The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Shift work disorder, depression, and anxiety in the transition to rotating shifts: the role of sleep reactivity
Open accessAbstract
Aim The aim of this study is to investigate premorbid sleep reactivity as a vulnerability to incident shift work disorder (SWD), and related changes in depression as well as anxiety following a transition to a rotating shifts work schedule.Methods This is a longitudinal study with two waves of data collection. The community-based sample included normal sleeping non-shift workers (N = 96; 62.5% female; 47.9 ± 13.3 years) without a lifetime history of insomnia or baseline excessive daytime sleepiness who transitioned to rotating shift work one year later. Participants reported demographic characteristics, trait sleep reactivity on the Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test, depression symptoms on the Quick Inventory of Depression Symptomatology, and anxiety symptoms on the Beck Anxiety Inventory. SWD was determined based on significant sleep disturbance and/or excessive sleepiness in the context of working in a rotating-shift schedule.Results Analyses revealed that the odds were over five times greater for highly sleep-reactive individuals to develop SWD after transitioning to rotating shifts (OR = 5.59, p = 0.04). Nearly 90% of participants who suffered from SWD were accurately identified as high risk at one year before disease onset. Furthermore, individuals who developed SWD reported greater increases in symptoms of depression and anxiety. Finally, analyses revealed significant indirect effects wherein high sleep reactivity increased risk for SWD, which led to greater severity of anxiety and depression symptoms.Conclusions The Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST) accurately identifies a focused target population in which the premorbid psychobiological processes complicit in SWD onset and progression, as well as shift work-related depression and anxiety changes, can be better investigated, thus improving future preventative efforts.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“For example, a longitudinal study of day shift workers without prior sleep disturbances who transitioned to rotating shift work schedules reported elevated anxiety along with disordered sleep98.”
From Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [98]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Although it is unclear whether disruption of cortisol rhythms is causally involved, it is generally believed that shift work leads to heightened stress reactivity and—in those who are especially susceptible—the development of insomnia and shift work disorder [96].”
From Shift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-being (2017) · cites this paper as [96]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A New Method for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Johns, M. W. (1991) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/14.6.540 · Cited by 17,364
An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties.
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.56.6.893 · Cited by 14,407
Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: myths and truths about mediation analysis
Zhao, X., Lynch, J. G., & Chen, Q. (2010) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/651257 · Cited by 12,583
Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations.
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.7.4.422 · Cited by 11,335
Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical Mediation Analysis in the New Millennium
Hayes, A. F. (2009) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637750903310360 · Cited by 9,757
A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects
MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.7.1.83 · Cited by 9,406
Confidence Limits for the Indirect Effect: Distribution of the Product and Resampling Methods
MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., & Williams, J. (2004) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr3901_4 · Cited by 7,806
The International Classification of Sleep Disorders
Daroff, R. B. (1991) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.41.1.160 · Cited by 5,023
Equivalence of the Mediation, Confounding and Suppression Effect
MacKinnon, D. P., Krull, J. L., & Lockwood, C. M. (2000) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1023/a:1026595011371 · Cited by 4,188
Rush, A. J., Trivedi, M. H., Ibrahim, H. M., Carmody, T. J., Arnow, B., Klein, D. N., Markowitz, J. C., Ninan, P. T., Kornstein, S., Manber, R., et al. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01866-8 · Cited by 3,829
Baglioni, C., Battagliese, G., Feige, B., Spiegelhalder, K., Nissen, C., Voderholzer, U., Lombardo, C., & Riemann, D. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.01.011 · Cited by 2,779
International Classification of Sleep Disorders
Thorpy, M. (2017) · Sleep Disorders Medicine · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6578-6_27 · Cited by 2,505
Mediation Analysis in Social Psychology: Current Practices and New Recommendations
Rucker, D. D., Preacher, K. J., Tormala, Z. L., & Petty, R. E. (2011) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00355.x · Cited by 2,430
Reliability and factor analysis of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale.
Johns, M. (1992) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/15.4.376 · Cited by 2,193
Estimating Mediated Effects in Prevention Studies
MacKinnon, D. P., & Dwyer, J. H. (1993) · Evaluation Review · doi:10.1177/0193841x9301700202 · Cited by 1,936
Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: A longitudinal epidemiological study of young Adults
Breslau, N., Roth, T., Rosenthal, L., & Andreski, P. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00188-3 · Cited by 1,831 · cited 1×
“The observed elevations in depressed and anxious mood among participants with inadequate and inefficient sleep and related daytime drowsiness are consistent with a large body of research highlighting the detrimental effects of poor sleep on psychological wellbeing [18,46–48], thus highlighting the importance of identi…”
RMediation: An R package for mediation analysis confidence intervals
Tofighi, D., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2011) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-011-0076-x · Cited by 1,419
A General Model for Testing Mediation and Moderation Effects
Fairchild, A. J., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2009) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-008-0109-6 · Cited by 918
Shift Work Sleep Disorder: Prevalence and Consequences Beyond that of Symptomatic Day Workers
Drake, C. L., Roehrs, T., Richardson, G., Walsh, J. K., & Roth, T. (2004) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.8.1453 · Cited by 860
Self-citationJohns, M. W. (2000) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2000.00177.x · Cited by 822
Functional Neuroimaging Evidence for Hyperarousal in Insomnia
Nofzinger, E. A., Buysse, D. J., Germain, A., Price, J. C., Miewald, J. M., & Kupfer, D. J. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.11.2126 · Cited by 752 · cited 1×
“Specifically, Nofzinger and colleagues [45] showed that wake-promoting brain regions in insomniacs showed smaller metabolic decreases when transitioning from wakefulness to sleep.”
Archer, S. N., Robilliard, D. L., Skene, D. J., Smits, M. G., Williams, A., Arendt, J., & von Schantz, M. (2003) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/26.4.413 · Cited by 734
Quantitative criteria for insomnia
Lichstein, K. L., Durrence, H. H., Taylor, D. J., Bush, A. J., & Riedel, B. W. (2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00023-2 · Cited by 531
Self-reported sleep disturbance as a prodromal symptom in recurrent depression
Perlis, M. L., Giles, D. E., Buysse, D. J., Tu, X. M., & Kupfer, D. J. (1997) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(96)01411-5 · Cited by 523
PER3 polymorphism predicts sleep structure and waking performance
Viola, A. U., Archer, S. N., James, L. M., Groeger, J. A., Lo, J. C. Y., Skene, D. J., von Schantz, M., & Dijk, D.-J. (2007) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.01.073 · Cited by 520
Vulnerability to Stress-related Sleep Disturbance and Hyperarousal
Drake, C., Richardson, G., Roehrs, T., Scofield, H., & Roth, T. (2004) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.2.285 · Cited by 469
Self-citationA Time to Work: Recent Trends in Shift Work and Flexible Schedules
McMenamin, T. M. (2007) · Monthly labor review · Cited by 389
Stress and Sleep Reactivity: A Prospective Investigation of the Stress-Diathesis Model of Insomnia
Drake, C. L., Pillai, V., & Roth, T. G. (2014) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.3916 · Cited by 363
Self-citationPERIOD3, circadian phenotypes, and sleep homeostasis
Dijk, D., & Archer, S. N. (2009) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2009.07.002 · Cited by 254
Cognitive-Emotional Hyperarousal as a Premorbid Characteristic of Individuals Vulnerable to Insomnia
Fernández-Mendoza, J., Vela-Bueno, A., Vgontzas, A. N., Ramos-Platón, M. J., Olavarrieta-Bernardino, S., Bixler, E. O., & De la Cruz-Troca, J. J. (2010) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181d75319 · Cited by 234
Sleep and Reported Daytime Sleepiness in Normal Subjects: the Sleep Heart Health Study
Walsleben, J. A., Kapur, V. K., Newman, A. B., Shahar, E., Bootzin, R. R., Rosenberg, C., O’Connor, G. T., & Nieto, F. J. (2004) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.2.293 · Cited by 197
Melatonin Rhythms in Night Shift Workers
Sack, R. L., Blood, M. L., & Lewy, A. J. (1992) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/15.5.434 · Cited by 181
Tolerance to shift work?how does it relate to sleep and wakefulness?
Axelsson, J., �kerstedt, T., Kecklund, G., & Lowden, A. (2004) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-003-0482-1 · Cited by 178
Pillai, V., Roth, T. G., Mullins, H. M., & Drake, C. L. (2014) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.3838 · Cited by 139
Self-citationSituational insomnia: consistency, predictors, and outcomes
Bonnet, M. H., & Arand, D. L. (2003) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/26.8.1029 · Cited by 135
Schwartz, J. R. L., & Roth, T. G. (2006) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-200666180-00007 · Cited by 133
Predictors of objective sleep tendency in the general population
Punjabi, N. M., Bandeen-Roche, K., & Young, T. (2003) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/26.6.678 · Cited by 120
Shift Work, Shift-Work Disorder, and Jet Lag
Drake, C. L., & Wright, K. P. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-6645-3.00071-2 · Cited by 109
Self-citationBambra, C. L., Whitehead, M. M., Sowden, A. J., Akers, J., & Petticrew, M. P. (2008) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2007.067249 · Cited by 107
Stress-related sleep disturbance and polysomnographic response to caffeine
Drake, C. L., Jefferson, C., Roehrs, T., & Roth, T. G. (2006) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2006.03.019 · Cited by 103
Self-citationThe Nature of Stable Insomnia Phenotypes
Pillai, V., Roth, T. G., & Drake, C. L. (2014) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.4338 · Cited by 101
Self-citationIdentifying At-Risk Individuals for Insomnia Using the Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test
Kalmbach, D. A., Pillai, V., Arnedt, J. T., & Drake, C. L. (2016) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.5462 · Cited by 80
Self-citationSelf‐reported sleep and health among Norwegian hospital nurses in intensive care units
Bjorvatn, B., Dale, S., Hogstad‐Erikstein, R., Fiske, E., Pallesen, S., & Waage, S. (2012) · Nursing in Critical Care · doi:10.1111/j.1478-5153.2012.00504.x · Cited by 75
Transient Insomnia Associated with a 3-Hour Phase
Walsh, J. K., Schweitzer, P. K., Sugerman, J. L., & Muehlbach, M. J. (1990) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/00004714-199006000-00005 · Cited by 67
Sleepiness/Alertness on a Simulated Night Shift Schedule and Morningness–Eveningness Tendency
Hilliker, N. A. J., Muehlbach, M. J., Schweitzer, P. K., & Walsh, J. K. (1992) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/15.5.430 · Cited by 52
The use of triazolam in phase-advanced sleep
BONNET, M. (1988) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/0893-133x(88)90021-8 · Cited by 30
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Kalmbach D.A., Pillai V., Arnedt J.T., et al. Identifying at-risk individuals for insomnia using the Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test. Sleep in press.
- Hobson, 1998, Stressful life events: a revision and update of the social readjustment rating scale, Int J Stress Manag, 5, 1, 10.1023/A:1022978019315 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health
Walker, W. H., Walton, J. C., DeVries, A. C., & Nelson, R. J. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0694-0 · Cited by 1,030
Touitou, Y., Reinberg, A., & Touitou, D. (2017) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2017.02.008 · Cited by 738
Kalmbach, D. A., Anderson, J. R., & Drake, C. L. (2018) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12710 · Cited by 620
“…also shows that high sleep reactivity directly increases the risk of mental illness, although some data suggest that this relationship is partly mediated by developing sleep pathology (Drake et al., 2013; Kalmbach et al., 2015; Kalmbach, Pillai, Arnedt, Anderson et al., 2016; Vargas et al., 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationShift Work: Disrupted Circadian Rhythms and Sleep—Implications for Health and Well-being
James, S. M., Honn, K. A., Gaddameedhi, S., & Van Dongen, H. P. A. (2017) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-017-0071-6 · Cited by 517
Sleep and anxiety: From mechanisms to interventions
Chellappa, S. L., & Aeschbach, D. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101583 · Cited by 509
Metadata
- Authors
- Kalmbach, D. A., Pillai, V., Cheng, P., Arnedt, J. T., & Drake, C. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Henry Ford Hospital (US)
- Henry Ford Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Drake, Christopher L.
- Venue
- Sleep Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-12
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1532-1538
- ISSN
- 1389-9457 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4803034
- OpenAlex
- W2118886536
- Cited by
- 205
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 17.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Merck (50562, R01 MH082785)
- National Institute of Mental Health (50562, R01 MH082785)
- National Institutes of Health (50562, R01 MH082785)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- shift work disorder, rotating shifts, sleep reactivity, depression, anxiety, excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Depression, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Work Schedule Tolerance, Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
