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Cited by 703Sustainable Supply Chain ManagementImpact of AI and Big Data on Business and SocietyBig Data and Business Intelligence

The impact of big data analytics and artificial intelligence on green supply chain process integration and hospital environmental performance

Open access
Benzidia, Smail, Makaoui, Naouel, Bentahar, Omar·2021·Technological Forecasting and Social Change
DOI 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120557
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Abstract

Study of digital capabilities and hospital supply chain process integration with performance implications in hospital contexts.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120557

Cites

110 of 110 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

10 of 66 cited sources checked · 3 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Premisecitation

    Digital technology alone has not been shown to improve organizational performance.

    “However, as underlined by Marra et al. (2012), there is no evidence that digital technology in itself contributes to the performance of an organization.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Marra et al., 2012 source

      Section 5.2 says the reviewed studies could not establish a correlation between IT solutions and firms’ growth, and calls for combining technology with management practices. But the review describes the evidence for a positive relationship as weak, not nonexistent, and its conclusions concern firms in a supply-chain context rather than organizational performance generally. Page numbers are not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Premisecitation

    Few empirical works examine big data's effect on green supply chain integration and environmental performance.

    “Research exploring the impact of big data on the supply chain is still in its infancy, especially for the environmental dimension.”
    • Also stated in: § 1. Introduction · plain
      “With a few exceptions (e.g., Dubey et al., 2019a), empirical studies that have shown the impact of big data on the integration of green practices and environmental performances are still rare (Song et al., 2017).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Song et al., 2017 source

      Section 2.6, “Green supply chain management” (page unavailable), discusses four papers on big data and sustainable supply chains and says they highlight further research directions. That supports the idea of a developing research area, but the source does not establish that supply-chain research is in its infancy or that empirical work is especially scarce on green supply chain integration and environmental performance. (LLM, conf=0.74)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites Dubey et al., 2019a

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Premisecitation

    The PLS method is less impacted by model specification errors than covariance-based SEM.

    “The PLS method can thus constitute an interesting alternative to estimate a more general model than SEM (Smart PLS) based on covariance, and it is less impacted by model specification errors (Henseler et al., 2015).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Henseler et al., 2015 source

      The Introduction describes PLS as a variance-based SEM method, and the Objectives discuss its use in a discriminant-validity simulation. Neither passage compares PLS with covariance-based SEM for sensitivity to model-specification errors; searches for that comparison and for model misspecification found no supporting passage in our copy. Page numbers were not provided. (LLM, conf=0.72)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Findingown data

    Green supply chain collaboration partially mediates the relationship between environmental process integration and environmental performance.

    “This suggests a partial mediating effect of GSCC.In other words, EPI had both a direct and an indirect impact on EP through the mediating role of GSCC.”
    • Also stated in: § -----------------------------------------------Table 4 -------------------------------------------------------5.2. Model testing results · hedged
      “This suggests a partial mediating effect of GSCC.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Using BDA-AI technologies significantly affects environmental process integration in the studied hospitals.

    “The findings showed that the use of BDA-AI technologies has a significant effect on environmental process integration and green supply chain collaboration.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 66
  • May combine two claims. 27

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    How big data shapes decisions about green supply chain integration and environmental performance remains poorly established.

    “However, the impact of big data on decision-making processes regarding green supply chain integration and environmental performance is not well established in the literature (Song et al., 2017).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Song et al., 2017 source

      Section 2.6 (page unavailable) discusses big-data approaches to green supply chain management and mentions further research directions, but does not say that big data’s effects on decisions about supply chain integration and environmental performance are poorly established. Searches for green supply chain integration and for a research gap concerning environmental performance found no passage addressing that claim. (LLM, conf=0.72)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    The evolution of environmental practices in an external direction is only possible when companies possess the capacity to internally coordinate and integrate their processes.

    “In this area, the literature suggests that the evolution of environmental practices in an external direction is only possible when companies possess the capacity to internally coordinate and integrate their processes (Koufteros et al., 2005).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Koufteros et al., 2005 source

      The Discussion reports that internal integration enables customer and supplier integration and says external integration probably would not occur without a facilitating internal system. The study concerns product-development practices, not the evolution of environmental practices, and its qualified language does not establish that internal coordination makes external evolution possible only under that condition. The supplied passages have section labels but no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.86)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Data and knowledge need to be shared in real time among internal functions to understand and adapt to changing situations, particularly in dynamic organizations.

    “Data and knowledge need to be shared in real time among internal functions to understand the changing situation and adapt to it in an appropriate way, particularly in dynamic organizations (Singh & El-Kassar, 2019).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Singh & El-Kassar, 2019 source

      The Theory and hypotheses section (p. 2) urges firms facing change to use real-time information, cross-functional relationships, and communication to reorganize knowledge. It does not specifically say that both data and knowledge must be shared in real time among internal functions. (LLM, conf=0.78)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    A learning focus leads organizations to collaborate externally and be more cross-cutting internally, which makes it easier to share new knowledge.

    “A learning focus leads organizations to collaborate externally and be more cross-cutting internally, which makes it easier to share new knowledge (Kumar et al., 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kumar et al., 2020 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    BDA supported by new technologies is a means for sharing knowledge and making decisions within organizations.

    “Acharya et al. (2018) report that BDA supported by new technologies is a means for sharing knowledge and making decisions within organizations.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Acharya et al. (2018) source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The literature positions internal integration mainly as a tangible resource and a formative antecedent of BDA use.

    “the literature positions the role of internal integration mainly as a tangible resource and a formative antecedent of the use of BDA (Mikalef et al., 2020).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Mikalef et al., 2020 source

      The Research model and Measurements sections describe tangible resources as formative components of big data analytics capability (BDAC). They do not identify internal integration as a tangible resource or model it as a formative antecedent of BDA use; the paper models BDAC rather than BDA use. (LLM, conf=0.81)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Learning-oriented organizations open their borders to external sources to identify and assimilate new knowledge.

    “The recent study by Kumar et al. (2020) shows that learning-oriented organizations open their borders to external sources to identify and assimilate new knowledge.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kumar et al. (2020) source

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The tested model explained 40.5% of the variance in green supply chain collaboration, 55.9% in environmental process integration, and 54.1% in environmental performance.

    “R 2 for GSCC = 0.405, R 2 for EPI = 0.559, and R 2 for EP = 0.541”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Among commercial buildings, hospitals rank second to catering in energy use.

    “According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), hospitals consume the highest amount of energy among commercial buildings after the catering industry (Johnson, 2010).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Johnson, 2010 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    More than a quarter of U.S. hospitals reprocess equipment to cut disposable waste.

    “These authors claim that over 25% of U.S. hospitals use reprocessing as a means to reduce the volume of disposable waste generated.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kwakye et al., 2010 source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    OIPT defines how an organization's structure should respond to uncertainty to achieve optimal performance.

    “This theory defines how the structure of an organization should respond to uncertainty to achieve optimal performance.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Galbraith, 1974 source
    • cites Tushman and Nadler, 1978

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Big data analytics combined with artificial intelligence plays a critical role in green supply chain management by removing information asynchronization and handling complex environmental data.

    “Big data analytics associated with artificial intelligence plays a critical role in GSC management by eliminating information asynchronization and managing complex environmental data (Wu and Pagell, 2011).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Wu and Pagell, 2011 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Healthcare supply chains trail other sectors and suffer from weak activity integration, hindering green practice diffusion.

    “The healthcare supply chain lags behind compared to supply chains in other sectors and is characterized by poor integration of activities, limiting the dissemination of green practices (Johnson, 2010).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Johnson, 2010 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Hospitals often pursue greener options but restrict them to some activities, not the whole supply chain.

    “A study by Johnson (2010) concluded that hospitals tend to look for greener alternatives but they remain limited to certain activities and do not cover the entire supply chain.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Johnson, 2010 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    AI combined with BDA has proven effective for new drug design and development.

    “In the area of hospital pharmacies, the combination of AI and BDA has already been proved effective, notably in the design and development of new drugs (Wang et al., 2019).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Wang et al., 2019 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Hospital-generated pollution poses pathological, pharmaceutical, chemical, radioactive, and safety risks.

    “The pollution generated by hospitals causes numerous risks related to pathological, pharmaceutical, chemical, radioactive, and safety aspects (Kaplan et al., 2012).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kaplan et al., 2012

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    U.S. hospitals generate 6,600 tons of waste daily.

    “In the United States, for example, hospitals produce 6,600 tons of waste per day (Kaplan et al., 2012)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kaplan et al., 2012

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    OIPT emphasizes that a company evolves in a system that integrates several internal and external processes characterized by complexity and uncertainty.

    “The OIPT emphasizes that a company evolves in a system, integrating several internal and external processes characterized by complexity and uncertainty (Thompson, 1967).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Thompson, 1967

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    BDA-AI provides insights for decision-making processes that improve green supply chain management and enhance environmental performance.

    “It provides insights for decision-making processes to improve GSCM and enhance environmental performance (Dubey et al., 2016b).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Dubey et al., 2016b

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Hospitals use more energy than any other commercial building type.

    “and consume more energy than any other type of commercial building (Singer & Tschudi, 2009).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Singer & Tschudi, 2009

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    An improved culture of sharing mutually useful interorganizational information can increase an organization's capacity to process data, strengthen collaboration, and reduce coordination uncertainties.

    “According to Wong et al. (2015), an organization's capacity to process data could be increased by an improved culture of sharing mutually useful interorganizational information to strengthen the collaborative environment and reduce uncertainties related to coordination.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Wong et al., 2015 source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    BDA-AI can help embed environmental practices across internal and external supply chains, cutting waste and air pollution.

    “Thus, BDA-AI offers a viable opportunity for integrating environmental approaches in the internal and external supply chains, thereby reducing waste and air pollution.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Waste flow management is a major hospital challenge.
    • Rests on an assumption: Although hospital managers are aware of green issues, their environmental implementation efforts stay limited.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductcitation

    A full collinearity test was used to test for pathological collinearity as a sign of common method variance.

    “We supplemented the previous tests with a test for pathological collinearity, a sign for CMV, using the full collinearity test by Kock (2015).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kock (2015)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    A Harman test showed that no single factor explained all of the variances of the items (41%) and that the first factor did not represent the majority of the variance.

    “A Harman test showed that no single factor explained all of the variances of the items (41%) and that the first factor did not represent the majority of the variance.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The Harman test is the most widely used verification tool for common method bias.

    “The literature indicates that the Harman test is the most widely used verification tool for CMB (Podsakoff et al., 2003).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Podsakoff et al., 2003 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The capacity to learn is an important antecedent for developing a collaborative environmental practice with suppliers.

    “For Graham (2018), the capacity to learn is an important antecedent for developing a collaborative environmental practice with suppliers.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Graham (2018) source

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Using BDA technologies helps hospitals exploit and process data from external and internal sources and creates opportunities for collaborating with suppliers in environmental decision-making.

    “Following the same rationale as information processing, we support the idea that the use of BDA technologies help hospitals to exploit and process data from external and internal sources and also creates opportunities for collaborating with suppliers in the environmental decision-making process.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    A GSCC approach strengthens the monitoring level of suppliers who commit to supplying and using equipment and raw materials that respect the environment.

    “A GSCC approach strengthens the monitoring level of suppliers who commit to supplying and using equipment and raw materials that respect the environment (Seman et al., 2019).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Seman et al., 2019 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Each respondent was pre-selected through closed questions concerning their knowledge of big data functionalities in relation to the supply chain.

    “We pre-selected each respondent through closed questions concerning their knowledge of big data functionalities in relation to the supply chain.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Internal environmental integration can minimize waste and toxic emissions and promote the use of materials that respect the environment in manufacturing companies.

    “The results of Zhu et al. (2012) confirm that internal environmental integration can minimize waste and toxic emissions and promote the use of materials that respect the environment in manufacturing companies.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Zhu et al. (2012) source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    A second questionnaire was developed following corrections and modifications suggested at the end of the pre-test.

    “A second questionnaire was developed following some corrections and modifications suggested at the end of the pre-test.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    A learning focus encourages internal teams to voluntarily implement green action to improve environmental performance.

    “A learning focus also encourages internal teams to voluntarily implement green action to improve EP (Jabbour, 2013).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Jabbour, 2013 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Evaluating a PLS model requires three main factors: determining the nature of the relationships between measurements and constructs, evaluating the reliability and validity of the measurements, and evaluating the final model.

    “According to Hulland (1999), evaluating a PLS model requires three main factors: determining the nature of the relationships between the measurements and constructs, evaluating the reliability and validity of the measurements, and evaluating the final model.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Hulland (1999)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The PLS approach has the capacity to solve a system of simultaneous equations representing a network of relationships and to estimate coefficients that quantify those relationships.

    “The PLS approach was adopted because of its capacity to solve the system of simultaneous equations representing the network of relationships among the variables and, thus, to estimate coefficients that quantify these relationships (Tenenhaus, 1998).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Tenenhaus, 1998

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    It is difficult for hospitals to measure their environmental performance.

    “In the hospital sector, the study carried out by Oruezabala and Rico (2012) underlines how difficult it is for hospitals to measure their EP.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Oruezabala and Rico (2012) source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Several studies were used to operationalize the constructs of the conceptual model.

    “For this purpose, several studies were used to operationalize the constructs of the conceptual model.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    An external collaborative approach can help companies reduce waste, attain substantial environmental performance, and improve their green image.

    “Similarly, Zhu et al. (2012) observe that an external collaborative approach can help companies reduce waste, attain substantial EP, and improve their green image.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Zhu et al. (2012) source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductreasoning

    Comments from the experts were included in the final survey instrument.

    “These comments were included in the final survey instrument.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    Of 520 surveys distributed, 181 completed surveys were received.

    “Of the 520 surveys distributed, we received 181 completed surveys.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    The academic literature was reviewed to guide the development of the questionnaire and the measurement scales of the model variables before purification.

    “For this purpose, we reviewed the academic literature to guide us in the development of the questionnaire and the measurement scales of the model variables before purification (Dillman, 1978).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Dillman, 1978

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Technological resources can play a key role in sharing information and knowledge with suppliers.

    “Zhao et al. (2011) add that technological resources can play a key role in sharing information and knowledge with suppliers.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Zhao et al. (2011) source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The hospitals in the sample were private and public and had different sizes in terms of the number of beds and the number of employees.

    “The hospitals in the sample were private and public and had different sizes in terms of the number of beds and the number of employees.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Supplier collaboration implies mutual engagement involving the sharing of resources and decision-making aimed at minimizing environmental impacts on the product development cycle.

    “Supplier collaboration implies mutual engagement involving the sharing of resources and decision-making aimed at minimizing environmental impacts on the product development cycle (Yang et al., 2013).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Yang et al., 2013 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Environmental process integration is a concern for companies when they organize communication resources and share information among departments.

    “Environmental process integration is a matter of concern for companies when organizing their communication resources and sharing information among departments (Graham, 2018).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Graham, 2018 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    A glossary of key terms was provided to respondents to avoid confusion in understanding the questions.

    “A glossary of key terms from our study was provided to respondents to avoid confusion in understanding the questions.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    A pre-test was carried out with seven experts who had experience in logistics and supply chain management in hospitals.

    “We carried out a pre-test with seven experts who had experience in logistics and supply chain management in hospitals.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The early group included 98 respondents and the late group included 70 respondents.

    “The early group included 98 respondents and the late group included 70 respondents.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Internal integration has a direct impact on external integration.

    “Many studies have noted the direct impact of internal integration on external integration (Flynn et al., 2010).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Flynn et al., 2010 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    Four academics conducting research on healthcare supply chain and technology management were consulted to verify the content of the measures.

    “In addition, we consulted four academics conducting research on the topic of healthcare supply chain and technology management to verify the content of the measures.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Companies can use technologies such as AI to interpret and combine complex information from diverse sources.

    “Dubey et al. (2019a) suggest that companies can use technologies such as AI to interpret and combine complex information from diverse sources.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Dubey et al. (2019a)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Using BDA technologies creates greater visibility for interfunctional flows and a common alignment with organizational objectives.

    “As a consequence, the use of BDA technologies creates greater visibility for interfunctional flows and a common alignment with the organization's objectives (Hofmann, 2017).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Hofmann, 2017 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    A first version of the questionnaire was reviewed and corrected by academics conducting research on healthcare supply chain and technology management to verify the content of the measures.

    “At the end of the literature review, a first version of the questionnaire was reviewed and corrected by academics conducting research on the topic of healthcare supply chain and technology management to verify the content of the measures (DeVellis, 2012).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites DeVellis, 2012

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    The questionnaire was emailed to seven experts who had experience in logistics and supply chain management in hospitals.

    “The questionnaire was then emailed to seven experts who had experience in logistics and supply chain management in hospitals.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    The interfunctional capacity of companies helps them achieve proactive environmental performance.

    “Aragon-Correa and Sharma (2003) affirm that the interfunctional capacity of companies helps them to achieve proactive EP.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Aragon-Correa and Sharma (2003) source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    The final sample size was 168, representing a response rate of 32%.

    “Thus, the final sample size was 168, which represents a response rate of 32% (Malhotra & Grover, 1998).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Malhotra & Grover, 1998

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Respondents were assured that their identity would be kept confidential.

    “Respondents were assured that their identity would be kept confidential.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Interfunctional and interorganizational collaboration on green issues ensures hospitals' environmental performance.

    “In this article, we maintain that interfunctional, interorganizational collaboration on green issues ensures hospitals' EP.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    Thirteen surveys were excluded because they contained incomplete responses.

    “We did not integrate 13 surveys because they contained incomplete responses.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Digital learning is more effective because it encourages participative training of workers.

    “For Sendlhofer and Lernborg (2018), digital learning is more effective because it encourages the participative training of workers, who can either learn on their own or in a group using videos and quiz-type activities.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Sendlhofer and Lernborg (2018) source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Internal environmental integration allows companies to avoid disconnection and fragmentation between processes.

    “Internal environmental integration allows companies to avoid any disconnection and fragmentation between processes (Yang et al., 2013).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Yang et al., 2013 source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Pathological collinearity is suggested by variance inflation factors (VIF) higher than 3.3, indicating that the model could be loaded with common method variance.

    “Kock and Lynn (2012) note that pathological collinearity is suggested by variance inflation factors (VIF) with a higher value than 3.3, indicating that the model could be loaded with CMV.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kock and Lynn (2012)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    The questionnaire items of the survey were adapted from previous studies.

    “The questionnaire items of the survey were adapted from previous studies.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Learning can help organizations find the best ways to work and adopt a proactive environmental policy.

    “learning can help organizations find the best ways to work and adopt a proactive environmental policy (Longoni et al., 2018).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Longoni et al., 2018 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    BDA-AI use by a healthcare facility improves supply chain collaboration and internal integration among departments.

    “the use of BDA-AI by a healthcare facility improves supply chain collaboration and internal integration among departments”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    The study was limited to learning orientation at the environmental level.

    “Our study was limited to the learning orientation at the environmental level”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The non-significant moderating effect of GDLO on BDA-AI→EPI may be related to GDLO's reduced focus on technical elements and hard skills used by decision-makers to improve internal process integration.

    “This result may be related to the reduced focus of GDLO on the technical elements and hard skills often mobilized by decision-makers to improve the integration of internal processes.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Existing big data in hospitals is an asset that requires development in analysis and internal processing to reduce organizational complexity and support GSC initiatives.

    “we consider that the existing big data in hospitals represent an asset that requires development in terms of analysis and internal processing to reduce the organizational complexity of hospitals and support GSC initiatives.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: No empirical study has demonstrated the relationship between BDA-AI technologies and environmental internal integration in a hospital context.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisenone given

    OIPT holds that aligning information processing capacities at both internal and external levels of the hospital supply chain strengthens environmental performance.

    “the OIPT insists on the importance of aligning information processing capacities simultaneously at the internal and external levels of the hospital supply chain to strengthen environmental performance.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Internal process activities can benefit from advanced medical activities in using BDA and AI to develop a robust environmental model.

    “Activities of the internal processes (quality, purchasing, logistics, production, administration) can benefit from the advanced medical activities in terms of the use of BDA and AI to develop a robust environmental model.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductcitation

    Discriminant validity was verified if the shared variance between the latent variable and its indicators (AVE) was greater than the squared correlations of each variable with the other latent variables.

    “The discriminant validity was verified if the shared variance between the latent variable and its indicators (AVE) was greater than the variances (squared correlation) of each variable with the other latent variables (Fornell & Larcker, 1981), as displayed in Table 4.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Fornell & Larcker, 1981 source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The study's conclusions are specific to the French healthcare sector and may differ in other countries depending on technological capabilities and green organizational culture.

    “our conclusions are specific to the French healthcare sector and thus could be different for other countries, depending on their technological capabilities and green organizational culture applied to supply chain operations.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Digital learning is recommended for multidisciplinary and multi-stakeholder organizations.

    “Sendlhofer and Lernborg (2018) recommend the use of digital learning in multidisciplinary and multi-stakeholder organizations.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Sendlhofer and Lernborg (2018) source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    In the era of big data, hospitals need green digital learning, in addition to good data and efficient information processing, to strengthen supplier collaboration and promote green practices.

    “hospitals cannot succeed by only having access to good data and efficient information processing; they should also rely on green digital learning to strengthen collaboration and communication with suppliers and promote the co-construction of common ideas and initiatives for green practices.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Digitalization of learning is necessary to support stakeholder knowledge on green practices and improve environmental performance.

    “the findings contribute to the literature on the central role of the digitalization of learning, which seems necessary to support the knowledge of stakeholders on green practices and the improvement of EP.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Hospitals with strong cross-functional integration enhance collaboration with suppliers and achieve better green performance.

    “hospitals that provide strong cross-functional integration enhance collaboration with suppliers and achieve better green performance.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    BDA-AI contributes not only to treatment capacities with the supplier network but also to the hospital's internal process by creating a shared vision supporting environmental performance.

    “BDA-AI participates not only to provide treatment capacities with the supplier network but also to the hospital's internal process by creating a shared vision supporting EP.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Hospitals consist of several interest groups with different preferences, so decision-making requires consensus among stakeholders to integrate circular economy philosophy.

    “Hospitals consist of several interest groups with different preferences; hence, the decisionmaking process requires consensus among stakeholders to ensure the integration of the circular economy philosophy (Jabbour et al., 2019).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Jabbour et al., 2019 source
77 of 77

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    BDA-AI research is plentiful in medicine but rarely applied to hospital supply chain processes or green practices.

    “However, though research on the link between BDA and AI is abundant at the medical level, it is scarcely mobilized in the improvement of hospital supply chain processes and, in particular, green practices.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Few studies have examined BDA-AI, internal and external integration, and environmental performance together.

    “Nevertheless, the combination of these three mechanisms, namely BDA-AI, internal and external integration, and the impact on EP, has rarely been studied.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    How organizational learning can support green supply chain practices remains unclear.

    “However, the mobilization of organizational learning to support green practices in supply chains is not yet clearly understood.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    OIPT has not been empirically tested on hospital green supply chains.

    “However, this theory has not yet been empirically applied to the specific topic of hospital green supply chain.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Hospital supply chain operations face uncertain conditions tied to patient demand and unpredictable medical activities.

    “In hospital organizations, supply chain operations depend on several uncertain conditions that change in line with patient demand and the unpredictability of medical activities.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Hospitals have high interdependence between units, increasing organizational complexity.

    “In addition, hospitals share a high degree of interdependence between their different units, which increases organizational complexity.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Waste flow management is a major hospital challenge.

    “The management of waste flows, for example, constitutes a major challenge for hospitals, because it involves a rigorous process of collection, sorting, transport, storage, processing, and disposal.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Although hospital managers are aware of green issues, their environmental implementation efforts stay limited.

    “Despite the awareness of hospital managers about green issues and their growing interest in environmental approaches, their endeavors to implement environmental approaches remain restricted.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Hospital managers underuse available data for green decisions.

    “Despite the wide range of sources available, hospital managers do not sufficiently exploit these data to support green decision-making.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    No previous study has focused on how internal integration related to green collaborations with suppliers is taken into account in hospital management.

    “Although GSCC has become a widely debated subject in academic research, no previous study has focused on how internal integration related to green collaborations with suppliers is taken into account in hospital management.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    No studies have focused on the relationship between internal environmental integration and supplier collaboration in the hospital sector.

    “Although this subject has been widely debated in the literature, no studies have focused on this relationship in the hospital sector.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    BDA-AI is a key construct for managing intra- and inter-organizational environmental issues.

    “Furthermore, BDA-AI is a key construct to manage intra-and inter-organizational environmental issues.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The application of OIPT in the study of hospital operations remains insufficiently studied.

    “the application of the OIPT in the study of hospital operations remains insufficiently studied.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    No empirical study has demonstrated the relationship between BDA-AI technologies and environmental internal integration in a hospital context.

    “no empirical study has demonstrated the relationship between BDA-AI technologies and environmental internal integration in a hospital context.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Previous studies have not empirically investigated the relationships and complementarities among BDA-AI, GSCC, EPI, and EP specifically in the hospital context.

    “previous studies have not empirically investigated the relationships and complementarities among the BDA-AI, GSCC, EPI, and EP, specifically in the hospital context.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    These studies have not explored the moderating role of digital learning on the relationship between BDA-AI technologies and the GSC process.

    “these studies have not explored the moderating role of digital learning on the relationship between the use of BDA-AI technologies and the GSC process.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The hospital sector lacks capacity and maturity in implementing environmental practices.

    “supply chain collaboration is a critical process in the hospital sector, which lacks capacity and maturity in the implementation of environmental practices.”
17 of 17

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • H6 standard deviation conflicts with its significant t-value

    Major

    The H6 table gives the coefficient and standard deviation as the same value, yielding a t-ratio of 1 rather than 8.070. That discrepancy bears directly on the reported significance of H6.

    Reported 8.07 · recomputed 1

  • Hospital energy-use ranking changes across sections

    Minor

    The introduction says hospitals use more energy than every other type of commercial building, but a later section places the catering industry ahead of them.

  • H2 t-value does not match its coefficient and standard deviation

    Minor

    The H2 coefficient divided by its standard deviation is about 6.381, rather than the table's 6.967.

    Reported 6.967 · recomputed 6.381443

  • H4 t-value does not match its coefficient and standard deviation

    Minor

    The reported H4 coefficient and standard deviation yield a ratio of about 1.803, not 1.711. The difference is larger than rounding of the displayed inputs permits.

    Reported 1.711 · recomputed 1.803279

  • H3 has conflicting t-values in the results and table

    Minor

    The results text reports an H3 t-value of 1.1961, while Table 5 gives 1.961. These values imply different assessments of the claimed statistical significance.

  • H2 t-value differs between prose and table

    Minor

    The results text gives the BDA-AI-to-EPI t-value as 6.697, whereas Table 5 reports 6.967.

  • H1 t-value does not match its coefficient and standard deviation

    Minor

    Dividing the reported H1 coefficient by its standard deviation gives about 3.946, not the listed t-value of 4.144.

    Reported 4.144 · recomputed 3.945946

7 of 7

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

8 of the 118 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Benzidia, S., Makaoui, N., & Bentahar, O.
Affiliations
Centre Européen de Recherche en Economie Financière et Gestion des Entreprises (FR)
Corresponding author
Bentahar, Omar
ORCID
Bentahar, Omar
Venue
Technological Forecasting and Social Change
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-04
Volume
165
Pages
120557
ISSN
0040-1625 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120557
OpenAlex
W3118651707
Semantic Scholar
7b6ea9c9634f01d4a4eefa67f4401d79598a7830
Cited by
703
References
118
Citations by year
2026: 126 · 2025: 190 · 2024: 175 · 2023: 119 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 25
FWCI
86.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Technological Forecasting and Social Change (acceptedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders
Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-20-GES1-0003)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Sustainable Supply Chain Management
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Impact of AI and Big Data on Business and Society
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › Big Data and Business Intelligence
Keywords
big data analytics, artificial intelligence, green supply chain, organizational information processing theory, healthcare logistics, moderating effect

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-09-28.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-09-28.

Cited sources are checked by gpt-6-sol.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

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