PER3 polymorphism predicts sleep structure and waking performance
Open accessAbstract
Circadian rhythmicity and sleep homeostasis interact to regulate sleep-wake cycles [1-4], but the genetic basis of individual differences in sleep-wake regulation remains largely unknown [5]. PERIOD genes are thought to contribute to individual differences in sleep timing by affecting circadian rhythmicity [6], but not sleep homeostasis [7, 8]. We quantified the contribution of a variable-number tandem-repeat polymorphism in the coding region of the circadian clock gene PERIOD3 (PER3) [9, 10] to sleep-wake regulation in a prospective study, in which 24 healthy participants were selected only on the basis of their PER3 genotype. Homozygosity for the longer allele (PER3(5/5)) had a considerable effect on sleep structure, including several markers of sleep homeostasis: slow-wave sleep (SWS) and electroencephalogram (EEG) slow-wave activity in non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep and theta and alpha activity during wakefulness and REM sleep were all increased in PER3(5/5) compared to PER3(4/4) individuals. In addition, the decrement of cognitive performance in response to sleep loss was significantly greater in the PER3(5/5) individuals. By contrast, the circadian rhythms of melatonin, cortisol, and peripheral PER3 mRNA expression were not affected. The data show that this polymorphism in PER3 predicts individual differences in the sleep-loss-induced decrement in performance and that this differential susceptibility may be mediated by its effects on sleep homeostasis.
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The PER3 VNTR polymorphism has been associated with individual differences in sleep homeostatic and executive performance responses to acute total sleep deprivation.
“the PER3 VNTR polymorphism has been associated with individual differences in sleep homeostatic and executive performance responses to acute total sleep deprivation.143,144”
From Circadian rhythms, sleep deprivation, and human performance (2013) · cites this paper as [143]
Individuals with a variable-number tandem-repeat polymorphism of Per3 display elevated slow wave sleep and slow wave activity and more severe cognitive decrements in response to sleep deprivation than unaffected individuals.
“Individuals with a variable-number tandem-repeat polymorphism of Per3 display elevated slow wave sleep and slow wave activity and more severe cognitive decrements in response to sleep deprivation than unaffected individuals (Viola et al., 2007).”
From Biological rhythms, higher brain function, and behavior: Gaps, opportunities, and challenges (2009) · cites this paper as Viola et al., 2007
Circadian rhythms, insofar as they have been assessed, do not seem to be abnormal in individuals with the Per3 polymorphism.
“However, circadian rhythms, insofar as they have been assessed, do not seem to be abnormal in these individuals.”
From Biological rhythms, higher brain function, and behavior: Gaps, opportunities, and challenges (2009) · cites this paper as Viola et al., 2007
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- Authors
- Viola, A. U., Archer, S. N., James, L. M., Groeger, J. A., Lo, J. C. Y., Skene, D. J., von Schantz, M., & Dijk, D.-J.
- Affiliations
- University of Surrey (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Dijk, Derk-Jan
- Venue
- Current Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-04
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 613-618
- ISSN
- 0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2139003235
- Cited by
- 520
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 52
- FWCI
- 19.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 2335 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Current Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BSS/B/08523)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- Per3, variable number tandem repeats, clock genes, sleep homeostasis, sleep-wake regulation, slow-wave sleep, EEG slow-wave activity, REM sleep, wakefulness, sleep deprivation, cognitive performance, individual differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Electroencephalography, Female, Homeostasis, Homozygote, Humans, Male, Nuclear Proteins, Polymorphism, Genetic, Prospective Studies, RNA, Messenger, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep, REM, Transcription Factors, Wakefulness, Minisatellite Repeats, Period Circadian Proteins
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