Shift Work Sleep Disorder: Prevalence and Consequences Beyond that of Symptomatic Day Workers
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Although there are considerable data demonstrating the impact of shift work on sleep and alertness, little research has examined the prevalence and consequences of shift work sleep disorder in comparison to the difficulties with insomnia and excessive sleepiness experienced by day workers. The present study was designed to determine the relative prevalence and negative consequences associated with shift work sleep disorder in a representative sample drawn from the working population of metropolitan Detroit. DESIGN: Random-digit dialing techniques were used to assess individuals regarding their current work schedules and a variety of sleep- and non-sleep-related outcomes. SETTING: Detroit tricounty population. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2,570 individuals aged 18 to 65 years from a representative community-based sample including 360 people working rotating shifts, 174 people working nights, and 2036 working days. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Using standardized techniques, individuals were assessed for the presence of insomnia and excessive sleepiness, based on DSM-IV and ICSD criteria. Those individuals with either insomnia or excessive sleepiness and who were currently working rotating or night schedules were classified as having shift work sleep disorder. Occupational, behavioral, and health-related outcomes were also measured. Individuals who met criteria for shift work sleep disorder had significantly higher rates of ulcers (odds ratio = 4.18, 95% confidence interval = 2.00-8.72), sleepiness-related accidents, absenteeism, depression, and missed family and social activities more frequently compared to those shift workers who did not meet criteria (P < .05). Importantly, in most cases, the morbidity associated with shift work sleep disorder was significantly greater than that experienced by day workers with identical symptoms. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that individuals with shift work sleep disorder are at risk for significant behavioral and health-related morbidity associated with their sleep-wake symptomatology. Further, it suggests that the prevalence of shift work sleep disorder is approximately 10% of the night and rotating shift work population.
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Chronic shift-workers are vulnerable to various diseases, including psychiatric disorders such as depression.
“For example, chronic shift-workers (workers with rotating schedules or consistent night shifts) are vulnerable to various diseases13,14, including psychiatric disorders such as depression15–19.”
From Rhythms of life: circadian disruption and brain disorders across the lifespan (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
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- Authors
- Drake, C. L., Roehrs, T., Richardson, G., Walsh, J. K., & Roth, T.
- Affiliations
- Wayne State University (US)
- Henry Ford Hospital (US)
- St. Luke's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Drake, Christopher L.
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-12
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1453-1462
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- OpenAlex
- W1630205487
- Cited by
- 860
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 54
- FWCI
- 24.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (K23-06872, 59338)
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- shift work disorder, prevalence, insomnia, excessive sleepiness, rotating shifts, night work, day laborers, absenteeism, depression, ulcers, occupational health, Detroit
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Arousal, Female, Habits, Health Status, Humans, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Male, Middle Aged, Occupational Diseases, Population Surveillance, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Prevalence, Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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