Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review

Holt-Lunstad, Julianne; Smith, Timothy; Layton, J.

doi:10.4016/19865.01

Cited by 613Health disparities and outcomesAttachment and Relationship DynamicsDeath Anxiety and Social Exclusion

Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review

Holt-Lunstad, Julianne, Smith, Timothy, Layton, J.·2010·SciVee

DOI 10.4016/19865.01

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Abstract

Background: The quality and quantity of individuals' social relationships has been linked not only to mental health but also to both morbidity and mortality.Objectives: This meta-analytic review was conducted to determine the extent to which social relationships influence risk for mortality, which aspects of social relationships are most highly predictive, and which factors may moderate the risk.Data Extraction: Data were extracted on several participant characteristics, including cause of mortality, initial health status, and pre-existing health conditions, as well as on study characteristics, including length of follow-up and type of assessment of social relationships.Results: Across 148 studies (308,849 participants), the random effects weighted average effect size was OR = 1.50 (95% CI 1.42 to 1.59), indicating a 50% increased likelihood of survival for participants with stronger social relationships.This finding remained consistent across age, sex, initial health status, cause of death, and follow-up period.Significant differences were found across the type of social measurement evaluated (p,0.001); the association was strongest for complex measures of social integration (OR = 1.91; 95% CI 1.63 to 2.23) and lowest for binary indicators of residential status (living alone versus with others) (OR = 1.19; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.44). Conclusions:The influence of social relationships on risk for mortality is comparable with well-established risk factors for mortality.

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Challenges Associated With Increased Survival Among Parents Living With HIV
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Hostility, social support, and carotid artery atherosclerosis in The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study
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Social Ties and Survival among the Elderly in Tampere, Finland
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Are social supports in late midlife a cause or a result of successful physical ageing?
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Higher Levels of Social Support Predict Greater Survival following Acute Myocardial Infarction: The Corpus Christi Heart Project
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Is perceived social support a predictor of survival for patients undergoing autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation?
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Social Support and Risk-Adjusted Mortality in a Frail Older Population
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The importance of social relationships, socioeconomic status and health practices with respect to mortality among healthy Ontario males
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Mortality Risk Varies According to Gender and Change in Depressive Status in Very Old Adults
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Do age and social relations moderate the relationship between self-rated health and mortality among adult Danes?
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Psychosocial Factors and the Response to Influenza Vaccination in Older Adults
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Harwood (2001) · doi:10.1002/1099-1166(200102)16:2

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How important are the common factors in psychotherapy? An update
Wampold, B. E. (2015) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20238 · Cited by 1,728 · see citing works
Social Capital and Sleep Quality in Individuals Who Self-Isolated for 14 Days During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in January 2020 in China
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Brain-to-Brain Synchrony during Naturalistic Social Interactions
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Persistence of social signatures in human communication
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Weight-loss intervention adherence and factors promoting adherence: a meta-analysis
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A systematic review of social factors and suicidal behavior in older adulthood
Fässberg, M. M., Orden, K. A. V., Duberstein, P., Erlangsen, A., Lapierre, S., Bodner, E., Canetto, S. S., Leo, D. D., Szanto, K., & Waern, M. (2012) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph9030722 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Psychobiology of social support: The social dimension of stress buffering
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Ten questions concerning thermal comfort and ageing
van Hoof, J., Schellen, L., Soebarto, V. I., Wong, J. K. W., & Kazak, J. K. (2017) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.05.008 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
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Negative aspects of close relationships are more strongly associated than supportive personal relationships with illness burden of irritable bowel syndrome
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Goñi‐Balentziaga, O., Vila, S., Ortega-Saez, I., Vegas, Ó., & Azkona, G. (2021) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani11092639 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Authors: Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T., & Layton, J.
Affiliations: Brigham Young University (US)
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Corresponding author: Holt-Lunstad, Julianne
ORCID: Holt-Lunstad, Julianne
Smith, Timothy
Layton, J.
Venue: SciVee
Publisher: SciVee, Inc
Published: 2010-07-27
DOI: 10.4016/19865.01
OpenAlex: W4245702504
Cited by: 613
References: 171
Citations by year: 2026: 26 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 81 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 15
Type: dataset
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: SciVee (publishedVersion)
Funders: Brigham Young University
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Keywords: interpersonal relationships, mortality risk, social integration, social networks, living alone, social support, causes of death, health status, mortality risk factors, social determinants of health

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Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review

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