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Cited by 99Health disparities and outcomesHealthcare Systems and Public HealthCardiovascular Health and Risk Factors

Causes and demographic, medical, lifestyle and psychosocial predictors of premature mortality: the CARDIA study

Iribarren, Carlos, Jacobs, David R., Kiefe, Catarina I., Lewis, Cora E., Matthews, Karen A., Roseman, Jeffrey M., Hulley, Stephen B.·2005·Social Science & Medicine
DOI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.06.007
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Abstract

We examined the 16-year mortality experience among participants in the baseline examination (1985-86) of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study, a U.S. cohort of 5115 urban adults initially 18-30 years old and balanced by sex and race (black and whites) in the USA. We observed 127 deaths (annual mortality of 0.15%). Compared to white women, the rate ratio (95% confidence interval) of all-cause mortality was 9.3 (4.4, 19.4) among black men, 5.3 (2.5, 11.4) among white men and 2.7 (1.2, 6.1) among black women. The predominant causes of death, which also differed greatly by sex-race, were AIDS (28% of deaths), homicide (16%), unintentional injury (10%), suicide (7%), cancer (7%) and coronary disease (7%). The significant baseline predictors of all-cause mortality in multivariate analysis were male sex, black race, diabetes, self-reported liver and kidney disease, current cigarette smoking and low social support. Two other factors, self-reported thyroid disease and high hostility, were significant predictors in analyses adjusted for age, sex and race. In conclusion, we found striking differences in the rates and underlying cause of death across sex-race groups and several independent predictors of young adult mortality that have major implications for preventive medicine and social policies.

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Authors
Iribarren, C., Jacobs, D. R., Kiefe, C. I., Lewis, C. E., Matthews, K. A., Roseman, J. M., & Hulley, S. B.
Affiliations
  • Kaiser Permanente (US)
  • University of Minnesota (US)
  • University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author
Iribarren, Carlos
ORCID
Venue
Social Science & Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2005-02
Volume
60
Issue
3
Pages
471-482
ISSN
0277-9536 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.06.007
OpenAlex
W2085982515
Cited by
97
References
58
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 10
FWCI
3.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Social Science & Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Network (American Medical Association) (submittedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • World Health Organization
  • Kaiser Permanente
  • National Institutes of Health (n01hc48050-59-0-1, n01hc48048-58-0-1, n01hc48047-55-0-1, n01hc48049-61-0-1, 5r01ag012264-03)
  • National Institute on Aging (R01-AG-12264-01A1)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01HC48050, N01-HC48048, N01-HC-48-049, N01-HC-480-47)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Healthcare Systems and Public Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Keywords
premature mortality, young adults, causes of death, AIDS, homicide, unintentional injuries, suicide, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, social support, hostility, thyroid dysfunction, liver and kidney disease, coronary disease, CARDIA study
MeSH terms
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Coronary Disease, Female, Heart Diseases, Hostility, Humans, Life Style, Male, Risk Factors, Social Support, Socioeconomic Factors, Urban Population, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Multivariate Analysis

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