The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 1 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary.
Open accessAbstract
Consensus recommendations on sufficient sleep duration across the lifespan using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method.
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Claims the paper makes
39 Own result · 9 Own interpretation · 5 Own method · 5 No basis given · 1 No full text of the sources
- Probably not a substantial claim. 58
- It may state two separate claims as one. 5
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“infants between 12 and 15 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“7 to 8 hours of sleep for older adults”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“school-aged children between 9 and 11 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For teenagers, 8 to 10 hours was considered appropriate”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“preschoolers between 10 and 13 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“7 to 9 hours for young adults and adults”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“toddlers between 11 and 14 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The panel agreed that, for healthy individuals with normal sleep, the appropriate sleep duration for newborns is between 14 and 17 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Panelists performed the firstround vote independently.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A research assistant performed data entry, and a supervisor checked entries to ensure accuracy and completeness.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The RAND appropriateness method is a well-recognized technique for systematically analyzing experts' interpretations of extant research.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [1] 1. Fitch K, Bernstein SJ, Aquilar MD, et al. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method user's manual. Santa Monica, CA: The RAND Corporation; 2001.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The recommendations reported here represent guidelines for healthy individuals and those not suffering from a sleep disorder.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sleep's restorative properties undoubtedly also depend on sleep quality, sleep architecture, and the timing of sleep within the day.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Importantly, the panel emphasized that some individuals might sleep longer or shorter than the recommended times with no adverse effects.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, individuals with sleep durations far outside the normal range may be engaging in volitional sleep restriction or have serious health problems.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These factors, however, are more difficult to estimate from cohort studies that use self-reported data.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This data disparity is particularly important when interpreting laboratory-based findings.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Intervention studies using laboratory measured sleep time typically produce shorter sleep durations.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sufficient sleep duration requirements vary across the lifespan and from person to person.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A systematic literature review was conducted by a nonvoting, independent review team led by John Herman, PhD, from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, with assistance from colleagues Chelsea Vaughn, PhD, and David Brown, PhD.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An individual who intentionally restricts sleep over a prolonged period may be compromising his or her health and well-being.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Inclusion criteria were (a) normal, nondisordered population; (b) published in a peer-reviewed journal; (c) human subjects; and (d) English language.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed, which biases data toward higher sleep duration estimates.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A project team member followed up with panelists to resolve missing or discrepant scores.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
Actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed.
“actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed”
The paper relies on this without support.
Sleep is a vital part of physical, cognitive, and emotional health.
“Sleep, like diet and exercise, is a vital part of physical, cognitive, and emotional health.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The literature, especially cohort and population studies, often do not distinguish between time in bed and actual sleep time.
“The literature, especially cohort and population studies, often do not distinguish between time in bed and actual sleep time.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Intervention studies using laboratory measured sleep time typically produce shorter sleep durations.
“intervention studies using laboratory measured sleep time will typically produce shorter sleep durations”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“Nonetheless, even if one conservatively assumes that the average increase in actual nightly sleep was 67 min relative to what we observed in our student samples using wrist actigraphy, it still means that 62% of students in these samples were still getting less than 8 h of total nightly sleep, the minimum recommendation for young adult nightly sleep (26).”
From Nightly sleep duration predicts grade point average in the first year of college (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Current sleep recommendations outline the need for healthy adults to achieve seven to nine h of sleep per night [2].”
From The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The recommended total sleep for children aged 6- to 13-years-old is 9–11 hours, whereas the recommended sleep for adolescents aged 14–17 is approximately 8–10 hours.15”
From Middle school start times and young adolescent sleep, behavioral health, and academic performance outcomes: a narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The recommended total sleep for children aged 6- to 13-years-old is 9–11 hours, whereas the recommended sleep for adolescents aged 14–17 is approximately 8–10 hours.15”
From Middle school start times and young adolescent sleep, behavioral health, and academic performance outcomes: a narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Sleep medicine guidelines indicate that adolescents should be getting 8 to 10 h of nightly sleep (26), but first-year college students in the present samples slept on average 6 h and 37 min each night (SD = 51 min).”
From Nightly sleep duration predicts grade point average in the first year of college (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“current recommendations suggest that adolescents require 8-10 h of sleep to function optimally [3,4].”
From Later School Start Times as a Public Health Intervention to Promote Sleep Health in Adolescents (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Early school start times during the academic year are in direct conflict with the biologically driven circadian shift towards later bedtimes and later wake-up times among adolescents, directly constraining their opportunity for sufficient sleep duration [3,4].”
From Later School Start Times as a Public Health Intervention to Promote Sleep Health in Adolescents (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Other important developmental changes occur as well, such as an increased need for sleep (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
From Health lifestyles across the transition to adulthood: implications for health (2017) · cites this paper as Hirshkowitz et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“Guidelines from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the Sleep Research Society state that regularly sleeping fewer than 7 h per night is associated with a higher risk of weight gain and other adverse health outcomes [116].”
From Dietary and Behavioral Strategies for Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance: A Narrative Review (2025) · cites this paper as [116]
In the citing paper
“For sleep to have a restorative effect on the body, it must be of adequate duration and quality; particularly for athletes whose physical and mental recovery needs may be greater due to the high physiological and psychological demands placed on them during training and competition.”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Sleep disturbances and short sleep duration are behavioural risk factors for inflammation, associated with increased risk of illness and disease, which can be modified to promote sleep health.”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Similar to nutrition, sleep disturbances (difficulty initiating or maintain sleep) and sleep deprivation (not getting enough sleep) are risk factors for inflammation [18,42], which can be treated or managed to promote recovery and/or performance.”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“For sleep to have a restorative effect on the body, it must be of adequate duration which is dependent on age [28,42].”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Sleep recommendations particularly the amount of sleep required, change over the lifespan from adolescents (8–10 h), adults (7–9 h), and older adults (7–8 h) [42].”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“Divergent opinion among panelists was defined as more than 20% (ie, 3 of 18 panel members) voting outside any 3-point range (ie, 1-3, 4-6, or 7-9) of the median.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Results
Reported 20 · recomputed 16.666667
Citations
Cites
Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't
Sackett, D. L., Rosenberg, W. M. C., Gray, J. A. M., Haynes, R. B., & Richardson, W. S. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7023.71 · Cited by 15,769
Yeh, M. (2014) · Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/jnr.0000000000000065 · Cited by 3,836
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 3,101–3,200 of 4,366
Choo-Kang, C., Crowley, S. J., Reutrakul, S., Rae, D. E., Lambert, E. V., Sinyanya, N., Bovet, P., Viswanathan, B., Bedu-Addo, K., Plange‐Rhule, J., et al. (2025) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2025.02.002 · Cited by 1
Dalton, K. R., Chang, V. C., Lee, M. K., Maki, K. A., Saint‐Maurice, P. F., Purandare, V., Hua, X., Wan, Y., Dagnall, C. L., Jones, K. M., et al. (2025) · SLEEP Advances · doi:10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf023 · Cited by 1
The impact of fire drills on firefighters’ performance
Ramohale, M. R., Mokaleng, B. B., & Monnye, N. F. (2025) · Jàmbá Journal of Disaster Risk Studies · doi:10.4102/jamba.v17i2.1825 · Cited by 1
Vacca, M., Zagaria, A., Fiori, V., Lombardo, C., & Ballesio, A. (2025) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2025.2498364 · Cited by 1
“Indeed, the participants of our study reported lower hours of sleep for night (i.e., 7) as compared to those recommended (8–10; Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
InfluentialQi, X., Fang, C., Liu, L., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2025.109944 · Cited by 1
The sleep paradox: The effect of weekend catch-up sleep on homeostasis and circadian misalignment
Hsiao, F., Huang, Y., & Yang, C. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106231 · Cited by 2
Martínez‐Cayuelas, E., García-Muñoz, A. M., de Ocaña-Moreno, M. L. S., Richdale, A., Gisbert-Gustemps, L., Lugo-Marín, J., Rodríguez-Morillas, B., Peiró-Peiró, A., Victoria-Montesinos, D., López-Anguas, C., et al. (2025) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.70058 · Cited by 1
“…TABLE 3 | Comparison among all non-parametric circadian rhythms along 24-h period between the four participant groups 1 (between 0–9 years old), 2 (10–17 years old), 3 (18–27 years old) and 4 (28–65 years old). again in old age (Buysse et al. 1992; Hirshkowitz et al. 2015; Yoon et al. 2003).”
Machado, C. C. P. F., do Nascimento, C. F., Fraga-Maia, H., et al. (2025) · Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia · doi:10.1590/1981-22562025028.240238.en · Cited by 1
Bedroom Thermal Environment and Sleep Quality of Middle‐Aged Residents in a Tropical Climate
Tsuzuki, K., & Mori, I. (2025) · Japan Architectural Review · doi:10.1002/2475-8876.70031 · Cited by 2
A-Track: An Ontological Approach to Assisting Anxiety Management
Schroeder, G. L., Paula, L. D. S., Francisco, R., & Barbosa, J. L. V. (2025) · doi:10.5753/sbcas.2025.6928 · Cited by 1
Zamora, A. N., & Ansu, V. (2025) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/08982643251351695 · Cited by 1
“While sleep duration recommendations differ by age group, midlife (40 – 64 years) and older adults ( ≥ 65 years) face unique challenges in meeting those recommendations (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
Zhang, Y., Chen, B., Hébert, E. T., DeFina, L. F., Leonard, D., Barlow, C. E., Pavlovic, A., & Kohl, H. W. (2025) · Journal of Activity Sedentary and Sleep Behaviors · doi:10.1186/s44167-025-00079-7 · Cited by 1
“Adults aged 61–64 need 7–9 h, and people aged 65 and older need 7–8 h [33, 34].”
Muñoz, F., Herrera, F., Riquelme, S., Henríquez, M., Álvarez‐Ruf, J., Cornejo, M. I., & de Campos, L. F. C. C. (2025) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports13070203 · Cited by 2
Barley, B. K., & Scullin, M. K. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine (JCSM) · doi:10.5664/jcsm.11780 · Cited by 1
Stress and lıfestyle habıts among local and ınternatıonal medıcal students: a cross-sectıonal survey
Kulmirzayeva, D. (2025) · Central Asian Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ethics · doi:10.47316/cajmhe.2025.6.2.09 · Cited by 2
Carbone, J. T., & Casement, M. D. (2025) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107532 · Cited by 1
Sleep: A Game Changer for Youth Athlete Wellbeing
Tate, T., Main, L. C., Roberts, S., & Bruce, L. M. (2025) · Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach · doi:10.1177/19417381251350693 · Cited by 1
“19,32 For the MTDS, the subscale vigor was inverse coded to align with the other subscale measures (ie, a lower vigor score obtains a ‘higher’ value as it is a negative outcome).”
Sleep, Chronotype, and Learning: A Developmental Perspective
Martin, M., & Malik, Z. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-92166-7_3 · Cited by 1
Homeostatic forces underlying the daily pattern of sleep propensity
Kharchenko, V., Rozman, M. G., Putilov, A. A., & Zhdanova, I. V. (2025) · SLEEP Advances · doi:10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaf046 · Cited by 2
“Given a recommended sleep duration of around 8 hours per night for young males [16], this schedule represented a condition of chronic mild sleep restriction.”
Shi, Y., Guo, H., Tian, R., Zhang, N., Wang, C., Liu, W., & Duan, Z. (2025) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s521285 · Cited by 1
“According to related research, 38 we divided sleep duration into three groups: <7 h, 7–8 h, and ≥9 h.”
Association between perceived financial hardship and sleep duration among Korean adolescents
Kim, S., Jung, Y. H., Youn, H. M., & Park, E. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-12677-1 · Cited by 1
“The sleep satisfaction among adolescents exhibited an overall decline, with an average sleep duration of 6.99 h, which was below the National Sleep Foundation’s recommended 8–10 h of sleep 37 , likely contributing to low sleep satisfaction.”
InfluentialSun, X., Li, C., Ding, H., Zhou, H., Bai, N., & Zhao, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1567396 · Cited by 1
Kawabe, K., Inoue, S., Matsumoto, Y., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/frcha.2025.1644128 · Cited by 1
Sleep Disturbances in Hospitalized Patients
Mechineni, A., LLOYD, T., Sahni, A., & Sharma, G. (2025) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2025.07.011 · Cited by 1
Nonlinear Association Between Weekday Sleep Duration and COPD Risk: Evidence From NHANES 2017–2023
Tao, X., & Ye, X. (2025) · International Journal of COPD · doi:10.2147/copd.s522236 · Cited by 1
Cai, X., Xian, Y., Zhou, Y., Liu, T., Zhang, X., & Chen, Q. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1635020 · Cited by 1
“After calculating the effective average daily sleep duration, we referred to the sleep duration classification established by the National Sleep Foundation (18), which categorizes sleep duration for older adults aged 65 and above into a binary variable: 0 = bad (<5 or >9 h) and 1 = appropriate (5 to 9 h).”
Guo, Y. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0330782 · Cited by 1
“The National Sleep Foundation (NSF) and the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) recommend that all adults should sleep at least 7 hours per day [2,3].”
Butler, B., Laganière, C., Hershon, M., vandenBerg, A., Thauvin, C., Gaudreau, H., & Pennestri, M. (2025) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2025.07.006 · Cited by 1
Sleep duration and mental health in middle-aged and older adults: a study on gender differences
Meng, J., Li, D., Sun, F., Tang, L., Wang, J., & Li, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1600300 · Cited by 1
Singh, R., Gaston, S. A., Ashe, J. J., Harmon, Q. E., Ransome, Y., Wegienka, G., Baird, D. D., Koenig, H. G., & Jackson, C. L. (2026) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsag157 · Cited by 1
Kabadayı, F. (2025) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440251369968 · Cited by 1
“Although an average of 8 to 10 hr of sleep per night is recommended for healthy sleep in adolescents (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015), recent studies have shown that individuals have decreased sleep duration (Tu, He, Wang, et al., 2023).”
Liang, B., Hou, D., Li, J., Chen, G., & Pei, L. (2025) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-025-06360-3 · Cited by 3
“The American National Sleep Foundation recommends that older adults aged 65 years and above should aim for 7–8 h of sleep per night, while sleep durations of less than 5 h or more than 9 h are not recommended [29].”
Relationship between oxidative balance score and health-related quality of life in Korean adults
Kim, J., Seong, S., & Cha, E. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0330837 · Cited by 1
Sancho-Domingo, C., Garmy, P., & Norell‐Clarke, A. (2025) · International Journal of Addiction Nursing · doi:10.1097/jan.0000000000000651 · Cited by 1
Zhou, S., Liang, J., & Liang, Z. (2025) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-025-03458-1 · Cited by 1
“According to the recommendation of NSF [11 ], normal sleep duration was defined as 7–8 h/night in this study.”
Brutto, Ó. H. D., Mera, R. M., Arias, E. E., Rumbea, D. A., & Castillo, P. R. (2025) · Journal of Primary Care & Community Health · doi:10.1177/21501319251374933 · Cited by 1
Yao, X., Tang, C., Yu, L., You, C., Zhang, H., Gu, X., Liu, K., & Zhang, L. (2025) · Metabolism and Target Organ Damage · doi:10.20517/mtod.2025.103 · Cited by 1
KOÇ, H. (2025) · Sportive · doi:10.53025/sportive.1684384 · Cited by 1
Wong, S. M. Y., Wong, N. H. T., Suen, Y. N., Hui, C. L. M., Lee, E. H. M., Chan, S. K. W., & Chen, E. Y. H. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.09.035 · Cited by 2
Jareebi, M. A., Alabdali, W. A., Alwan, F. A., Ageeli, A. I., Akoor, F. A., Ageeli, F. Y., Alhazmi, H. A., Alfifi, M. A., Otayf, D. A. H., Ryani, M. A., et al. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.93386 · Cited by 1
“It is estimated that 30% of adults globally suffer from sleep deprivation, sleeplessness, and other sleep-related issues [7].”
Infant sleep time: A comparative analysis of assessment methods
Bastianello, T., Nascimben, C., Loschiavo, A. G.-M. A., Reoyo‐Serrano, N., Dassie, F., & Benavides‐Varela, S. (2025) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.106838 · Cited by 1
Jiang, Y.-Y., Chen, M., Li-Ya, A., Chen, P., Huang, H.-T., Liu, S., Yuan, S., Ma, Y., Su, Z., Cheung, T. C. C., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640251359065 · Cited by 2
“For college students, the USA National Sleep Foundation recommended an appropriate sleep duration of 7 to 9 hr (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
Adolescent sleep disturbances and road traffic noise: a Swiss cohort study
Sandoval-Diez, N., Vienneau, D., & Röösli, M. (2025) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114681 · Cited by 1
Prevalence of Overnight Work (1 a.m. to 5 a.m.) Among United States Workers
Wong, I. S., Alterman, T., Hittle, B. M., Velazquez‐Kronen, R., & Chen, I. (2025) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.70027 · Cited by 2
Sleep improvement as a contributing factor to reducing alcohol use among adolescents
Sancho-Domingo, C., & Carballo, J. L. (2025) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.106866 · Cited by 1
Verbal fluency difficulties in Chinese insomnia patients: insights from semantic and phonemic tasks
Lyu, Y., Lindsay, S., Wang, S., & Zheng, Y. (2025) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2025.2572088 · Cited by 1
“These cognitive difficulties contribute to reduced daily functioning, poor performance in professional and academic settings, difficulty concentrating, and reduced memory capacity (Fortier-Brochu et al., 2012; Hirshkowitz et al., 2015; Spencer et al., 2017; Yassin et al., 2020).”
Narayanan, K., Edward, S., & Baalann, K. P. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.95594 · Cited by 1
“The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), developed by Buysse et al., remains the gold standard for assessing subjective sleep quality [17].”
Iglesias-Cans, M., Loughnane, C., O’Donovan, R., Iftimoaei, C., Vasiliu, D., Iftimoaei, M., Enache, I., Achitei, A., & Dunne, P. J. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1673205 · Cited by 1
Özkan, K., ÇADIRCI, D., & Çelık, H. (2025) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2025.2581799 · Cited by 1
“Disruption of the circadian rhythm, such as through shift work, jet lag, or irregular sleep patterns, can lead to sleep disturbances, impaired cognitive function, and metabolic dysregulation (Hirshkowitz et al. 2015).”
Effect of a Power Mobility Intervention on the Sleep Health of Toddlers with Cerebral Palsy
Sloane, B. M., Logan, S. W., Sy, J. R. T., Brombach, R. K., Stevens-Rose, A., & Dietch, J. R. (2025) · Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics · doi:10.1080/01942638.2025.2577856 · Cited by 1
“Sleep is essential for healthy development in early childhood, with recommended patterns for toddlers (12–36 months old) involving 11 to 14 h of total sleep per day, including naps (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
Braisch, J. U., Weinmayr, G., Tully, M. A., Wilson, J. J., Blackburn, N. E., Giné‐Garriga, M., Sansano-Nadal, O., Caserotti, P., Skjødt, M., Köenig, W., et al. (2025) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2025.112959 · Cited by 1
Murillo, S., Philipsheck, A. P., Dementyev, F., Bello-Soto, B., Bhatt, E., Wilson, H., Madison, K., Schuck, L., Wiafe, S., Brown, C. L., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1646805 · Cited by 3
“The influence of sleep on adolescent psychosocial well-being and the efficacy of the R4F program is a critical area of investigation, given the importance of adequate sleep for mental health (12, 99, 100).”
Wang, Z., Zhou, Y., Qi, S., Yang, T., & Hu, K. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120656 · Cited by 1
Pengpid, S., Peltzer, K., & Hajek, A. (2025) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-025-03547-1 · Cited by 1
Liu, T., Zeng, J., Qi, G., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Peng, L., Li, X., & Jiang, W. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-25183-w · Cited by 2
“The National Sleep Foundation suggests that teenagers need at least 8 h of sleep and adults should also target a minimum of 7 h [9].”
Sejín, J. R. R., Arango-Paternina, C. M., & Villada, F. A. P. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0336696 · Cited by 2
Rahbar, P., Wong, J. J., Wang, D., et al. (2025) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.17269/s41997-025-01123-4 · Cited by 1
“…responses following the National Sleep Foundation’s recommendation for sleep duration for adults 65 and older, which is 7–8 h of sleep per night (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015): “7 to less than 9 h” (meeting recommended sleep duration) versus “less than 7 h or 9 or more hours” (not meeting…”
Grandner, M. A. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13954-3.00019-x · Cited by 1
Carrasco, M., Scaramutti, C., Wittleder, S., Moise, R. K., Thawani, S. P., Tong, S., Chung, D. P., Jean‐Louis, G., & Seixas, A. A. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13954-3.00036-x · Cited by 1
Sleep and mental health in children and adolescents
Short, M. A., Bartel, K., & Carskadon, M. A. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13954-3.00037-1 · Cited by 1
Yan, J., Wang, X., Ding, B., Zhang, M., He, Q., Zeng, Y., & Xiang, Y. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0335407 · Cited by 1
“In line with this, the National Sleep Foundation recommends this sleep duration for older adults, deeming it ideal for supporting their general well-being [25,26].”
Association between weekend catch-up sleep and specific depressive symptoms: a real world research
Ma, S., Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., Cai, M., Su, R., Wang, T., Wang, H., Wang, X.-Y., & Hu, G.-T. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1698743 · Cited by 1
“The National Sleep Foundation recommends that adults obtain 7 – 9 hours of sleep on a regular basis (9).”
Khcharem, A., Masmoudi, L., Sahnoun, Z., & Sahli, S. (2025) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2025.2600581 · Cited by 2
“Maintaining a regular sleep schedule, with an average of 7–9 h of sleep per night as recommended by expert consensus (Hirshkowitz et al. 2015; Watson et al. 2015), is crucial for overall health.”
Calderon, R., Liu, S., Huang, J., McPhillips, M., Liu, M., Li, J., & Li, J. (2025) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/08919887251403581 · Cited by 2
Pereira, G. D. J. S., Arboit, F., Diniz, J. R., Zanchet, E. M., & Bochi, G. V. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22121852 · Cited by 1
“Although nearly half of the users reported adequate sleep duration, a substantial proportion experienced insufficient sleep, reinforcing the well-established association between sleep impairment, anxiety, and depressive symptoms [34–36].”
Establishing Associations of Neighborhood Built Environment with Childhood Bedtime.
Wang, Z.-Y., Zhang, Y., Chen, T., Lu, R., Zhao, A., Ning, Z., Wang, Z., Wang, X., Yuan, J., Li, Y.-F., et al. (2025) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.123560 · Cited by 1
Surendran, A., Francis, P. T., Olickal, J. J., et al. (2025) · Discover Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12982-025-01252-8 · Cited by 1
“NCD risk factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle were assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPS-based questions and question on sleep were added based on the literature [16].”
Insomnia severity and its association with gaming behavior and perceived health in autistic adults
Bouder, S., McNulty, L. K., & Lee, D. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03851-1 · Cited by 1
“Sleep plays a crucial role in maintaining overall physical health, cognitive function, and emotional balance [5].”
Habibi, D., Naeini, M. K., Javanmard, S. H., Mohammadifard, N., Hassannejad, R., Rafiei, T., Najafian, J., Akbarzadeh, M., Marateb, H. R., Mansourian, M., et al. (2025) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-025-05385-1 · Cited by 1
Lu, P., Li, M., Ke, Y., & Liao, S. (2025) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2025.106468 · Cited by 1
J-Shaped Association Between Sleep Timing and Suicidal Ideation: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
Kang, J., & Goh, E. (2025) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s572068 · Cited by 1
“24 However, regarding sleep timing, only late sleep timing has traditionally been considered a risk factor for mental health disorders.”
Eggert, E., Gunga, H.-C., Sie, A. B., Ouèrmi, L., Ouédraogo, W. A., Kwaro, D., Sauerborn, R., Bunker, A., Barteit, S., Bärnighausen, T., et al. (2025) · The Lancet Planetary Health · doi:10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101344 · Cited by 1
Gibbs, B. B., Modlin, S. E., Perera, S., Thrower, A., Huber, K., Kozai, A. C., Chiu, J., Haas, D. M., Greenland, P., Grobman, W. A., et al. (2026) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/08901171251413224 · Cited by 1
Tanaka, H., 田村, 典., Yamaoka, K., & Matsuki, T. (2026) · Children · doi:10.3390/children13010092 · Cited by 1
Lifestyle and Behavioral Enhancements of Sleep: A Review
Jiyeon, S., Rojanapairat, O., Dennis, S., Gusman, E., Fariha, H., Sherzai, D., & Artal, R. (2026) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/15598276251410479 · Cited by 4
Zhu, G., Zhu, F., Guo, S., Zhao, T., Qi, T., Yang, S., Guan, M., Liu, J., Song, Q., Zhao, F., et al. (2026) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2025.11.011 · Cited by 1
Yang, H., Liu, W., Xiao, C., Han, Y., Lin, X., & Wu, Y. (2026) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-025-07918-7 · Cited by 1
“Sleep midpoint was computed based on self-reported bedtime and wake-up time, defined as the midpoint between falling asleep and waking up [21, 22].”
Namirembe, P., Nanyonga, B., Ndekezi, D., Nyangoma, B., Kyomugisha, R., Nyaruhuma, A., Ateo, C., Rutainama, C. R., Thomas, K. A., Batuusa, R., et al. (2026) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2025.12.007 · Cited by 1
“Participants in our study reported poor sleep health, including sleep duration substantially shorter than the 8-10 hours recommended for adolescents, 34 and also shorter than in the few other studies among African adolescents.”
Aakre, J. A., Bjorvatn, B., Gjestsen, M. T., Dalen, I., Ballard, C. G., & Testad, I. (2026) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/81542 · Cited by 1
“For most adults, this generally involves obtaining 6 to 9 hours of sleep per night [1].”
Lin, X., Xu, H. F., Wang, S., Chen, Y., Li, K., Liang, B., & Xu, L. (2026) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-026-10325-6 · Cited by 1
“Sleep duration was categorized into five groups (≤ 5, 6, 7, 8, ≥ 9 h/day) following the National Sleep Foundation’s recommendations [9, 20].”
Wang, L.-P., Huang, J., Wang, Y.-W., Dong, J., Zhang, Y.-T., Bao, W.-W., Zhou, Y., Huang, J., Liang, L.-X., Amjad, M., et al. (2026) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics14020134 · Cited by 1
“Two additional questions assess total sleep duration and sleep latency, with short sleep defined as less than 7 h and long latency as more than 45 min, based on expert consensus [40–42].”
Yang, B., Diep, C., Thaker, S., Jackson, T., Lakhani, A., LANDOLT, C., Elena, P., Lara‐Corrales, I., Pradilla, H. C., Yu, H., et al. (2026) · Canadian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1080/24740527.2025.2593253 · Cited by 1
Heterogeneity in the predictors of long and short sleepers in the ELSA-Brasil study
Aielo, A. N., Santos, R. B., Giatti, S., Parise, B. K., Ferreira, N. L., Silva, W. A., da Cunha, L. F., Souza, S. P., Lotufo, P. A., Benseñor, I. M., et al. (2026) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2025.11.014 · Cited by 1
Ma, X., Zhao, H., Wang, Y., Zhao, Y., Zhou, D., & Sun, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1734689 · Cited by 2
Kobayashi, R., & Negoro, H. (2026) · Diabetology · doi:10.3390/diabetology7020026 · Cited by 1
Koa, T. B., & Lo, J. C.-Y. (2026) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsag031 · Cited by 1
To Sleep or not to Sleep in Your Teens? Choose Sleep!
Lara, H., Alkozei, A., & Gómez, R. L. (2026) · Frontiers for Young Minds · doi:10.3389/frym.2026.1593900 · Cited by 1
“The National Sleep Foundation recommends younger teens get more nighttime sleep than older teens and, by – years of age, teens should get the recommended amount for adults [2] (Table 1).”
Health literacy and health-related behaviors and lifestyles among adolescents in Ethiopia
Asari, A. A., Godesso, A., & Birhanu, Z. (2026) · Discover Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12982-026-01488-y · Cited by 2
“In accordance with the recommended sleep duration for this age group per night, their responses were recoded as 0 = 8 h and 1 = ≥ 8 h [42–44].”
Terui, A., Saito, M., Kuki, A., Shimoyama, S., Sakamoto, Y., Yoshida, K., Osato‐Kaneda, A., & Nakamura, K. (2026) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports · doi:10.1002/pcn5.70294 · Cited by 1
Zhang, Q., Yang, Y., Hou, Q., et al. (2026) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-026-07090-w · Cited by 1
“Foreign scholars have found that the optimal sleep duration for the elderly is 7 ~ 8 hours [40].”
Mlakar, A., Rogina, K. G., Šmigoc, M., Stražišar, B. G., & Kukec, A. (2026) · Slovenian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2478/sjph-2026-0003 · Cited by 1
“Studies across different populations report prevalence ranging from 20% to 40%, depending on the instruments used and the cut-off points applied (10).”
Denison, N., Gradisar, M., Paterson, J. L., & Bauducco, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1705874 · Cited by 1
“These findings align somewhat with the demarcations of recommended sleep duration (<7 h) for adolescents (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015; Leger et al., 2012) and the recommended range for healthy sleep (8–10 h) (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
InfluentialGong, Y., Qiu, J., Zhang, Z., & Wang, S. (2026) · Journal of College Student Mental Health · doi:10.1080/28367138.2026.2638959 · Cited by 1
Zaheer, A., Nael, A., & Sadiq, A. (2026) · Cureus Journal of Business and Economics. · doi:10.7759/s44404-026-00039-7 · Cited by 2
Hoepel, S. J. W., Oryshkewych, N., Barnes, L. L., Butters, M. A., Buysse, D. J., Ikram, M. K., Lim, A., Wolters, F. J., Yu, L., Wallace, M. L., et al. (2026) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1177/13872877261422263 · Cited by 2
“36 For each individual, a multidimensional sleep health score ranging from 0 to 5 was derived by summing the number of poor sleep items.”
Petito, L. C., Zmora, R., Chopra, A., Wang, Y., Phillips, D., Rios, I. S., Pletcher, M. J., Ghandi, R., Khan, H. A., Lefaiver, C. A., et al. (2026) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/82619 · Cited by 1
“• Smoking: Current secondhand smoke exposure (number of people in the home and other settings who smoke, number of days child exposed) is assessed for all ages with 4 questions from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [22].”
Nauha, L., Niemelä, M., Azadifar, S., Korpelainen, R., & Farrahi, V. (2026) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-026-05762-4 · Cited by 1
“…between sleep duration and cardiovascular outcomes [57], a categorization into < 7 h, 7–9 h (recommended), and > 9 h would have been appropriate [58], but we did not apply this due to the small number of events, which may have limited our ability to fully explore the role of sleep duration in…”
Byrd‐Bredbenner, C., Pozzoli, A. A., Eck, K., Worobey, J., Shelnutt, K. P., Olfert, M. D., & Quick, V. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18071029 · Cited by 1
The role of self-control in adolescent sleep: Evidence from ecological momentary assessment data.
Andrade, F. C., Charoenthammanon, R., Park, J., & Hoyle, R. H. (2026) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2026.02.005 · Cited by 1
Kim, J., Lee, E., Hwang, D., Ko, A. J., & Park, E. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1755259 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S. M., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., DonCarlos, L., Hazen, N., Herman, J., Katz, E. S., Kheirandish-Gozal, L., Neubauer, D. N., O’Donnell, A. E., Ohayon, M., Peever, J., Rawding, R., Sachdeva, R. C., Setters, B., Vitiello, M. V., Ware, J. C., & Adams Hillard, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- National Sleep Foundation (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Loyola University Chicago (US)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Georgetown University Medical Center (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Gannon University (US)
- American Academy of Pediatrics (US)
- University of Louisville (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Eastern Virginia Medical School (US)
- Corresponding author
- Whiton, Kaitlyn
- ORCID
- Venue
- Sleep Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 40-43
- ISSN
- 2352-7218 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2088948024
- Semantic Scholar
- 4e3e4c046d6e7145de63397f3a9872f2506375b8
- Cited by
- 4,404
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 396 · 2025: 539 · 2024: 506 · 2023: 502 · 2022: 539 · 2021: 497 · 2020: 392 · 2019: 352 · 2018: 283 · 2017: 184 · 2016: 160 · 2015: 47
- FWCI
- 338.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Sleep Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- American Thoracic Society
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method, sleep disorders
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