Cited by 178Analytical chemistry methods developmentAnalytical Chemistry and ChromatographyInnovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation

Solidification of floating organic droplet in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction as a green analytical tool

Mansour, Fotouh R., Danielson, Neil D.·2017·Talanta

Abstract

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a special type of microextraction in which a mixture of two solvents (an extracting solvent and a disperser) is injected into the sample. The extraction solvent is then dispersed as fine droplets in the cloudy sample through manual or mechanical agitation. Hence, the sample is centrifuged to break the formed emulsion and the extracting solvent is manually separated. The organic solvents commonly used in DLLME are halogenated hydrocarbons that are highly toxic. These solvents are heavier than water, so they sink to the bottom of the centrifugation tube which makes the separation step difficult. By using solvents of low density, the organic extractant floats on the sample surface. If the selected solvent such as undecanol has a freezing point in the range 10-25°C, the floating droplet can be solidified using a simple ice-bath, and then transferred out of the sample matrix; this step is known as solidification of floating organic droplet (SFOD). Coupling DLLME to SFOD combines the advantages of both approaches together. The DLLME-SFOD process is controlled by the same variables of conventional liquid-liquid extraction. The organic solvents used as extractants in DLLME-SFOD must be immiscible with water, of lower density, low volatility, high partition coefficient and low melting and freezing points. The extraction efficiency of DLLME-SFOD is affected by types and volumes of organic extractant and disperser, salt addition, pH, temperature, stirring rate and extraction time. This review discusses the principle, optimization variables, advantages and disadvantages and some selected applications of DLLME-SFOD in water, food and biomedical analysis.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.03.084

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Authors
Mansour, F. R., & Danielson, N. D.
Affiliations
  • Tanta University (EG)
  • Miami University (US)
Corresponding author
Mansour, Fotouh R.
Venue
Talanta
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-08
Volume
170
Pages
22-35
ISSN
0039-9140 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2603218211
Cited by
178
References
143
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 5
FWCI
2.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Talanta (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation
Keywords
dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, solidification of floating organic droplet, green analytical chemistry, undecanol, extraction efficiency optimization, water analysis, food analysis, biomedical analysis

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