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Role of intramyocelluar lipids in human health
Open accessAbstract
Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) is predominantly stored as intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) in lipid droplets and is utilized as metabolic fuel during physical exercise. IMTG is also implicated in muscle insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetes. However, it has become apparent that lipid moieties such as ceramide and diacylglycerol are the likely culprits of IR. This article reviews current knowledge of IMCL-mediated IR and important areas of investigation, including myocellular lipid transport and lipid droplet proteins. Several crucial questions remain unanswered, such as the identity of specific ceramide and diacylglycerol species that mediate IR in human muscle and their subcellular location. Quantitative lipidomics and proteomics of targeted subcellular organelles will help to better define the mechanisms underlying pathological IMCL accumulation and IR.
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“Improvements in insulin sensitivity with exercise are induced by a myriad of alterations (34–37), while our data suggest that improvements in cellular redox status play a prominent role.”
From Defects in mitochondrial efficiency and H2O2 emissions in obese women are restored to a lean phenotype with aerobic exercise training (2015) · cites this paper as [36]
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“Enhanced mitochondrial content and function can sustain greater energetic flux and oxidation of substrates, decreasing the accumulation of lipotoxic intermediates that promote inflammation and oxidative stress [382].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [382]
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“The link between IMCL and insulin resistance was confirmed in biopsies from individuals with obesity and T2DM (Goodpaster et al, 2000; Coen & Goodpaster, 2012).”
From Mitochondrial response to nutrient availability and its role in metabolic disease (2014) · cites this paper as Coen & Goodpaster, 2012
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The ceramide transporter and the Goodpasture antigen binding protein: one protein – one function?
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Assessment of intramuscular triglycerides: contribution to metabolic abnormalities
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Flagged first, then by citations
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Kalinkovich, A., & Livshits, G. (2017) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.008 · Cited by 882
Sugar consumption, metabolic disease and obesity: The state of the controversy
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“It is also possible that other factors such as inflammation and oxidative stress (51), are contributors to, or possibly mediators of, muscle insulin resistance (52).”
Intermuscular fat: a review of the consequences and causes
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“While not frequently isolated as a separate fat depot by itself, there also exists a smaller group of lipids stored within the muscle cells themselves known as intramyocellular lipids or IMCL; IMCL has been reviewed extensively elsewhere [47].”
BackgroundObesity-Associated Oxidative Stress: Strategies Finalized to Improve Redox State
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“Ectopic-fat deposition blocks glucose transport and insulin signaling: lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle has been associated with altered insulin sensitivity [87] and tissues from obese patients are resistant to the action of insulin [71].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Coen, P. M., & Goodpaster, B. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Goodpaster, Bret H.
- Venue
- Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 391-398
- ISSN
- 1043-2760 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4908975
- OpenAlex
- W2017044391
- Cited by
- 252
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 24
- FWCI
- 1.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG021961, P30AG024827)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- intramyocellular lipid, intramuscular triglycerides, lipid droplets, muscle insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, ceramide, diacylglycerol, lipid droplet proteins, lipidomics, proteomics
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biological Transport, Ceramides, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diglycerides, Energy Metabolism, Fatty Acids, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Lipids, Mitochondria, Muscle, Triglycerides, Organelles, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Cells, Lipid Metabolism
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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