EULAR evidence-based recommendations for cardiovascular risk management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of inflammatory arthritis
Open accessAbstract
Objectives To develop evidence-based EULAR recommendations for cardiovascular (CV) risk management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA).Methods A multidisciplinary expert committee was convened as a task force of the EULAR Standing Committee for Clinical Affairs (ESCCA), comprising 18 members including rheumatologists, cardiologists, internists and epidemiologists, representing nine European countries. Problem areas and related keywords for systematic literature research were identified. A systematic literature research was performed using MedLine, Embase and the Cochrane library through to May 2008. Based on this literature review and in accordance with the EULAR's "standardised operating procedures", the multidisciplinary steering committee formulated evidence-based and expert opinion-based recommendations for CV risk screening and management in patients with inflammatory arthritis.Results Annual CV risk assessment using national guidelines is recommended for all patients with RA and should be considered for all patients with AS and PsA. Any CV risk factors identified should be managed according to local guidelines. If no local guidelines are available, CV risk management should be carried out according to the SCORE function. In addition to appropriate CV risk management, aggressive suppression of the inflammatory process is recommended to further lower the CV risk.Conclusions Ten recommendations were made for CV risk management in patients with RA, AS and PsA. The strength of the recommendations differed between RA on the one hand, and AS and PsA, on the other, as evidence for an increased CV risk is most compelling for RA.
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Autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, psoriasis, and antiphospholipid syndrome are characterized by enhanced atherosclerosis and higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than the general population.
“Autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, psoriasis, and antiphospholipid syndrome, are characterized by enhanced atherosclerosis and consequently higher CV morbidity and mortality rates compared with the general population.186 -188”
From ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias (2011) · cites this paper as [186]
Autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, psoriasis, and anti-phospholipid syndrome are characterized by enhanced atherosclerosis and higher CV morbidity and mortality compared with the general population.
“Autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, psoriasis and anti-phospholipid syndrome, are characterized by enhanced atherosclerosis and consequently higher CV morbidity and mortality rates compared with the general population. 383-385”
From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [385]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Peters, M. J. L., Symmons, D. P. M., McCarey, D., Dijkmans, B. A. C., Nicola, P., Kvien, T. K., McInnes, I. B., Haentzschel, H., Gonzalez-Gay, M. A., Provan, S., Semb, A., Sidiropoulos, P., Kitas, G., Smulders, Y. M., Soubrier, M., Szekanecz, Z., Sattar, N., & Nurmohamed, M. T.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Glasgow Royal Infirmary (GB)
- University of Lisbon (PT)
- Diakonhjemmet Hospital (NO)
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- University Hospital Leipzig (DE)
- University of Crete (GR)
- Russells Hall Hospital (GB)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand (FR)
- University of Debrecen (HU)
- Corresponding author
- Nurmohamed, M T
- ORCID
- Venue
- Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 325-331
- ISSN
- 0003-4967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2170108033
- Cited by
- 1,325
- References
- 107
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 78 · 2017: 121 · 2016: 153 · 2015: 120 · 2014: 123 · 2013: 107 · 2012: 129
- FWCI
- 62.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- University of Debrecen Electronic Archive (University of Debrecen) (submittedVersion)
- University of Debrecen Electronic Archive (University of Debrecen) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- European League Against Rheumatism
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Spondyloarthritis Studies and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Gout, Hyperuricemia, Uric Acid
- Keywords
- cardiovascular risk management, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory arthritis, cardiovascular risk screening, cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation reduction, EULAR recommendations
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Antihypertensive Agents, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Male, Risk Management, Spondylitis, Ankylosing, Arthritis, Psoriatic, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Evidence-Based Medicine
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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