The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 1 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary.
Open accessAbstract
Consensus recommendations on sufficient sleep duration across the lifespan using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method.
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Claims the paper makes
39 Own result · 9 Own interpretation · 5 Own method · 5 No basis given · 1 No full text of the sources
- Probably not a substantial claim. 58
- It may state two separate claims as one. 5
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“infants between 12 and 15 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“7 to 8 hours of sleep for older adults”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“school-aged children between 9 and 11 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For teenagers, 8 to 10 hours was considered appropriate”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“preschoolers between 10 and 13 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“7 to 9 hours for young adults and adults”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“toddlers between 11 and 14 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The panel agreed that, for healthy individuals with normal sleep, the appropriate sleep duration for newborns is between 14 and 17 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Panelists performed the firstround vote independently.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A research assistant performed data entry, and a supervisor checked entries to ensure accuracy and completeness.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The RAND appropriateness method is a well-recognized technique for systematically analyzing experts' interpretations of extant research.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [1] 1. Fitch K, Bernstein SJ, Aquilar MD, et al. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method user's manual. Santa Monica, CA: The RAND Corporation; 2001.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The recommendations reported here represent guidelines for healthy individuals and those not suffering from a sleep disorder.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sleep's restorative properties undoubtedly also depend on sleep quality, sleep architecture, and the timing of sleep within the day.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Importantly, the panel emphasized that some individuals might sleep longer or shorter than the recommended times with no adverse effects.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, individuals with sleep durations far outside the normal range may be engaging in volitional sleep restriction or have serious health problems.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These factors, however, are more difficult to estimate from cohort studies that use self-reported data.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This data disparity is particularly important when interpreting laboratory-based findings.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Intervention studies using laboratory measured sleep time typically produce shorter sleep durations.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sufficient sleep duration requirements vary across the lifespan and from person to person.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A systematic literature review was conducted by a nonvoting, independent review team led by John Herman, PhD, from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, with assistance from colleagues Chelsea Vaughn, PhD, and David Brown, PhD.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An individual who intentionally restricts sleep over a prolonged period may be compromising his or her health and well-being.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Inclusion criteria were (a) normal, nondisordered population; (b) published in a peer-reviewed journal; (c) human subjects; and (d) English language.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed, which biases data toward higher sleep duration estimates.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A project team member followed up with panelists to resolve missing or discrepant scores.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
Actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed.
“actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed”
The paper relies on this without support.
Sleep is a vital part of physical, cognitive, and emotional health.
“Sleep, like diet and exercise, is a vital part of physical, cognitive, and emotional health.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The literature, especially cohort and population studies, often do not distinguish between time in bed and actual sleep time.
“The literature, especially cohort and population studies, often do not distinguish between time in bed and actual sleep time.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Intervention studies using laboratory measured sleep time typically produce shorter sleep durations.
“intervention studies using laboratory measured sleep time will typically produce shorter sleep durations”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“Nonetheless, even if one conservatively assumes that the average increase in actual nightly sleep was 67 min relative to what we observed in our student samples using wrist actigraphy, it still means that 62% of students in these samples were still getting less than 8 h of total nightly sleep, the minimum recommendation for young adult nightly sleep (26).”
From Nightly sleep duration predicts grade point average in the first year of college (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Current sleep recommendations outline the need for healthy adults to achieve seven to nine h of sleep per night [2].”
From The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The recommended total sleep for children aged 6- to 13-years-old is 9–11 hours, whereas the recommended sleep for adolescents aged 14–17 is approximately 8–10 hours.15”
From Middle school start times and young adolescent sleep, behavioral health, and academic performance outcomes: a narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The recommended total sleep for children aged 6- to 13-years-old is 9–11 hours, whereas the recommended sleep for adolescents aged 14–17 is approximately 8–10 hours.15”
From Middle school start times and young adolescent sleep, behavioral health, and academic performance outcomes: a narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Sleep medicine guidelines indicate that adolescents should be getting 8 to 10 h of nightly sleep (26), but first-year college students in the present samples slept on average 6 h and 37 min each night (SD = 51 min).”
From Nightly sleep duration predicts grade point average in the first year of college (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“current recommendations suggest that adolescents require 8-10 h of sleep to function optimally [3,4].”
From Later School Start Times as a Public Health Intervention to Promote Sleep Health in Adolescents (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Early school start times during the academic year are in direct conflict with the biologically driven circadian shift towards later bedtimes and later wake-up times among adolescents, directly constraining their opportunity for sufficient sleep duration [3,4].”
From Later School Start Times as a Public Health Intervention to Promote Sleep Health in Adolescents (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Other important developmental changes occur as well, such as an increased need for sleep (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
From Health lifestyles across the transition to adulthood: implications for health (2017) · cites this paper as Hirshkowitz et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“Guidelines from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the Sleep Research Society state that regularly sleeping fewer than 7 h per night is associated with a higher risk of weight gain and other adverse health outcomes [116].”
From Dietary and Behavioral Strategies for Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance: A Narrative Review (2025) · cites this paper as [116]
In the citing paper
“For sleep to have a restorative effect on the body, it must be of adequate duration and quality; particularly for athletes whose physical and mental recovery needs may be greater due to the high physiological and psychological demands placed on them during training and competition.”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Sleep disturbances and short sleep duration are behavioural risk factors for inflammation, associated with increased risk of illness and disease, which can be modified to promote sleep health.”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Similar to nutrition, sleep disturbances (difficulty initiating or maintain sleep) and sleep deprivation (not getting enough sleep) are risk factors for inflammation [18,42], which can be treated or managed to promote recovery and/or performance.”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“For sleep to have a restorative effect on the body, it must be of adequate duration which is dependent on age [28,42].”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Sleep recommendations particularly the amount of sleep required, change over the lifespan from adolescents (8–10 h), adults (7–9 h), and older adults (7–8 h) [42].”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“Divergent opinion among panelists was defined as more than 20% (ie, 3 of 18 panel members) voting outside any 3-point range (ie, 1-3, 4-6, or 7-9) of the median.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Results
Reported 20 · recomputed 16.666667
Citations
Cites
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
National Sleep Foundation’s updated sleep duration recommendations: final report
Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S. M., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., DonCarlos, L., Hazen, N., Herman, J., Adams Hillard, P. J., Katz, E. S., et al. (2015) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2015.10.004 · Cited by 2,348
Self-citationNational Sleep Foundation's sleep quality recommendations: first report
Ohayon, M., Wickwire, E. M., Hirshkowitz, M., Albert, S. M., Avidan, A., Daly, F. J., Dauvilliers, Y., Ferri, R., Fung, C., Gozal, D., et al. (2017) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2016.11.006 · Cited by 1,304
Self-citationMental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement (2019)
Reardon, C. L., Hainline, B., Aron, C. M., Baron, D., Baum, A. L., Bindra, A., Budgett, R., Campriani, N., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Currie, A., et al. (2019) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-100715 · Cited by 1,277
Chaput, J.-P., Gray, C. E., Poitras, V. J., Carson, V., Gruber, R., Olds, T., Weiss, S. K., Connor Gorber, S., Kho, M. E., Sampson, M., et al. (2016) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2015-0627 · Cited by 898
“Intentionally restricting sleep duration over a prolonged period of time may compromise overall health (Hirshkowitz et al. 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialJia, X., Wang, Z., Huang, F., Su, C., Du, W., Jiang, H., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, F., Su, W., et al. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03495-6 · Cited by 751
An update on adolescent sleep: New evidence informing the perfect storm model ☆
Crowley, S. J., Wolfson, A. R., Tarokh, L., & Carskadon, M. A. (2018) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.06.001 · Cited by 684
Becker, S. P., Jarrett, M. A., Luebbe, A. M., Garner, A. A., Burns, G. L., & Kofler, M. J. (2018) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2018.01.001 · Cited by 602
Sleep disorders in the elderly: a growing challenge
Gulia, K. K., & Kumar, V. M. (2018) · Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1111/psyg.12319 · Cited by 584
Compositional data analysis for physical activity, sedentary time and sleep research
Dumuid, D., Stanford, T., Fernández, J. A. M., Pedišić, Ž., Maher, C. A., Lewis, L. K., Hron, K., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Chaput, J., Fogelholm, M., et al. (2017) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1177/0962280217710835 · Cited by 548
Short sleep duration and dietary intake: epidemiologic evidence, mechanisms, and health implications
Dashti, H. S., Scheer, F. A., Jacques, P. F., Lamon-Fava, S., & Ordovás, J. M. (2015) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.115.008623 · Cited by 503
“A sleep duration of 7–9 h for adults (26–64 y of age) and 7– 8 h for older adults ($65 y of age) is necessary for optimal health, whereas a duration of 6 h for adults and 5–6 h for older adults is insufficient, according to the National Sleep Foundation (1).”
BackgroundInfluentialKocevska, D., Lysen, T. S., Dotinga, A., Koopman‐Verhoeff, M. E., Luijk, M. P. C. M., Antypa, N., Biermasz, N. R., Blokstra, A., Brug, J., Burk, W. J., et al. (2020) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-020-00965-x · Cited by 479
The association between social media use and sleep disturbance among young adults
Levenson, J. C., Shensa, A., Sidani, J. E., Colditz, J. B., & Primack, B. A. (2016) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.01.001 · Cited by 447
“While it is recommended that young andmidlife adults obtain 7–9 h of sleep per night (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015), 40% of American adults report getting less than 7 h of sleep per night onweeknights (National sleep foundation, 2005).”
BackgroundLo, J. C., Ong, J. L., Leong, R. L. F., Gooley, J. J., & Chee, M. W. L. (2016) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.5552 · Cited by 446
Miller, M. A., Kruisbrink, M., Wallace, J., Ji, C., & Cappuccio, F. P. (2018) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy018 · Cited by 435
“The recommendations, as stated on their website, are as follows: newborn (0–3 months), 14–17 hr; infant (4–11 months), 12–15 hr; toddler (1–2 years), 11–14 hor; preschool-age (3–5 years), 10–13 hr; school-age (6–13 years), 9–11 hr; and teenage (14–17 years), 8–10 hr [65].”
GWAS identifies 14 loci for device-measured physical activity and sleep duration
Doherty, A., Smith-Byrne, K., Ferreira, T., Holmes, M. V., Holmes, C., Pulit, S. L., & Lindgren, C. M. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07743-4 · Cited by 408
Miner, B., & Kryger, M. H. (2016) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2016.10.008 · Cited by 413
Sejbuk, M., Mirończuk-Chodakowska, I., & Witkowska, A. M. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14091912 · Cited by 458
“The length of sleep of healthy people decreases with aging: a newborn needs 14–17 h of sleep per day, while adults sleep 7–9 h, and older people sleep for 7–8 h [21].”
BackgroundFatigue and its management in the workplace
Caldwell, J. A., Caldwell, J. L., Thompson, L., & Lieberman, H. R. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.024 · Cited by 444
Bathory, E., & Tomopoulos, S. (2017) · Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care · doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2016.12.001 · Cited by 382
Dumuid, D., Pedišić, Ž., Stanford, T., Fernández, J. A. M., Hron, K., Maher, C. A., Lewis, L. K., & Olds, T. (2017) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1177/0962280217737805 · Cited by 369
for the ISCOLE Research Group, Roman-Viñas, B., Chaput, J.-P., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Fogelholm, M., Lambert, E. V., Maher, C., Maia, J., Olds, T., Onywera, V., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0449-8 · Cited by 368
“We also calculated the proportion of children meeting the weekly average MVPA (≥60 min/day), screen time (≤2 h/day), and sleep duration (9–11 h/night) [4, 32] recommendations, and combinations of these recommendations, by study site.”
MethodAssociation between sleep duration and depression in US adults: A cross-sectional study
Dong, L., Xie, Y., & Zou, X. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.075 · Cited by 353
The epidemiology of sleep and obesity
Ogilvie, R. P., & Patel, S. R. (2017) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2017.07.013 · Cited by 356
McHill, A. W., & Wright, K. P. (2017) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12503 · Cited by 330
“A National Heath Survey reported that ~30% of Americans typically sleep less than 6 h per night (5), an amount below the recommended 7-h sleep duration for promoting optimal health in adults (6).”
BackgroundSleep Duration and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Covassin, N., & Singh, P. (2016) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2015.10.007 · Cited by 314
The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Gardiner, C., Weakley, J., Burke, L. M., Roach, G. D., Sargent, C., Maniar, N., Townshend, A., & Halson, S. L. (2023) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101764 · Cited by 357
“Current recommendations outline the need for healthy adults to achieve seven to nine h of sleep per night [2].”
BackgroundYouth Screen Media Habits and Sleep
Hale, L., Kirschen, G. W., LeBourgeois, M. K., Gradisar, M., Garrison, M. M., Montgomery-Downs, H., Kirschen, H., McHale, S. M., Chang, A.-M., & Buxton, O. M. (2018) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2017.11.014 · Cited by 312
“Set and abide by regular bedtimes every day, including weekends, allowing the child sufficient sleep duration for his or her age.(10) Bedtime should follow a predictable routine (eg, brush teeth, read a story, lights out).”
Charchar, F. J., Prestes, P. R., Mills, C. E., Ching, S. M., Neupane, D., Marques, F. Z., Sharman, J. E., Vogt, L., Burrell, L. M., Коростовцева, Л. С., et al. (2023) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000003563 · Cited by 394
“Local, national and ethnic sleep-related traditions (e.g. v 1 z polyphasic sleep, siesta, midnight sun patterns) as well as predisposing factors ( ou m 1 t e. ethnic/racial differences in sleep apnoea prevalence) should be considered [261– 264].”
Tamana, S. K., Ezeugwu, V. E., Chikuma, J., Lefebvre, D. L., Azad, M. B., Moraes, T. J., Subbarao, P., Becker, A. B., Turvey, S. E., Sears, M. R., et al. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213995 · Cited by 289
Johnson, D. A., Billings, M. E., & Hale, L. E. (2018) · Current Epidemiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40471-018-0139-y · Cited by 310
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“These estimates concur with estimates of sleep durations for optimal cognitive functioning and with current sleep recommendations [19,20,98].”
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Optimizing sleep to maximize performance: implications and recommendations for elite athletes
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“Improving total sleep duration The amount of sleep needed varies based on age, physical activity, and a range of other individual factors; however, most adults need between 7 and 9 h of sleep per night (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
BackgroundBecker, S. P., Sidol, C. A., Dyk, T. R. V., Epstein, J. N., & Beebe, D. W. (2016) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2016.07.004 · Cited by 265
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“Maintaining optimal sleep duration is the central focus of current sleep health guidelines [11].”
BackgroundRising temperatures erode human sleep globally
Minor, K., Bjerre-Nielsen, A., Jonasdottir, S. S., Lehmann, S., & Obradovich, N. (2022) · One Earth · doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2022.04.008 · Cited by 261
de Zambotti, M., Goldstein, C. A., Cook, J. D., Menghini, L., Altini, M., Cheng, P., & Robillard, R. (2023) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsad325 · Cited by 276
“Based on biological changes, the recommended sleep durations for age groups are as follows: 10–13 h for ages 3–5 years, 9–11 h for ages 6–13 years, 8–10 h for ages 14–17 years, 7–9 h for ages 18–64 years, and 7–8 h for > 65 years [123].”
The effect of resistance exercise on sleep: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Kovacevic, A., Mavros, Y., Heisz, J. J., & Fiatarone Singh, M. A. (2018) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2017.07.002 · Cited by 242
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Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Adolescent Cognitive–Behavioral Sleep Interventions
Blake, M. J., Sheeber, L. B., Youssef, G. J., Raniti, M. B., & Allen, N. B. (2017) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-017-0234-5 · Cited by 242
“The American Academy of Sleep Medicine, the National Sleep Foundation, and the American Center for Disease Control and Prevention have suggested that adolescents optimally require between 8 and 10 h of sleep per night (Hirshkowitz et al. 2015; Paruthi et al. 2016).”
BackgroundSletten, T. L., Weaver, M. D., Foster, F., Gozal, D., Klerman, E. B., Rajaratnam, S. M. W., Roenneberg, T., Takahashi, J. S., Turek, F. W., Vitiello, M. V., et al. (2023) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2023.07.016 · Cited by 273
“The National Sleep Foundation (NSF) established an expert panel in 2014 to conduct a systematic review and develop recommendations for the sleep duration required for optimal health across the lifespan.(1) The NSF sleep duration recommendations derived from that review were consistent with those derived from a subsequ…”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationGalland, B. C., Short, M. A., Terrill, P. I., Rigney, G., Haszard, J. J., Coussens, S. W., Foster-Owens, M. D., & Biggs, S. N. (2018) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy017 · Cited by 235
“The recent NSF sleep–quality recommendations include a sleep latency of ≤15 min as an appropriate measure for indexing good sleep quality across all pediatric age groups [51].”
InfluentialReutrakul, S., Thakkinstian, A., Anothaisintawee, T., Chontong, S., Borel, A.-L., Perfect, M. M., Janovsky, C. C. P. S., Kessler, R., Schultes, B., Harsch, I. A., et al. (2016) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2016.03.019 · Cited by 238
“…duration was examined as a continuous variable as well as categorized as shorter (≤6 hours in adults, <9 hours in children aged 6–13 years, or <8 hours in children aged >13–17 years) or longer (>6 hours in adults, ≥9 hours in children aged 6−13 years, or ≥8 hours in children aged >13–17 years) [8].”
INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Baru, P. C. R. (2014) · ADVANCED SCIENCES INDEX · Cited by 236
Warland, J., Dorrian, J., Morrison, J. L., & O'Brien, L. M. (2018) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2018.03.004 · Cited by 224
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“Indicators of poor sleep health include a sleep duration of fewer or more hours than the recommended seven to nine hours per night [3] and dissatisfactory sleep quality.”
BackgroundABCs of SLEEPING: a review of the evidence behind pediatric sleep practice recommendations
Allen, S. L., Howlett, M. D., Coulombe, J. A., & Corkum, P. V. (2016) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.08.006 · Cited by 213
Sleep environments and sleep physiology: A review
Troynikov, O., Watson, C., & Nawaz, N. (2018) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.09.012 · Cited by 257
Digital media use and sleep in late adolescence and young adulthood: A systematic review
Brautsch, L. A., Lund, L., Andersen, M. M., Jennum, P. J., Folker, A. P., & Andersen, S. (2023) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101742 · Cited by 218
Climate change and sleep: A systematic review of the literature and conceptual framework
Rifkin, D. I., Long, M. W., & Perry, M. J. (2018) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2018.07.007 · Cited by 208
Sleep duration and health outcomes: an umbrella review
Li, J. H., Cao, D., Huang, Y. C., Chen, Z., Wang, R., Dong, Q. G., Wei, Q., & Liu, L. (2021) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-021-02458-1 · Cited by 221
“According to the recommendations from the expert panel of the NSF [1, 2], the reference sleep duration for infants is between 12 and 15 h, pre-school children between 10 and 13 h, and schoolaged children between 9 and 11 h.”
MethodInfluentialCognition and objectively measured sleep duration in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Short, M. A., Blunden, S. L., Rigney, G., Matricciani, L., Coussens, S. W., Reynolds, C. M., & Galland, B. C. (2018) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2018.02.004 · Cited by 222
Effects of Diet on Sleep: A Narrative Review
Binks, H., Vincent, G. E., Gupta, C. C., Irwin, C. G., & Khalesi, S. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12040936 · Cited by 207
“, 7–9 h/day) [5,6] is necessary for overall health and wellbeing.”
BackgroundThe Epidemiology of Sleep and Diabetes
Ogilvie, R. P., & Patel, S. R. (2018) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-018-1055-8 · Cited by 211
Role of sleep quality in the metabolic syndrome
Gozal, D., Dumin, M., & Koren, D. (2016) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s95120 · Cited by 204
“11–14 hours for toddlers, 10–13 hours for preschoolers, 9–11 hours for school-aged children (aged 6–13 years), and 8–10 hours for adolescents (aged 14–18 years), as compared to 7–9 hours in young adults and middle-aged adults.(85)”
Self-citationA review of the environmental parameters necessary for an optimal sleep environment
Caddick, Z. A., Gregory, K. B., Arsintescu, L., & Flynn‐Evans, E. E. (2018) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.01.020 · Cited by 204
“Recent consensus reports on sleep need support the notion that adults require 7–9 h of sleep per night [33,117], and studies of sleep and circadian rhythms support the importance of regular sleep timing in positive sleep outcomes [29,100].”
BackgroundGao, C., Chapagain, N. Y., & Scullin, M. K. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9891 · Cited by 194
Wickham, S.-R., Amarasekara, N. A., Bartonicek, A., & Conner, T. S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.579205 · Cited by 223
Gao, Q., Kou, T., Zhuang, B., Yangyang, R., Dong, X. Z., & Wang, Q. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10101395 · Cited by 208
“The National Sleep Foundation recommends that adults should get 7–8 h sleep every day, albeit sleep demands may vary in age and gender [2].”
BackgroundCardiometabolic Benefits of Intermittent Fasting
Varady, K. A., Cienfuegos, S., Ezpeleta, M., & Gabel, K. (2021) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-052020-041327 · Cited by 186
Svensson, T., Saito, E., Svensson, A. K., Melander, O., Orho‐Melander, M., Mimura, M., Rahman, M. S., Sawada, N., Koh, W., Shu, X., et al. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22837 · Cited by 194
Night-time screen-based media device use and adolescents' sleep and health-related quality of life
Mireku, M. O., Barker, M. M., Mutz, J., Dumontheil, I., Thomas, M. S. C., Röösli, M., Elliott, P., & Toledano, M. B. (2019) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.069 · Cited by 223
Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes
Doherty, R., Madigan, S., Warrington, G., & Ellis, J. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11040822 · Cited by 186
“Sleep recommendations particularly the amount of sleep required, change over the lifespan from adolescents (8–10 h), adults (7–9 h), and older adults (7–8 h) [42].”
BackgroundZhu, B., Shi, C., Park, C. G., Zhao, X., & Reutrakul, S. (2019) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2019.02.002 · Cited by 190
Sleep Duration and Diabetes Risk: Population Trends and Potential Mechanisms
Grandner, M. A., Seixas, A. A., Shetty, S., & Shenoy, S. (2016) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-016-0805-8 · Cited by 201
Sleep in the United States Military
Good, C. H., Brager, A. J., Capaldi, V. F., & Mysliwiec, V. (2019) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-019-0431-7 · Cited by 204
“The National Sleep Foundation, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, and Sleep Research Society all recommend a minimum of 7 h of sleep per night for adults 18 years of age or older [15, 29].”
BackgroundSleep patterns and insomnia in young adults: A national survey of Norwegian university students
Sivertsen, B., Vedaa, Ø., Harvey, A. G., Glozier, N., Pallesen, S., Aarø, L. E., Lønning, K. J., & Hysing, M. (2019) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12790 · Cited by 177
“For young adults, the recommended sleep duration is between 7 and 9 hr (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015), but several international studies have shown that a substantial proportion of students fail to reach these recommendations, and thus do not obtain the amount of sleep they need to function well…”
BackgroundSleep and Mental Health in Undergraduate Students with Generally Healthy Sleep Habits
Milojevich, H. M., & Lukowski, A. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156372 · Cited by 172
“Similarly, our results likely do not generalize to adults with the healthiest of sleep habits (due to, for example, our relatively liberal criterion of recruiting participants who routinely obtained at least 6 hours of sleep at night; the National Sleep Foundation recommends 7–9 hours per night for young adults; see r…”
ResultAdapting Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs as a Framework for Resident Wellness
Hale, A. J., Ricotta, D. N., Freed, J., Smith, C. C., & Huang, G. C. (2019) · Teaching and Learning in Medicine · doi:10.1080/10401334.2018.1456928 · Cited by 174
Biobehavioral Factors That Shape Nutrition in Low-Income Populations
Laraia, B. A., Leak, T. M., Tester, J. M., & Leung, C. W. (2017) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.08.003 · Cited by 192
Carskadon, M. A., & Dement, W. C. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-24288-2.00002-7 · Cited by 190
Infant sleep and its relation with cognition and growth: a narrative review
Tham, E. K. H., Schneider, N., & Broekman, B. F. P. (2017) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s125992 · Cited by 169
“In all cases except for newborns to 3 months, the latest NSF recommendations increased by at least 1 hour from the preceding (NSF) recommendations due to reported changes in sleep durations over the last years (from a systematic literature search) as reviewed by an expert panel.(13) However, many infants and young chi…”
Chiu, H.-Y., Lee, H.-C., Chen, P.-Y., Lai, Y.-F., & Tu, Y.-K. (2018) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2018.07.003 · Cited by 165
The effects of partial sleep deprivation on energy balance: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Khatib, H. K. A., Harding, S., Darzi, J., & Pot, G. K. (2016) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.201 · Cited by 179
Sleep: important considerations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease
Grandner, M. A., Alfonso-Miller, P., Fernandez-Mendoza, J., Shetty, S., Shenoy, S., & Combs, D. (2016) · Current Opinion in Cardiology · doi:10.1097/hco.0000000000000324 · Cited by 166
Bidirectional, Daily Temporal Associations between Sleep and Physical Activity in Adolescents
Master, L., Nye, R. T., Lee, S., Nahmod, N. G., Mariani, S., Hale, L. E., & Buxton, O. M. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44059-9 · Cited by 187
Rosen, L., Carrier, L. M., Miller, A., Rokkum, J., & Ruiz, A. (2016) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2015.11.003 · Cited by 157
“The National Sleep Foundation recommends that young adults of college age get between 7 and 9 hours of sleep per nightwith a caveat that 6 hours may be appropriate.(1) Studies have shown that college students are falling short of this recommendation.”
Sleep Duration and Subsequent Cortical Thinning in Cognitively Normal Older Adults
Spira, A. P., Gonzalez, C. E., Venkatraman, V. K., Wu, M. N., Pacheco, J. L., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., & Resnick, S. M. (2016) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.5768 · Cited by 169
Perotta, B., Arantes-Costa, F. M., Enns, S. C., Figueiró-Filho, E. A., Paro, H. B. M. D. S., Santos, I. S., Lorenzi‐Filho, G., Martins, M. A., & Tempski, P. Z. (2021) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-021-02544-8 · Cited by 182
Sleep Quality and Nocturnal Sleep Duration in Pregnancy and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Cai, S., Tan, S., Gluckman, P. D., Godfrey, K. M., Saw, S.-M., Teoh, O. H., Chong, Y.-S., Meaney, M. J., Kramer, M. S., Gooley, J. J., et al. (2017) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsw058 · Cited by 157
Bowers, J. M., & Moyer, A. (2017) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2017.08.004 · Cited by 156
Health lifestyles across the transition to adulthood: implications for health
Lawrence, E. M., Mollborn, S., & Hummer, R. A. (2017) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.09.041 · Cited by 155
“Other important developmental changes occur as well, such as an increased need for sleep (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
BackgroundWang, Y., Wang, J., Chen, S., Li, J., Lu, Q.-D., Vitiello, M. V., Wang, F., Tang, X., Shi, J., Lü, L., et al. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.5246 · Cited by 159
Self-citationSleep and Circadian Rhythm in Critical Illness
Telías, I., & Wilcox, M. E. (2019) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-019-2366-0 · Cited by 170
Vernon, L., Modecki, K. L., & Barber, B. L. (2018) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12836 · Cited by 152
“Adequate sleep for adolescents, between 8 and 10 hr per night, is an essential requirement for healthy psychosocial adjustment (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
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Impact of sleep duration on executive function and brain structure
Tai, X. Y., Chen, C., Manohar, S., & Masud Husain, B. (2022) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03123-3 · Cited by 149
Associations between social jetlag and mental health in young people: A systematic review
Henderson, S. E. M., Brady, E. M., & Robertson, N. (2019) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2019.1636813 · Cited by 148
“However, although potentially under similar social pressures regarding sleep, exogenous factors that drive sleep in a 10-year-old may differ from a 24-year-old – particularly regarding autonomy and responsibility for choices around sleep, as well as the shifting chronotype over this age range and varying sleep recomme…”
BackgroundThe Need for Sleep in the Adolescent Brain
Galván, A. (2019) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2019.11.002 · Cited by 170
Sleep-related difficulties in healthy children and adolescents
Lewien, C., Genuneit, J., Meigen, C., Kieß, W., & Poulain, T. (2021) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-021-02529-y · Cited by 144
Chaput, J., Saunders, T. J., & Carson, V. (2017) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12508 · Cited by 139
“The National Sleep Foundation in the USA recommends sleeping between 9 and 11 h night 1 for children aged 6–13 years and 8–10 h night 1 for adolescents aged 14–17 years in order to maximize overall health (17).”
BackgroundBrewster, G. S., Riegel, B. J., & Gehrman, P. (2017) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2017.09.002 · Cited by 159
The dark side of social media: Stalking, online self‐disclosure and problematic sleep
Dhir, A., Talwar, S., Kaur, P., Budhiraja, S., & Islam, A. K. M. N. (2021) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.12659 · Cited by 161
Lastella, M., Halson, S. L., Vitale, J. A., Memon, A. R., & Vincent, G. E. (2021) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s315556 · Cited by 162
“As a result, athletes are often unable to obtain the recommended adult night-time sleep duration of 7–9 h per night.(11) The majority of research examining athletes’ sleep has focused on the impact of night-time sleep on performance and recovery.”
BackgroundCOVID-19-related mobility reduction: heterogenous effects on sleep and physical activity rhythms
Ong, J. L., Lau, T., Massar, S. A. A., Chong, Z. T., Ng, B. K. L., Koek, D., Zhao, W., Yeo, B. T. T., Cheong, K., & Chee, M. W. L. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa179 · Cited by 135
“Only 45% of the sample achieved the recommended sleep duration of 7 h (TIB) for this age group [29] on weeknights.”
BackgroundSinha, M., Pande, B., & Sinha, R. (2020) · Journal of Public Health Research · doi:10.4081/jphr.2020.1826 · Cited by 133
Circadian Influence on Metabolism and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis
McAlpine, C. S., & Świrski, F. K. (2016) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.308034 · Cited by 142
“In the United States, 35% of adults get fewer than 7 hours of sleep per night, the minimum amount recommended by the National Sleep Foundation.(144,145) Although temporary sleep deficiency impairs cognition, alertness, and performance, chronic sleep loss contributes to numerous adverse health outcomes including elevat…”
BackgroundRaw Accelerometer Data Analysis with GGIR R-package
Rowlands, A. V., Yates, T. E., Davies, M. J., Khunti, K., & Edwardson, C. L. (2016) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000978 · Cited by 145
“The number of participants who met MVPA guidelines (6, 22) and recently 187 developed sleep guidelines (13) were determined for data from both monitors.”
BackgroundMethodSchool Start Times for Middle School and High School Students — United States, 2011–12 School Year
Wheaton, A. G., Ferro, G., Croft, J. B., & text, A. A. A. E. O. (2015) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6430a1 · Cited by 139
Metadata
- Authors
- Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S. M., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., DonCarlos, L., Hazen, N., Herman, J., Katz, E. S., Kheirandish-Gozal, L., Neubauer, D. N., O’Donnell, A. E., Ohayon, M., Peever, J., Rawding, R., Sachdeva, R. C., Setters, B., Vitiello, M. V., Ware, J. C., & Adams Hillard, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- National Sleep Foundation (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Loyola University Chicago (US)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Georgetown University Medical Center (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Gannon University (US)
- American Academy of Pediatrics (US)
- University of Louisville (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Eastern Virginia Medical School (US)
- Corresponding author
- Whiton, Kaitlyn
- ORCID
- Venue
- Sleep Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 40-43
- ISSN
- 2352-7218 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2088948024
- Semantic Scholar
- 4e3e4c046d6e7145de63397f3a9872f2506375b8
- Cited by
- 4,404
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 396 · 2025: 539 · 2024: 506 · 2023: 502 · 2022: 539 · 2021: 497 · 2020: 392 · 2019: 352 · 2018: 283 · 2017: 184 · 2016: 160 · 2015: 47
- FWCI
- 338.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Sleep Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- American Thoracic Society
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method, sleep disorders
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