · Cited by 4,419
Smart Cities in Europe
Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., & Nijkamp, P. (2011) · Journal of Urban Technology · doi:10.1080/10630732.2011.601117 · Cited by 3,409
Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions
Nam, T., & Pardo, T. A. (2011) · Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research · doi:10.1145/2037556.2037602 · Cited by 2,885

Show all 232 references

Research works printed but not linked: 10

Buterin, 2017, Casper the friendly ﬁnality gadget, arXiv preprint
Castro, 1999, Vol. 99, 173
Chaudhary, 2018, LSCSH: Lattice-based secure cryptosystem for smart healthcare in smart cities environment, IEEE Communications Magazine, 56, 24, 10.1109/MCOM.2018.1700787 · DOI
Gaetani, 2017, Vol. 1816
Kakavand, 2017, The blockchain revolution: An analysis of regulation and technology related to distributed ledger technologies, SSRN Electronic Journal, 10.2139/ssrn.2849251 · DOI
Schwartz, 2014, Vol. 5
Su, 2017, Reaching approximate Byzantine consensus with multi-hop communication, Information and Computation, 255, 352, 10.1016/j.ic.2016.12.003 · DOI
Vasin, 2014, Vol. 71
Vora, 2018, BHEEM: A blockchain-based framework for securing electronic health records, 2018 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), 10.1109/GLOCOMW.2018.8644088 · DOI
Yang, 2018, Blockchain-based publicly verifiable data deletion scheme for cloud storage, Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 103, 185, 10.1016/j.jnca.2017.11.011 · DOI

Sorted by citations

Blockchain for the Internet of Vehicles Towards Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Survey
Mollah, M. B., Zhao, J., Niyato, D., Guan, Y. L., Yuen, C., Sun, S., Lam, K.-Y., & Koh, L. H. (2020) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.3028368 · Cited by 464
Enabling Technologies for Urban Smart Mobility: Recent Trends, Opportunities and Challenges
Paiva, S., Ahad, M. A., Tripathi, G., Feroz, N., & Casalino, G. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21062143 · Cited by 398
Self-citation
PPSF: a privacy-preserving and secure framework using blockchain-based machine-learning for IoT-driven smart cities
Kumar, P., Kumar, R., Srivastava, G., Gupta, G. P., Tripathi, R., Gadekallu, T. R., & Xiong, N. N. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnse.2021.3089435 · Cited by 360
Emerging Trends in Blockchain Technology and Applications: A Review and Outlook
Gad, A. G., Mosa, D. T., Abualigah, L., & Abohany, A. A. (2022) · Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jksuci.2022.03.007 · Cited by 328
Conceptualizing smart city applications: Requirements, architecture, security issues, and emerging trends
Haque, A. K. M. B., Bhushan, B., & Dhiman, G. (2022) · Expert Systems · doi:10.1111/exsy.12753 · Cited by 271
Self-citation
A Review of Urban Digital Twins Integration, Challenges, and Future Directions in Smart City Development
Mazzetto, S. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16198337 · Cited by 341
Technological advancements toward smart energy management in smart cities
Pandiyan, P., Saravanan, S., Usha, K., Kannadasan, R., Alsharif, M. H., & Kim, M.-K. (2023) · Energy Reports · doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2023.07.021 · Cited by 254
Smart contracts in energy systems: A systematic review of fundamental approaches and implementations
Kırlı, D., Couraud, B., Robu, V., Salgado-Bravo, M., Norbu, S., Andoni, M., Antonopoulos, I., Negrete-Pincetic, M., Flynn, D., & Kiprakis, A. E. (2022) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.112013 · Cited by 250
Smart city for sustainable environment: A comparison of participatory strategies from Helsinki, Singapore and London
Shamsuzzoha, A., Nieminen, J., Piya, S., & Rutledge, K. (2021) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2021.103194 · Cited by 214
Blockchain based solutions to secure IoT: Background, integration trends and a way forward
Saxena, S., Bhushan, B., & Ahad, M. A. (2021) · Journal of Network and Computer Applications · doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2021.103050 · Cited by 204
Self-citation
Blockchain technology in the future smart grids: A comprehensive review and frameworks
Hasankhani, A., Hakimi, S. M., Bisheh-Niasar, M., Shafie‐khah, M., & Asadolahi, H. (2021) · International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems · doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.106811 · Cited by 214
Untangling blockchain technology: A survey on state of the art, security threats, privacy services, applications and future research directions
Bhushan, B., Sinha, P., Sagayam, K. M., & Andrew, J. (2020) · Computers & Electrical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.compeleceng.2020.106897 · Cited by 201
Self-citation
A review on 5G technology for smart energy management and smart buildings in Singapore
Huseien, G. F., & Shah, K. W. (2022) · Energy and AI · doi:10.1016/j.egyai.2021.100116 · Cited by 187
Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts in Decentralized Governance Systems
Balcerzak, A. P., Nica, E., Rogalska, E., Poliak, M., Klieštik, T., & Sabie, O. M. (2022) · Administrative Sciences · doi:10.3390/admsci12030096 · Cited by 196
Blockchain-enabled decentralized identity management: The case of self-sovereign identity in public transportation
Stockburger, L., Kokosioulis, G., Mukkamala, A., Mukkamala, R. R., & Avital, M. (2021) · Blockchain: Research and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100014 · Cited by 172
A Survey on Blockchain-Based Trust Management for Internet of Things
Liu, Y., Wang, J., Yan, Z., Wan, Z., & Jäntti, R. (2023) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3237893 · Cited by 174
Exploratory literature review of blockchain in the construction industry
Scott, D. J., Broyd, T., & Ma, L. (2021) · Automation in Construction · doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103914 · Cited by 159
Blockchain for Waste Management in Smart Cities: A Survey
Ahmad, R. W., Salah, K., Jayaraman, R., Yaqoob, I., & Omar, M. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3113380 · Cited by 166
Towards people-centric smart city development: Investigating the citizens’ preferences and perceptions about smart-city services in Taiwan
Ji, T.-T., Chen, J.-H., Wei, H.-H., & Su, Y.-C. (2021) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2020.102691 · Cited by 127
Identification and Authentication in Healthcare Internet-of-Things Using Integrated Fog Computing Based Blockchain Model
Shukla, S., Thakur, S., Hussain, S., Breslin, J. G., & Jameel, S. M. (2021) · Internet of Things · doi:10.1016/j.iot.2021.100422 · Cited by 149
IoT and Big Data Applications in Smart Cities: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Critical Issues
Talebkhah, M., Sali, A. B., Marjani, M., Gordan, M., Hashim, S. J., & Rokhani, F. Z. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3070905 · Cited by 147
A systematic review of technologies and solutions to improve security and privacy protection of citizens in the smart city
Rizi, M. H. P., & Seno, S. A. H. (2022) · Internet of Things · doi:10.1016/j.iot.2022.100584 · Cited by 169
Investigation and analysis of effective approaches, opportunities, bottlenecks and future potential capabilities for digitalization of energy systems and sustainable development goals
Çelık, D., Meral, M. E., & Waseem, M. (2022) · Electric Power Systems Research · doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2022.108251 · Cited by 118
Networking Architectures and Protocols for IoT Applications in Smart Cities: Recent Developments and Perspectives
Kanellopoulos, D., Sharma, V. K., Panagiotakopoulos, T., & Kameas, A. (2023) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics12112490 · Cited by 120
Disruptive Technologies in Smart Cities: A Survey on Current Trends and Challenges
Radu, L.-D. (2020) · Smart Cities · doi:10.3390/smartcities3030051 · Cited by 124
Amalgamation of Advanced Technologies for Sustainable Development of Smart City Environment: A Review
Rani, S., Mishra, R. K., Usman, M. J., Kataria, A., Kumar, P., Bhambri, P., & Mishra, A. K. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3125527 · Cited by 127
Blockchain technology in the smart city: A bibliometric review
Rejeb, A., Rejeb, K., Simske, S. J., & Keogh, J. G. (2022) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-021-01251-2 · Cited by 104
Blockchain for the Internet of Vehicles: How to Use Blockchain to Secure Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communication and Payment?
Jabbar, R., Fetais, N., Kharbeche, M. B. M., Krichen, M., Barkaoui, K., & Shinoy, M. (2021) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2021.3062219 · Cited by 111
Assessing the usability of blockchain for sustainability: Extending key themes to the construction industry
Figueiredo, K. V., Hammad, A. W. A., HADDAD, A. N., & Tam, V. W. Y. (2022) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131047 · Cited by 109
A Survey on Role of Blockchain for IoT: Applications and Technical Aspects
Mathur, S., Kalla, A., Gür, G., Bohra, M. K., & Liyanage, M. (2023) · Computer Networks · doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2023.109726 · Cited by 112
Multiple Dimensions of Smart Cities’ Infrastructure: A Review
Kasznar, A., Hammad, A., Najjar, M. K., Qualharini, E. L., Figueiredo, K. V., Soares, C. A. P., & HADDAD, A. N. (2021) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings11020073 · Cited by 97
The Role of 6G Technologies in Advancing Smart City Applications: Opportunities and Challenges
Sharma, S. K., Popli, R., Singh, S. P., Chhabra, G., Saini, G. S., Singh, M., Sandhu, A., Sharma, A., & Kumar, R. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16167039 · Cited by 110
Self-citation
Blockchain technology for the industrial Internet of Things: A comprehensive survey on security challenges, architectures, applications, and future research directions
Latif, S., Idrees, Z., Huma, Z. E., & Ahmad, J. E. (2021) · Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies · doi:10.1002/ett.4337 · Cited by 96
Smart contract-based security architecture for collaborative services in municipal smart cities
Siddiqui, S., Hameed, S., Shah, S. A., Khan, A. K., & Aneiba, A. (2022) · Journal of Systems Architecture · doi:10.1016/j.sysarc.2022.102802 · Cited by 87
Investigating Smart City Development Based on Green Buildings, Electrical Vehicles and Feasible Indicators
Razmjoo, A., Nezhad, M. M., Kaigutha, L. G., Marzband, M., Mirjalili, S., Pazhoohesh, M., Memon, S., Ehyaei, M. A., & Piras, G. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13147808 · Cited by 90
A blockchain-based secure storage scheme for medical information
Sun, Z., Han, D., Li, D., Wang, X., Chang, C., & Wu, Z. (2022) · EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking · doi:10.1186/s13638-022-02122-6 · Cited by 84
A systematic literature review of the smart city transformation process: The role and interaction of stakeholders and technology
Dai, Y., Hasanefendic, S., & Bossink, B. A. G. (2023) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2023.105112 · Cited by 93
The State of the Art of Artificial Intelligence Approaches and New Technologies in Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges
Zinno, R., Haghshenas, S. S., Guido, G., Rashvand, K., Vitale, A., & Sarhadi, A. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13010097 · Cited by 82
Digital Technologies for Urban Metabolism Efficiency: Lessons from Urban Agenda Partnership on Circular Economy
D’Amico, G., Arbolino, R., Ши, Л., Yiğitcanlar, T., & Ioppolo, G. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13116043 · Cited by 88
Blockchain-Enabled Smart Grid Applications: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions
Appasani, B., Mishra, S. K., Jha, A. V., Mishra, S. K., Enescu, F. M., Sorlei, S. I., Bîrleanu, F. G., Takorabet, N., Thounthong, P., & Bizon, N. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14148801 · Cited by 79
Towards Secure and Intelligent Internet of Health Things: A Survey of Enabling Technologies and Applications
Zaman, U., Imran, I., Mehmood, F., Iqbal, N., Kim, J., & Ibrahim, M. (2022) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics11121893 · Cited by 79
Digitalisation driven urban metabolism circularity: A review and analysis of circular city initiatives
D’Amico, G., Arbolino, R., Ши, Л., Yiğitcanlar, T., & Ioppolo, G. (2021) · Land Use Policy · doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105819 · Cited by 78
A blockchain-based secure storage and access control scheme for supply chain finance
Li, D., Han, D., Crespi, N., Minerva, R., & Li, K. (2022) · The Journal of Supercomputing · doi:10.1007/s11227-022-04655-5 · Cited by 81
A Comparative Analysis on Blockchain versus Centralized Authentication Architectures for IoT-Enabled Smart Devices in Smart Cities: A Comprehensive Review, Recent Advances, and Future Research Directions
Khalil, U., Malik, O. A., Uddin, M., & Chen, C. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22145168 · Cited by 84
The Application of Blockchain Technology to Smart City Infrastructure
Alnahari, M., & Ariaratnam, S. T. (2022) · Smart Cities · doi:10.3390/smartcities5030049 · Cited by 81
Blockchain: Future of e-Governance in Smart Cities
Khanna, A., Sah, A., Bolshev, V. E., Jasiński, M., Vinogradov, A., Leonowicz, Z. M., & Jasiński, M. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su132111840 · Cited by 79
Blockchain and Internet of Things in smart cities and drug supply management: Open issues, opportunities, and future directions
Malik, H., Anees, T., Faheem, M., Chaudhry, M. U., Ali, A., & Asghar, M. N. (2023) · Internet of Things · doi:10.1016/j.iot.2023.100860 · Cited by 91
Potential integration of blockchain technology into smart sustainable city (SSC) developments: a systematic review
Wong, P. F., Chia, F. C., Kiu, M. S., & Lou, E. C. W. (2022) · Smart and Sustainable Built Environment · doi:10.1108/sasbe-09-2020-0140 · Cited by 66
Internet of Things and Blockchain Integration: Security, Privacy, Technical, and Design Challenges
Alzoubi, Y. I., Al‐Ahmad, A., Kahtan, H., & Jaradat, A. (2022) · Future Internet · doi:10.3390/fi14070216 · Cited by 73
BAuth-ZKP—A Blockchain-Based Multi-Factor Authentication Mechanism for Securing Smart Cities
Ahmad, M. O., Tripathi, G., Siddiqui, F., Alam, M. A., Ahad, M. A., Akhtar, M. M., & Casalino, G. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23052757 · Cited by 74
Self-citation
Blockchain Technology Immutability Framework Design in E-Government
Ahmad, D., Lutfiani, N., Ahmad, A. D. A. R., Rahardja, U., & Aini, Q. (2021) · Jurnal Administrasi Publik Public Administration Journal · doi:10.31289/jap.v11i1.4310 · Cited by 67
How blockchain technology can be a sustainable infrastructure for the agrifood supply chain in developing countries
Kumar, A., Srivastava, S. K., & Singh, S. (2022) · Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing · doi:10.1108/jgoss-08-2021-0058 · Cited by 37
Cyber security threat modeling in the AEC industry: An example for the commissioning of the built environment
Mantha, B. R. K., de Soto, B. G., & Karri, R. (2020) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2020.102682 · Cited by 53
Applications and Challenges of Cloud Integrated IoMT
Bharati, S., Podder, P., Mondal, M. R. H., & Paul, P. K. (2020) · Studies in systems, decision and control · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-55833-8_4 · Cited by 55
Massive Data Storage Solution for IoT Devices Using Blockchain Technologies
Maftei, A. A., Lavric, A., Petrariu, A. I., & Popa, V. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23031570 · Cited by 51
Systematic literature review on the security challenges of blockchain in IoT-based smart cities
Yu, Z., Song, L., Jiang, L., & Sharafi, O. K. (2021) · Kybernetes · doi:10.1108/k-07-2020-0449 · Cited by 54
Advanced Techniques for Monitoring and Management of Urban Water Infrastructures—An Overview
Hângan, A., Chiru, C.-G., Arsene, D. A., Czako, Z., Lisman, D. F., Mocanu, M., Pahonțu, B., Predescu, A., & Sebestyen, G. (2022) · Water · doi:10.3390/w14142174 · Cited by 53
Revising Technology Adoption Factors for IoT-Based Smart Campuses: A Systematic Review
Sneesl, R., Jusoh, Y. Y., Jabar, M. A., & Abdullah, S. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14084840 · Cited by 59
Techno-economic optimization of microgrid operation with integration of renewable energy, hydrogen storage, and micro gas turbine
Banihabib, R., Fadnes, F. S., & Assadi, M. (2024) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2024.121708 · Cited by 47
Innovation Trajectories for a Society 5.0
Felice, F. D., Travaglioni, M., & Petrillo, A. (2021) · Data · doi:10.3390/data6110115 · Cited by 52
Revolutionary Strategies Analysis and Proposed System for Future Infrastructure in Internet of Things
Kumar, A., Sharma, S. C., Singh, A. D., Alwadain, A. S., Choi, B. J., Breñosa, J., Ortega, A., & Goyal, N. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14010071 · Cited by 50
Self-citation
Blockchain enhanced price incentive demand response for building user energy network in sustainable society
Wen, S., Xiong, W., Tan, J., Chen, S., & Li, Q. (2021) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2021.102748 · Cited by 45
Blockchain cities: the futuristic cities driven by Blockchain, big data and internet of things
Alam, T. (2021) · GeoJournal · doi:10.1007/s10708-021-10508-0 · Cited by 45
EBDF: The enterprise blockchain design framework and its application to an e-Procurement ecosystem
Nodehi, T., Zutshi, A., Grilo, A., & Rizvanović, B. (2022) · Computers & Industrial Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.cie.2022.108360 · Cited by 52
Technology-enabled financing of sustainable infrastructure: A case for blockchains and decentralized oracle networks
Chung, K. H. Y., Li, D., & Adriaens, P. (2022) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122258 · Cited by 44
Blockchain Technology in Smart-Cities
Chinnasamy, P., Vinothini, C., Kumar, S. A., Sundarraj, A. A., Jeba, S. V. A., & Praveena, V. (2021) · Intelligent systems reference library · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-69395-4_11 · Cited by 46
Electricity powered by blockchain: A review with a European perspective
Roth, T., Utz, M., Baumgarte, F., Rieger, A., Sedlmeir, J., & Strüker, J. (2022) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119799 · Cited by 42
Prospects and obstacles analysis of applying blockchain technology to power trading using a deeply improved model based on the DEMATEL approach
Zhou, J., Wu, Y., Liu, F., Tao, Y., & Gao, J. (2021) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2021.102910 · Cited by 42
Smart City Middleware: A Survey and a Conceptual Framework
Goumopoulos, C. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3349376 · Cited by 45
Machine Learning Approaches for Smart City Applications: Emergence, Challenges and Opportunities
Mehta, S., Bhushan, B., & Kumar, R. (2022) · Intelligent systems reference library · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90119-6_12 · Cited by 41
Self-citation
A Blockchain-Based Architecture and Framework for Cybersecure Smart Cities
Bekkali, A. E., Essaaidi, M., & Boulmalf, M. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3296482 · Cited by 44
Attacks and Countermeasures in IoT Based Smart Healthcare Applications
Haque, A. B., Bhushan, B., Nawar, A., Talha, K. R., & Ayesha, S. J. (2022) · Intelligent systems reference library · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90119-6_6 · Cited by 40
Self-citation
State-of-the-art solutions of blockchain technology for data dissemination in smart cities: A comprehensive review
Shari, N. F. M., & Malip, A. (2022) · Computer Communications · doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2022.03.013 · Cited by 42
Twin transition in the built environment – Policy mechanisms, technologies and market views from a cold climate perspective
Paiho, S., Wessberg, N., Dubovik, M., Lavikka, R. H., & Naumer, S. (2023) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2023.104870 · Cited by 43
Security in the Internet of Things Application Layer: Requirements, Threats, and Solutions
Abbasi, M., Plaza-Hernández, M., Prieto, J., & Corchado, J. M. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3205351 · Cited by 41
Software Architecture and Non-Fungible Tokens for Digital Twin Decentralized Applications in the Built Environment
Teisserenc, B., & Sepasgozar, S. M. E. (2022) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings12091447 · Cited by 36
Towards a GDPR-Compliant Blockchain-Based COVID Vaccination Passport
Haque, A. B., Naqvi, B., Islam, A. K. M. N., & Hyrynsalmi, S. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11136132 · Cited by 37
Blockchain Technology Implementation in the Energy Sector: Comprehensive Literature Review and Mapping
Khezami, N., Gharbi, N., Neji, B., & Braïek, N. B. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su142315826 · Cited by 39
The Industry 5.0 (I50) paradigm, blockchain-based applications and the smart city
Visvizi, A., Malik, R., Guazzo, G. M., & Çekani, V. (2024) · European Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.1108/ejim-09-2023-0826 · Cited by 34
An Optimized and Decentralized Energy Provision System for Smart Cities
Swain, A., Salkuti, S. R., & Swain, K. P. (2021) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en14051451 · Cited by 34
Blockchain technology as an enabler for cross‐sectoral systems integration for developing smart sustainable cities
Khawaja, S., & Javidroozi, V. (2023) · IET Smart Cities · doi:10.1049/smc2.12059 · Cited by 33
Impact analysis of digital technology on smart city and renewable energy management
Huang, J., Koroteev, D. D., Харун, М., & Maksimenko, R. V. (2022) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0099010 · Cited by 31
Security enhancement technologies for smart contracts in the blockchain: A survey
Wang, Y., He, J., Zhu, N., Yi, Y., Zhang, Q., Song, H., & Xue, R. (2021) · Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies · doi:10.1002/ett.4341 · Cited by 35
Path To Gain Functional Transparency In Artificial Intelligence With Meaningful Explainability
Hosain, M. T., ANİK, M. H., RAFİ, S., TABASSUM, R., Insia, K., & SIDDIKY, M. M. (2023) · Journal of Metaverse · doi:10.57019/jmv.1306685 · Cited by 40
The City as a License. Implications of Blockchain and Distributed Ledgers for Urban Governance
Gloerich, I., de Waal, M., Ferri, G., Cila, N., & Karpinski, T. (2020) · Frontiers in Sustainable Cities · doi:10.3389/frsc.2020.534942 · Cited by 31
Blockchain Technology and Fashion Industry-Opportunities and Challenges
Tripathi, G., Nautiyal, V. T., Ahad, M. A., & Feroz, N. (2021) · Intelligent systems reference library · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-69395-4_12 · Cited by 30
Self-citation
Cyber-Physical Systems and Smart Cities in India: Opportunities, Issues, and Challenges
Ahmad, M. O., Ahad, M. A., Alam, M. A., Siddiqui, F., & Casalino, G. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21227714 · Cited by 35
Self-citation
Decentralized Global Copyright System Based on Consortium Blockchain With Proof of Authority
Islam, M. M., & In, H. P. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3270627 · Cited by 34
The Integration of Blockchain Technology and Smart Grid: Framework and Application
Du, X., Qi, Y., Chen, B., Shan, B., & Liu, X. (2021) · Mathematical Problems in Engineering · doi:10.1155/2021/9956385 · Cited by 29
A systematic review of smart city research from an urban context perspective
Han, M. J. N., & Kim, M. J. (2024) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2024.105027 · Cited by 28
An intelligent cloud computing of trunk logistics alliance based on blockchain and big data
Fu, D., Hu, S., Zhang, L., He, S., & Qiu, J. (2021) · The Journal of Supercomputing · doi:10.1007/s11227-021-03800-w · Cited by 28
A Review of Contemporary Governance Challenges in Oman: Can Blockchain Technology Be Part of Sustainable Solutions?
Goldsmith, L. T., Shaikh, A. K., Tan, H., & Raahemifar, K. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su141911819 · Cited by 28
Data Integrity Time Optimization of a Blockchain IoT Smart Home Network Using Different Consensus and Hash Algorithms
Kairaldeen, A. R., Abdullah, N. F., Abu-Samah, A., & Nordin, R. (2021) · Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing · doi:10.1155/2021/4401809 · Cited by 29
Green Balanced Scorecard: A Tool of Sustainable Information Systems for an Energy Efficient Business
Stavropoulou, E., Spinthiropoulos, K. G., Ragazou, K., Papademetriou, C., & Passas, I. (2023) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en16186432 · Cited by 27
Benefit and limitation of using blockchain in smart cities to improve citizen services
Bahrepour, D., & Maleki, R. (2024) · GeoJournal · doi:10.1007/s10708-024-11040-7 · Cited by 25
Synergizing AI, IoT, and Blockchain for Diagnosing Pandemic Diseases in Smart Cities: Challenges and Opportunities
Alrashdi, I., & Alqazzaz, A. (2024) · Sustainable Machine Intelligence Journal · doi:10.61356/smij.2024.77106 · Cited by 24
Opportunities and obstacles of blockchain use in pursuit of sustainable development goal 11: A systematic scoping review
Shahmohammadi, M., Salamattalab, M. M., Sohn, W., Kouhizadeh, M., & Aghamohammadi, N. (2024) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2024.105620 · Cited by 25
Blockchain for Cyber-Physical Systems: Challenges and Applications
Maleh, Y., Lakkineni, S., Tawalbeh, L., & El‐Latif, A. A. A. (2022) · Internet of things · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-93646-4_2 · Cited by 28
A New Area Towards to Digitalization of Energy Systems: Enables, Challenges and Solutions
Çelık, D., Meral, M. E., & Waseem, M. (2022) · International Conference on Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence (ECAI) · doi:10.1109/ecai54874.2022.9847313 · Cited by 24
A comprehensive survey on blockchain-based C-ITS applications: Classification, challenges, and open issues
BelMannoubi, S., Touati, H., Hadded, M., Toumi, K., Shagdar, O., & Kamoun, F. (2023) · Vehicular Communications · doi:10.1016/j.vehcom.2023.100607 · Cited by 23

Authors: Bhushan, B., Khamparia, A., Sagayam, K. M., Sharma, S. K., Ahad, M. A., & Debnath, N. C.
Affiliations: Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra (IN)
Lovely Professional University (IN)
Karunya University (IN)
Jamia Hamdard (IN)
Eastern International University (VN)
Corresponding author: Bhushan, Bharat
ORCID: Bhushan, Bharat
Khamparia, Aditya
Sagayam, K. Martin
Sharma, Sudhir Kumar
Ahad, Mohd Abdul
Debnath, Narayan C.
Venue: Sustainable Cities and Society
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2020-10
Volume: 61
Pages: 102360
ISSN: 2210-6707 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102360
OpenAlex: W3040649972
Semantic Scholar: 1a415ec978c083c81148ad9f29a7a807c1acd9f4
Cited by: 353
References: 232
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 78 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 11
FWCI: 50.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Sustainable Cities and Society (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Smart Cities and Technologies
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning
Keywords: blockchain, smart cities, smart city security, blockchain architecture, health care, transportation, smart grid, supply chain management, financial system, data center networks, decentralization (distributed systems), immutability, transparency

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Blockchain for smart cities: A review of architectures, integration trends and future research directions

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks