Cited by 633Circadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and Work-Related FatigueSleep and related disorders

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Melatonin as a chronobiotic

Arendt, Josephine, Skene, Debra Jean·2005·Sleep Medicine Reviews

DOI 10.1016/j.smrv.2004.05.002

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Abstract

Melatonin, hormone of the pineal gland, is concerned with biological timing. It is secreted at night in all species and in ourselves is thereby associated with sleep, lowered core body temperature, and other night time events. The period of melatonin secretion has been described as 'biological night'. Its main function in mammals is to 'transduce' information about the length of the night, for the organisation of daylength dependent changes, such as reproductive competence. Exogenous melatonin has acute sleepiness-inducing and temperature-lowering effects during 'biological daytime', and when suitably timed (it is most effective around dusk and dawn) it will shift the phase of the human circadian clock (sleep, endogenous melatonin, core body temperature, cortisol) to earlier (advance phase shift) or later (delay phase shift) times. The shifts induced are sufficient to synchronise to 24 h most blind subjects suffering from non-24 h sleep-wake disorder, with consequent benefits for sleep. Successful use of melatonin's chronobiotic properties has been reported in other sleep disorders associated with abnormal timing of the circadian system: jetlag, shiftwork, delayed sleep phase syndrome, some sleep problems of the elderly. No long-term safety data exist, and the optimum dose and formulation for any application remains to be clarified.

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Authors: Arendt, J., & Skene, D. J.
Affiliations: University of Surrey (GB)
ORCID: Skene, Debra Jean
Venue: Sleep Medicine Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2005-02
Volume: 9
Issue: 1
Pages: 25-39
ISSN: 1087-0792 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2004.05.002
OpenAlex: W2165834747
Cited by: 629
References: 112
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 23
FWCI: 9.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Sleep Medicine Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Keywords: melatonin, chronobiotics, circadian rhythm, phase shift, jet lag, shift work, delayed sleep phase syndrome, sleep disorders, core body temperature, pineal gland, exogenous melatonin
MeSH terms: Animals, Chronobiology Phenomena, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Melatonin, Pineal Gland, Photoperiod, Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm

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