The DOI matches its Crossref record; 71 of the 75 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 90 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review
Open accessAbstract
Background The Covid-19 pandemic is straining healthcare systems in the US and globally, which has wide-reaching implications for health. Women experience unique health risks and outcomes influenced by their gender, and this narrative review aims to outline how these differences are exacerbated in the Covid-19 pandemic. Observations It has been well described that men suffer from greater morbidity and mortality once infected with SARS-CoV-2. This review analyzed the health, economic, and social systems that result in gender-based differences in the areas healthcare workforce, reproductive health, drug development, gender-based violence, and mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic. The increased risk of certain negative health outcomes and reduced healthcare access experienced by many women are typically exacerbated during pandemics. We assess data from previous disease outbreaks coupled with literature from the Covid-19 pandemic to examine the impact of gender on women’s SARS-CoV-2 exposure and disease risks and overall health status during the Covid-19 pandemic. Conclusions Gender differences in health risks and implications are likely to be expanded during the Covid-19 pandemic. Efforts to foster equity in health, social, and economic systems during and in the aftermath of Covid-19 may mitigate the inequitable risks posed by pandemics and other times of healthcare stress.
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In the paper
“Outside of the current pandemic, the US's poor obstetric and neonatal healthcare indicators are largely driven by worse rates of maternal morbidity and mortality within Black and Native populations (Petersen et al., 2019).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Reproductive healthcare
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Petersen et al., 2019 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Beyond the paid workforce, 65% of informal family caregivers in the US are women (Feinberg et al., 2011).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Caregiver workforce
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Feinberg et al., 2011
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Women are concentrated in roles requiring the most close, prolonged contact with patients (Fig. 1) (US Census Bureau, 2020).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Caregiver workforce
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites US Census Bureau, 2020
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“These changes likely negatively impact maternal and neonatal outcomes (Elmir et al., 2010; Goodman et al., 2004).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Reproductive healthcare
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“This study found no difference in death among pregnant and non-pregnant women.”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Reproductive healthcare
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ellington et al., 2020
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Initial reports indicate that women are at decreased risk of severe disease and death with SARS-CoV-2 infection than men (Purdie et al., 2020; Richardson et al., 2020).”
- Also stated in: § Observations · boosted
“It has been well described that men suffer from greater morbidity and mortality once infected with SARS-CoV-2.”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Purdie et al., 2020
- Not checked yetcites Richardson et al., 2020 source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Observations · boosted
In the paper
“Women compose the majority of the healthcare workforce; 76% of US healthcare workers are women (Fig. 1 ) (US Census Bureau, 2020).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Caregiver workforce
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites US Census Bureau, 2020
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In the paper
“The Covid-19 pandemic is already exacerbating women's caregiver responsibilities with schools and childcare centers preventatively closed nationwide in the US (Graves, 2020).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Caregiver workforce
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Graves, 2020
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In the paper
“Pandemics limit access to the healthcare system, notably to preventative and reproductive healthcare.”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Reproductive healthcare
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In the paper
“Moreover, Black and Latinx, low-income, and immigrant women are all at greatest risk of being uninsured (The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation [KFF], 2016) and subsequently being unable to access healthcare should they become sick from their caregiving roles.”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Caregiver workforce
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites KFF, 2016
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Reports from the CDC emphasize healthcare workers’ increased risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 given the close interaction with high concentrations of patients and visitors amidst shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) (CDC, 2020a).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Caregiver workforce
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites CDC, 2020a
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In an effort to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infection, pregnant people have had their autonomy limited during this pandemic, including visitor restrictions during labor (CDC, 2020b), forced separation of SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers and infants (CDC, 2020b), and the potential for reduced options for anesthesia due to limited resources for respiratory support (Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinat”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Reproductive healthcare
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites CDC, 2020b
- Not checked yetcites Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology, 2020
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Despite this potential increase in unintended pregnancies and financial strain of the pandemic's economic fall-out, some states are threating to halt abortion services (Ollstein, 2020), inaccurately denoting these procedures as elective and able to be delayed (Smith et al., 2018; Watson, 2018; Bayefsky et al., 2020).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Reproductive healthcare
What the sources say
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In the paper
“Outside of the pandemic, women on average report more physical and mental unhealthy days per year than men despite utilizing more preventive care services (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2013).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites CDC, 2013
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In the paper
“However, this study was limited by missing data points among its participants including pregnancy status (missing for nearly 75% of participants) and medical comorbidities (missing in close to 80% of cases).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Reproductive healthcare
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ellington et al., 2020
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In the paper
“Outside of the healthcare workforce, women, particularly women of color and immigrants, constitute the majority of US domestic workers and caregivers that are paid outside of formal channels (Diaz-Ordaz, 2010). Although these workers play critical roles in the care of children, the sick, and the elderly, many legal protections afforded to formal caregivers (including health insurance, overtime pay”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Caregiver workforce
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Diaz-Ordaz, 2010
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“One-third of US women reported delays or cancellations in sexual and reproductive healthcare, with a higher proportion of reports from Black, Latinx, LGBTQIA, and low-income women. Women in these groups also report more concern about their ability to access sexual and reproductive healthcare services, particularly contraception (Lindberg et al., 2020).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Reproductive healthcare
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lindberg et al., 2020
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“According to Ellington et al. (2020), pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at greater risk for severe illness when compared to non-pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2, including increased risk of hospitalization (aRR = 5.4, 95% CI 5.1–5.6), intensive care unit admission (aRR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.2–1.8) and mechanical ventilation (aRR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.4).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Reproductive healthcare
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ellington et al., 2020
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gender is a social determinant of health, unique from but entangled with sex differences (Springer et al., 2012; Rich-Edwards et al., 2018)”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Introduction
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Due to their personal caregiving responsibilities, working women lose roughly $5000 annually in income from wage penalties and reduced hours (Van Houtven et al., 2013). Conversely, male informal caregivers do not experience any difference in income for these responsibilities (Van Houtven et al., 2013).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Caregiver workforce
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Van Houtven et al., 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Racial disparities in access to and utilization of healthcare services and provider and institutional bias contribute to these outcomes, all of which may worsen during the health system stress of pandemics (Moaddab et al., 2018; American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists [ACOG], 2015; Rosenthal and Lobel, 2011).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Reproductive healthcare
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Moaddab et al., 2018 source
- Not checked yetcites ACOG, 2015
- Not checked yetcites Rosenthal and Lobel, 2011
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Women also have worse outcomes for prevalent health conditions including asthma (CDC, 2013), diabetes (Roche and Wang, 2013), and myocardial infarctions (Mehta et al., 2016).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites CDC, 2013
- Not checked yetcites Roche and Wang, 2013
- Not checked yetcites Mehta et al., 2016 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“although PPE is often marketed as “unisex,” findings show that they are manufactured according to traditional male proportions (Trades Union Congress, 2017). This has led to some women wearing ill-fitting PPE, potentially compromising their degree of protection (Pugh, 2020).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Caregiver workforce
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Trades Union Congress, 2017
- Not checked yetcites Pugh, 2020
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Additionally, there have been increased cesarean section rates among SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, which are often performed before term, increasing the risk of complications for both the mother and neonate (Della Gatta et al., 2020; Matar et al., 2020).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Reproductive healthcare
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Della Gatta et al., 2020 source
- Not checked yetcites Matar et al., 2020
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In the paper
“With increased job loss due to the pandemic (Nicola et al., 2020), many women are forced to work part-time in multiple healthcare facilities without paid sick leave, thereby increasing their risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and transmission to others (Pichler et al., 2020).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Caregiver workforce
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nicola et al., 2020 source
- Not checked yetcites Pichler et al., 2020
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In the paper
“Consequently, it is likely that women are experiencing more caregiver burden during the pandemic while being isolated from the social supports needed to reduce this burden.”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Caregiver workforce
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Despite the decreased desire to become pregnant, women have experienced logistical and political threats to contraception and abortion access during the Covid-19 pandemic.”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Reproductive healthcare
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Outside of disease outbreaks, female caregivers are more likely to experience a specific stress termed “caregiver burden,” the multidimensional toll that caregivers experience to their social, emotional, spiritual, financial, and physical wellbeing (Adelman et al., 2014). Perceived lack of agency in choosing the role, financial stress, and social isolation are associated with higher caregiver”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Caregiver workforce
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Adelman et al., 2014 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The increased risk of certain negative health outcomes and reduced healthcare access experienced by many women are typically exacerbated during pandemics.”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Abstract > Observations
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In the paper
“More broadly, differences in screening, testing, and indications for hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 among pregnant and non-pregnant people may cloud the reported conclusions, and it is unclear if the increased risks seen among pregnant people are from obstetric or SARS-CoV-2 related complications (Ellington et al., 2020).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Reproductive healthcare
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ellington et al., 2020
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In the paper
“A multinational survey found that women without social support are more vulnerable to negative mental health outcomes than men without social connections, due to women's greater reliance on social support (Dalgard et al., 2006).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Psychological response to stress
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dalgard et al., 2006 source
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In the paper
“Incidents of IPV and gender-based violence (GBV) increased globally during the Ebola (2014) and Zika (2016) outbreaks (Davies and Bennett, 2016) and are escalating during Covid-19 (North, 2020).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Intimate partner and gender-based violence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Davies and Bennett, 2016
- Not checked yetcites North, 2020
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In the paper
“Beyond its direct implications for physical and mental health, IPV is a social determinant of health and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality for co-occurring diseases (Miller and Mccaw, 2019).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Intimate partner and gender-based violence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Miller and Mccaw, 2019 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The Covid-19 pandemic also presents a perfect storm for female informal caregivers to experience increased burden, as mentioned above, which has demonstrated negative outcomes such as poor self-care, depression, and anxiety (Adelman et al., 2014).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Psychological response to stress
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Adelman et al., 2014 source
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In the paper
“This, coupled with the mental and economic strains of the pandemic, is likely initiating and exacerbating IPV and GBV (Van Gelder et al., 2020).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Intimate partner and gender-based violence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Van Gelder et al., 2020
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“These issues will both contribute to the development of mental health disorders and limit access to mental health resources for women during and after the pandemic.”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Psychological response to stress
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Previous work suggests that gendered differences in mental health disorders outside of the disease outbreaks exist largely due to structurally imposed strains on women (Afifi, 2007), with disproportionate impacts on Black, Latinx, Native, and immigrant populations, partially due to discrimination (American Psychiatric Association, 2007; Greenwood et al., 2017).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Psychological response to stress
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Afifi, 2007
- Not checked yetcites American Psychiatric Association, 2007
- Not checked yetcites Greenwood et al., 2017 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Despite greater utilization of mental health resources, women in the US are twice as likely to have unmet needs for mental health services as men, often because of inadequate insurance coverage and stigma associated with seeking care (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2010).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Psychological response to stress
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites US Department of Health and Human Services, 2010
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Despite the challenges in access to family planning in a pandemic, medication abortion facilitated by telemedicine is prohibited in eighteen US states (Guttmacher Institute, 2020). Even if pregnant people obtain prescriptions for medication abortions, mifepristone—one of the drugs used—is subject to Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) restrictions (Mifeprex REMS Study Group, 2017). The”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Reproductive healthcare
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Guttmacher Institute, 2020
- Not checked yetcites Mifeprex REMS Study Group, 2017
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Continued restrictions on abortion will inevitably increase the number of pregnant people needing obstetric care during and in the aftermath of this pandemic, burdening an already under-resourced healthcare system.”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Reproductive healthcare
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Women are underrepresented in drug development trials; many researchers fail to design studies with adequate samples of women, and even fewer analyze results according to gender and sex (Liu and Mager, 2016; Nowogrodzki, 2017).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Drug development
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Liu and Mager, 2016
- Not checked yetcites Nowogrodzki, 2017 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Together, these circumstances represent dangerous, often tragic, public health emergencies that disproportionately affect women.”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Intimate partner and gender-based violence
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While these risk factors can affect the mental health of all populations during the Covid-19 pandemic, there is likely a differential impact on women.”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Psychological response to stress
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Gender roles tend to be reinforced during times of disease outbreak (Smith, 2019; Davies and Bennett, 2016). This likely increases feelings of stress, dissatisfaction, and lack of autonomy among women as they try to reconcile their self-identity with their imposed roles.”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Psychological response to stress
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Smith, 2019 source
- Not checked yetcites Davies and Bennett, 2016
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The pandemic will have immediate and long-term effects on women's health, highlighting the importance of gender analysis in its planning and response.”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Gender blindness leads to health interventions that may be less effective for women at best and directly harmful to their wellbeing at worst—outcomes demonstrated in previous disease outbreaks (Smith, 2019; Davies and Bennett, 2016).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Smith, 2019 source
- Not checked yetcites Davies and Bennett, 2016
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, the current body of knowledge overwhelmingly focuses on differences among genders that are detrimental to women.”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Discussion
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“During disease outbreaks, “gender blindness”—the systemic failure to acknowledge gender differences in health—pervades and hinders response efforts (Smith, 2019).”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Smith, 2019 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There may be aspects of women's experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic and other disease outbreaks that are beneficial to women's health, but our discussion of those topics is limited by the negativity bias of reporting in the literature.”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Discussion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Much of the literature cited here regarding gender and disease outbreaks come from the SARS, Ebola, and Zika outbreaks.”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, we recognize that gender is often framed through a lens of ethnocentrism, classism, and heteronormativity, which limits our description of the literature.”
§ Health risks and outcomes that disproportionately affect women during the Covid-19 pandemic: A review > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
Health inequities are compounded in women who have intersecting identities such as non-white race, low socioeconomic status, immigrant status, lower education, older age, rural location, disability, and LGBTQIA identity.
“These health inequities are compounded in women with intersecting identities such as non-white race, low socioeconomic status (SES), immigrant status, lower education, older age, rural geographic location, disability, and LGBTQIA identity.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The societal effects of the Covid-19 pandemic disproportionately impact marginalized populations.
“Much as the SARS-CoV-2 virus confers disproportionate morbidity to individuals on the periphery of health—the elderly and those with chronic medical conditions—the societal effects of the pandemic disproportionately impact marginalized populations.”
Claims other papers make about this one
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In the citing paper
“For migrant women with young children, especially single mothers, the risk for mental health issues, including depression, is high due to the accumulation of risk factors (e.g., caregiving roles, economic insecurity) (44, 46).”
From Social Isolation, Loneliness and Health: A Descriptive Study of the Experiences of Migrant Mothers With Young Children (0–5 Years Old) at La Maison Bleue (2022) · cites this paper as [44]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Our results, as well as the emerging literature on the COVID-19 pandemic' impacts on wellbeing and mental health, highlight the vulnerability and the potential severe and long-term effects that the pandemic may have for certain groups (21, 44, 45).”
From Social Isolation, Loneliness and Health: A Descriptive Study of the Experiences of Migrant Mothers With Young Children (0–5 Years Old) at La Maison Bleue (2022) · cites this paper as [44]
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Developing Covid-19 Vaccines at Pandemic Speed
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Acute Myocardial Infarction in Women: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Mehta, L. S., Beckie, T. M., DeVon, H. A., Grines, C. L., Krumholz, H. M., Johnson, M. N., Lindley, K. J., Vaccarino, V., Wang, T. Y., Watson, K. E., et al. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000351 · Cited by 1,244
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Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Ollstein, 2020, Judges block 3 states from enforcing abortion bans pegged to pandemic, Politico
- Purdie, 2020, Sex, gender and COVID-19: disaggregated data and health disparities, BMJ Global Health Blog
- Rasmussen, 2019, Ebola vaccine for pregnant women: one step closer but more to go, STAT
- Townsend, 2020, Revealed: surge in domestic violence during Covid-19 crisis, Observer
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 554
Trower, R., Hurley, L., Murphy, E. R., Durand, H., Farrell, K. D., Meade, O., Molloy, G. J., & McSharry, J. (2022) · HRB Open Research · doi:10.12688/hrbopenres.13573.1 · Cited by 1
SUICIDIO E INTENTOS DE SUICIDIO EN LOS PRIMEROS 24 MESES DE PANDEMIA POR COVID-19 EN CHILE
Quapper, D. D. (2022) · Revista Chilena de Atención Primaria y Salud Familiar · doi:10.5354/2735-7805.2022.68354 · Cited by 1
Diskriminierung in der medialen Berichterstattung
Ruhrmann, G. (2022) · Springer Reference Sozialwissenschaften · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-11119-9_20-5 · Cited by 1
ANCAMAN KERAWANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP KESEHATAN MENTAL SEBAGAI EFEK PASCA PANDEMI
Atmojo, J. T., Iswahyuni, S., Sunaryanti, S. S. H., Puspitasary, K., Setyorini, C., Susanti, R. F., Hanifah, L., Rejo, R., Nurhayati, I., Widyaningrum, N. R., et al. (2022) · Avicenna Journal of Health Research · doi:10.36419/avicenna.v5i2.694 · Cited by 1
“Tidak mengherankan, karena beban yang meningkat, wanita menunjukkan tingkat stres yang lebih tinggi selama pandemi (Matheson & McIntyre 2014; Ma et al. 2021; Connor et al. 2020).”
Zhang, X., Sumathipala, M. G., & Žitnik, M. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.01.17.21249988 · Cited by 1
Effects of The Pandemic On Women’s Reproductive Health Protective Attitudes: A Turkish SamplePreprint
Şenol, D. K., & Polat, F. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1074478/v1 · Cited by 1
Promoting Women’s Health and Gender Equality
Fantasia, H. C. (2023) · Nursing for Women s Health · doi:10.1016/j.nwh.2023.01.001 · Cited by 1
Lessons for effective COVID-19 policy responses: a call for papers
Tangcharoensathien, V., Yamamoto, N., Topothai, C., Pangkariya, N., Patcharanarumol, W., & Suphanchaimat, R. (2021) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · doi:10.2471/blt.21.285877
De coronacrisis en de tragiek van ongelijkheid
Anholt, R., & Hoijtink, M. (2021) · Beleid en Maatschappij · doi:10.5553/benm/138900692021048001008
What do we know about violence against women in pandemic times? Insights based on search trendsPreprint
Guatimosim, R. F., Teles, A. L. S., Loureiro, F. F., da Silva, A. G., de Miranda, D. M., & Malloy‐Diniz, L. F. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.05.26.21257747
“As pointed by Connor et al. (2020) gender disparities in risks and health implications are likely to be amplified during the Covid-19 pandemic.”
Exploring Factors Associated with Pregnant Womxn’s Experiences of Material Hardship during COVID-19Preprint
Johnson, L. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-569023/v1
Gender Disparities in Access to Care for Time-Sensitive Conditions During COVID-19 Pandemic in ChilePreprint
Pacheco, J., Crispi, F., Alfaro, T., Martínez, M. S. C., & Cuadrado, C. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3690335
Keterkaitan Antara Kebiasaan Mencuci Tangan, Pengurangan Kemiskinan dan Angka Harapan Hidup:
Ridho, S. L. Z., Mellita, D., & Syafei, A. W. (2021) · MBIA · doi:10.33557/mbia.v20i1.1296
Lawrence, A. J., Fatima, U., Ali, F., Arif, S., Abraham, A., Dwivedi, S., & Khan, T. (2021) · Journal of Sociological Research
Vernaglia, T. V. C., Paravidino, V. B., Silva, E. S., Valiati, L., Heritage, P., Priebe, S., & Cruz, M. S. (2021) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v10i13.21508
Lopez, J. E. G. (2021) · doi:10.22541/au.163519367.70608655/v1
“Gender differences are also intensified, as shown in a study that shows that female caregivers are more likely to contract SARS-CoV-2 because of increased exposure risk (Connor et al., 2020).”
Infected Versus Affected: Gender Disparity and the Service Industry Workforce During COVID-19
Rosemberg, M.-A. S., & Gallagher, S. (2022) · Workplace Health & Safety · doi:10.1177/21650799211055173
Women’s health in times of COVID-19 pandemic. Do sex and gender matter?
Zembala-John, J. (2021) · Polish Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2478/pjph-2021-0014
Editorial_Anxiety and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Sousa, A. D. (2021) · Indian Journal of Mental Health(IJMH) · doi:10.30877/ijmh.8.2.2021.123-127
How COVID-19 affects peripartum women’s mental health
Tillman, B. (2021) · Current Psychiatry · doi:10.12788//cp.0129
Clair, C., Schlueter, V., Dominicé Dao, M., & Gayet Ageron, A. (2021) · SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) · doi:10.53738/revmed.2021.17.737.0881
Soetrisno, S., Nurinasari, H., Cahyanto, E. B., Maulina, R., Nurhidayati, S., Arifa, H. N. A., Jayanti, C. D., Ansori, A. N. M., Rahmawati, N. Y., & Novika, R. G. H. (2022) · International Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.53730/ijhs.v6ns2.5017
“The modulation of immune function is directly regulated through stress factors inhibit T-helper 1 (Th1) activity; however, T-helper 2 (Th2) is overstimulated (Connor et al., 2020).”
In pursuit of a community-informed group prenatal care model for telehealth use
Lessard, L. N., Wiemann, A. N., Oberholtzer, C., Coleman‐Phox, K., Chambers, B. D., & Kuppermann, M. (2022) · The Journal of Health Design · doi:10.21853/jhd.2022.171
“Loss of employment and childcare disproportionately affected people of colour, creating economic destabilisation and disrupting family patterns.(20) These issues also surfaced in our interviews.”
Review of Women’s Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact on Sexual and Reproductive Health Care
Fisher, I., & Baldwin, S. B. (2022) · Undergraduate Journal of Public Health · doi:10.3998/ujph.2320
dos Anjos, L. N., Vieira, C. C., Franco, M. R., Melo, I. A. D. C., Lessa, V. V. S., Almeida, Y. C. D. S., & Nogueira, M. D. P. (2022) · Brazilian Journal of Health Review · doi:10.34119/bjhrv5n3-296
Armstrong, A. J., Hawley, C. E., Su, Y., Marmor, A., Sviri, S., Schwartz, I., Shiri, S., & Meiner, Z. (2022) · Medical Research Archives · doi:10.18103/mra.v10i6.2812
The Pandemic for Women in Dentistry
Dhillon, H. S., Manalikuzhiyil, B., Sasidharan, S., Dhillon, G. K., & Babitha, M. (2021) · Dentistry and Medical Research · doi:10.4103/dmr.dmr_18_21
Freitas, L. C., de Castro, M. I. M., Vicentini, B. S., dos Santos, T. D. C., da Costa, M. C. P., & de Moraes, D. B. (2022) · Connection line - Revista Eletrônica do Univag · doi:10.18312/connectionline.v0i27.1939
Ollier, J., Mishra, R., Mair, J. L., Salamanca-Sanabria, A., Fleisch, E., von Wangenheim, F., & Kowatsch, T. (2022) · doi:10.2196/preprints.41296
Ollier, J., Suryapalli, P., Fleisch, E., von Wangenheim, F., Mair, J. L., Salamanca-Sanabria, A., & Kowatsch, T. (2022) · doi:10.2196/preprints.41300
Covid-19 Pandemic and Women’s Reproductive and Sexual Health
Brahmachari, D. (2022) · International Handbook of Disaster Research · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-8800-3_157-1
de Oliveira, T. B., Rodrigues, L. S., dos Santos, W. R. F., Hirata, M. Y., Silva, C. V. D. S., & Mazucheli, J. (2022) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v11i16.37666
“The effect of the pandemic can be further enhanced by considering women vulnerable to poverty and with diminished access to health services (Connor et al., 2020).”
de França, N. D. O. M. G., & Chinaglia, M. L. M. (2022) · Mandrágora · doi:10.15603/2176-0985/mandragora.v28n2p79-106
Scita, F., & Artoni, P. (2022) · RIVISTA SPERIMENTALE DI FRENIATRIA · doi:10.3280/rsf2022-003006
Schulder, T., Rudenstine, S., Ettman, C. K., & Galea, S. (2023) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2023.2177684
“This is consistent with reports demonstrating the increased burden of the pandemic more broadly on women (Almeida et al., 2020b; Connor et al., 2020; Gausman & Langer, 2020; Peck, 2021; Power, 2020).”
The Unbearable Lightness of Rights
Eliadis, P. (2023) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003376316-4
Freiheit und Autonomie von Frauen in Zeiten der Coronakrise
Gerhards, H., Ronneburg, M., Bittner, U., & Weber, K. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-39129-4_5
Scales, S. E., & Horney, J. A. (2023) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80262-115-020231003
Montgomerie, E. K., Michel, C., Covarrubias, A. P. S., & Duthely, L. M. (2023) · HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care · doi:10.2147/hiv.s388307
“Women, who are often ascribed structural roles within the home, like caregiving, are disproportionately affected by chronic stress due to their primary role as domestic caregivers.(11,42) Figure 1 Box plots of PSI stress (A and B) and Support (C and D) scores, comparing 5 and 10-year Diagnosis Groups.”
Lake, S., Cooper, Z. D., Ong, K., & Lucas, P. (2023) · Promotion de la santé et prévention des maladies chroniques au Canada · doi:10.24095/hpcdp.43.3.02f
An Insight into Gender Specific Comparison of COVID-19 Patients in Lahore, Pakistan
Faisal, A., Shoaib, N., Jamil, N., & Batool, R. (2022) · Pakistan Journal of Public Health · doi:10.32413/pjph.v12i3.1075
Yeh, C.-C., Lee, Y.-T., Chien, C., Chen, P., Chen, J., & Liu, C.-H. (2023) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s399242
“For example, compared with male patients, female patients expressed greater concerns regarding COVID-19-related impact.(18) Female and younger patients also experienced higher psychological distress during the pandemic compared to its baseline.”
HOW FAMİLY PLANNİNG SERVİCES WERE AFFECTED DURİNG THE COVID-19 PANDEMİC?
Karakaş, S., Aktürk, N. B. K., & İŞBAY, B. (2023) · Izmir Democracy University Health Sciences Journal · doi:10.52538/iduhes.1181046
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Women
Khan, T., Arif, S., & Lawrence, A. J. (2023) · BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks · doi:10.2174/9789815165944123010008
Bennett, S. J., Hunt, R., Breathett, K. K., Eaton, C. B., García, L., Jiménez, M. C., Johns, T. S., Mouton, C. P., Nassir, R., Nuño, T., et al. (2023) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glad133
COVID-19 EM TRABALHADORES DA SAÚDE: UM ESTUDO ECOLÓGICO A PARTIR DE DADOS DO SINAN, 2020-2021
Romano, P. H., Hillesheim, D., Hallal, A. L. C., Menegon, F. A., & Menegon, L. D. S. (2023) · Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2022-0325pt
“No que tange ao sexo, trabalhadoras atuantes em diversos setores da saúde foram amplamente afetadas pela COVID-19 6 .”
In-Between Space: Latinas Sharing their Stories of Cultural Integration
Fuster, M. E. (2023) · Dominican Scholar (Dominican University of California) · doi:10.33015/dominican.edu/2023.at.phd.02
Ogbu, E., Adisa, I., & Prince, C. (2023) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80262-251-520231020
Tsai, J., Hird, R., & Collier, A. (2023) · Journal of Community Health · doi:10.1007/s10900-023-01267-9
Rosén, L., Scott, S. D., Shukla, R., Poe, D. J., & Ahmed, S. N. N. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3243579/v1
Covid-19 Pandemic and Its Effects on Social Life and Reflections on Spatial Preferences
Kahveci, H., & Onur, M. (2022) · International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability · doi:10.11113/ijbes.v10.n1.1048
Impact of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic on climacteric women’s health: Websurvey
Pezzali, L. G., Ferreira, F. V., Ferreira, F. V., & Wender, M. C. O. (2023) · Climacteric · doi:10.1080/13697137.2023.2246877
“…psychological changes may occur (e.g. vulnerability to depression), possibly due to hormonal effects [19]. in addition, according to connor et al. [20], the health risks and their implications were exacerbated in the pandemic, specifically for women in vulnerable situations (e.g. with a violent…”
Huff, A. J., & Lutrick, K. (2023) · Advances in human resources management and organizational development book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-8691-7.ch002
Covid-19 Pandemic and Women’s Reproductive and Sexual Health
Brahmachari, D. (2023) · International Handbook of Disaster Research · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-8388-7_157
The Motivational Divide: Addressing the Diverse Student Body in Challenging Times
Cockburn, J., Hong, W., Aziz, Y. F. B. A., Vadivelu, J. S., & Foong, C. C. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-5076-8_5
Examination of Lung and Thorax Volume of Patients with Covid 19 Positive
KABAKCİ, A. G., Taşova, Y., & Bozkır, M. G. (2023) · Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.35440/hutfd.1293941
PANDEMIC-INDUCED STRESS ESCALATION AMONG WOMEN IN NORTH MACEDONIA
Илиева, Н., Poposka, V., Илиев, Д., Papestiev, I. A., Markova, A. D., Tofoski, G., Jovanovska, V., & Orovčanec, N. (2023) · Journal of Morphological Sciences · doi:10.55302/jms2362147i
Burton, C. D., Gadarian, S. K., Goodman, S. W., & Pepinsky, T. B. (2023) · Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law · doi:10.1215/03616878-11066288
Diskriminierung in der medialen Berichterstattung
Ruhrmann, G. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-42800-6_20
Perceived Health Risks, Health Behaviors, and BMI Among Diverse Adults in Israel
Videl, H., Levin, C., & Chertok, I. R. A. (2023) · Journal of Transcultural Nursing · doi:10.1177/10436596231217681
“Understanding differences in health behavior based on gender is important, as men tend to suffer from more severe COVID-19 infections and exhibit higher mortality than women (Global Health 50/50, 2020; Connor et al., 2020; Xie et al., 2020).”
Moya, C., Sattler, S., Taflinger, S., & Sauer, C. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-48829-4
“…members who perceive their risk of being laid off as higher could increase their work effort with the hope of avoiding being laid off, which may increase stress and exhaustion 53 , adding to the already disparate effects of the pandemic on women, older individuals, and ethnic minorities 76,77 .”
Focus on long-COVID: Perimenopause and post-COVID chronic fatigue
Pinkerton, J. V. (2023) · OBG Management · doi:10.12788/obgm.0333
Assessing Lung Function and Quality of Life in COVID-19 Patients: A Pilot Study
Fekri, M. S., Salajegheh, F., Rukerd, M. R. Z., Nakhaie, M., Bazrafshani, M. S., Goharriz, F., & Miri, M. S. S. (2024) · Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews · doi:10.2174/011573398x268451231212111328
Digital Communication of ‘Aisyiyah during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Kinanti, D. N., & Widjanarko, P. (2023) · Communicatus Jurnal Ilmu komunikasi · doi:10.15575/cjik.v7i2.21503
Acceptability of gynecologic e-health modalities by Hispanic/Latina women of reproductive age
Alvarado, A., Echevarria, P. M. R., Cotto-Vázquez, A. C., Núñez-González, S., Nieves-Vázquez, C. I., Sierra, C., Más-Vayas, L., Soto-Soto, D. M., Llorens, A., Bell, C., et al. (2024) · Health Policy and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.hlpt.2024.100841
Andrés, A. G., Tovar, M. E. R., & Aguayo‐Tellez, E. (2024) · Educational Research for Policy and Practice · doi:10.1007/s10671-023-09364-1
“Previous studies have emphasized that social isolation, caregiving responsibilities, and job insecurity are associated with negative mental health (Connor et al., 2020).”
Daari, L., Nichol, E., Peak, J., Urbanoski, K. A., Valeriote, H., & Milligan, K. (2024) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.13136
Ip, P. T. T., Zhang, Y., & Liu, X. (2024) · Journal of Gender Studies · doi:10.1080/09589236.2024.2315036
Gender Disparities in the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Germany
Müller, K. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51237-7_17
Polityka, kultura i społeczeństwo w czasach pandemii. Wybrane zagadnienia
Sędkowski, M., Stelmach, M., Kurowski, B., Zaręba, M., Socha, M., Matiaszczyk, N., Sempach, M., Chudzicka-Dudzik, P., & Łukowska, M. A. (2022) · Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego eBooks · doi:10.18778/8220-766-1
Women in a Time of Crisis: Inequality of Roles in the Family During the Pandemic In Indonesia
Hasanah, U., Muassomah, M., Wijayati, M., & Abdullah, I. (2023) · PALASTREN Jurnal Studi Gender · doi:10.21043/palastren.v16i2.19182
Wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na kariery akademickie kobiet
Chudzicka‐Dudzik, P. (2022) · Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego eBooks · doi:10.18778/8220-766-1.08
Atividade física, depressão, ansiedade e estresse em adultos e idosos na pandemia COVID-19 no Brasil
de Azevedo, M. J., Costa, G. P., Andrella, J. L., Lizzi, E. A. D. S., & Trapé, Á. A. (2024) · Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde · doi:10.12820/rbafs.28e0323
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Epidemiology of Mental Disorders in Adult Women
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Vulnerabilidade social no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19: uma discussão bioética
Alves, P. D., & Seidl, E. M. F. (2024) · CADERNOS IBERO-AMERICANOS DE DIREITO SANITÁRIO · doi:10.17566/ciads.v13i1.1205
Psychological Well-Being of Women in Poland during two Waves of the Pandemic
Rostek, I., Twardowska-Staszek, E., & Biel, K. (2023) · Perspektywy Kultury · doi:10.35765/pk.2024.4502.29
Diaz, F. M., & Clark, Z. (2024) · Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education · doi:10.5406/21627223.241.02
Malik, A. H., Rehman, A. U., Ayub, R., Ozili, P. K., & Hussain, A. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4999151
Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of middle-aged and older Europeans
Wilk, P., & Cuschieri, S. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-74429-x
“…sustained a higher pandemic-induced socioeconomic burden than males, especially considering that most single parents are females, females tend to have lower paying jobs than males as well as make up a larger proportion of the healthcare workforce with higher COVID-19 infectivity risk 21,68,69 .”
la Rosa-Gómez, A. D., Hernández-Posadas, A., Valencia, P. D., Flores-Plata, L. A., & Elvira, A. I. F. (2024) · Salud Mental · doi:10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2024.032
“…to health services, social inequality, reproductive problems, parenting and family care, as well as domestic violence (Almeida et al., 2020; Brooks et al., 2020; Connor et al., 2020; Dlamini, 2021; Rodríguez-Qui - roga et al., 2020; Sediri et al., 2020; Thibaut & van Wijn - gaarden-Cremers, 2020).”
The Effect of Home Visits on Depression and Anxiety in Pregnant Patients During COVID-19
Lalita, E. M., Pratiwi, D., Donsu, A., & Olii, N. (2023) · JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN · doi:10.31965/infokes.vol22.iss3.1305
Feminist identity is associated with positive COVID-19 vaccine behaviors and beliefs
Horsting, T., Ramirez, M. D., & Wood, R. M. (2024) · European Journal of Politics and Gender · doi:10.1332/25151088y2024d000000062
“As women make up 70 percent of the healthcare workforce globally (Boniol et al, 2019) and nearly 80 percent in the US (Connor et al, 2020), they were overrepresented on the frontlines caring for infectious patients during COVID-19.”
Mejía-Castrejón, J., Caro-Vega, Y. N., Sierra-Madero, J. G., López-Íñiguez, Á., & Crabtree‐Ramírez, B. (2024) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-024-04548-z
“Education and training for healthcare professionals are associated with a major likelihood of screening for suicide risk and with higher self-confidence in suicide assessment skills [36].”
How the US National Institutes of Health is confronting health threats in a changing world
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Comprehensive Review of Healthcare Workforce Needs, Training, And Long-Term Workforce Planning
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How Has COVID-19 Shifted Our Understanding of Traditional Finance?Preprint
Corbet, S., & Conlon, T. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5013030
Shinberg, D. S. (2025) · The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology · doi:10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosw023.pub2
Alhasan, D. M., Gaston, S. A., Strassle, P. D., Nápoles, A. M., & Jackson, C. L. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.11638
Resilience Factors Mitigate the Impact of (COVID)-19 Concerns on Depressive Symptoms
Kim, Y., & Cho, S. (2025) · American Journal of Health Behavior · doi:10.5993/ajhb.49.2.4
Effect of the Covid Pandemic on Women’s Health
DeMasi, M., & Bujold, L. (2025) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/j.pop.2025.01.009
Metadata
- Authors
- Connor, J., Madhavan, S., Mokashi, M., Amanuel, H., Johnson, N. R., Pace, L. E., & Bartz, D.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Connor, Jade
- ORCID
- Venue
- Social Science & Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-12
- Volume
- 266
- Pages
- 113364
- ISSN
- 0277-9536 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7487147
- OpenAlex
- W3085791039
- Semantic Scholar
- 5f91593e262883768d4fad93c4f7e87d1b18ba14
- Cited by
- 555
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 92 · 2023: 115 · 2022: 152 · 2021: 120 · 2020: 8
- FWCI
- 16.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Social Science & Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007753)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Gender, Health, and Social Inequality
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, gender differences in health, women's health, healthcare workforce, reproductive health, drug development, gender-based violence, mental health, health care access, health equity, economic impact of pandemic
- MeSH terms
- Intimate Partner Violence, Drug Development, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Female, Health Status, Humans, Maternal Health Services, Mental Health, Risk Factors, Stress, Psychological, Women's Health, Caregivers, Workplace, Pregnant People, Racial Groups, Pandemics
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