Many players in BCL-2 family affairs
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During apoptotic cell death, cellular stress signals converge at the mitochondria to induce mitochondrial outer-membrane permeabilization (MOMP) through B cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family proteins and their effectors. BCL-2 proteins function through protein-protein interactions, the mechanisms and structural aspects of which are only now being uncovered. Recently, the elucidation of the dynamic features underlying their function has highlighted their structural plasticity and the consequent complex thermodynamic landscape governing their protein-protein interactions. These studies show that canonical interactions involve a conserved, hydrophobic groove, whereas non-canonical interactions function allosterically outside the groove. We review the latest structural advances in understanding the interactions and functions of mammalian BCL-2 family members, and discuss new opportunities to modulate these proteins in health and disease.
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MOMP is controlled by pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic members of the BCL2 protein family.
“which is controlled by pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic members of the BCL2, apoptosis regulator (BCL2) protein family, a group of proteins sharing one to four BCL2 homology (BH) domains (i.e., BH1, BH2, BH3, and BH4) [29, 42, 43].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [42]
BAX and BAK are the only BCL2 family members characterized so far in mammalian cells for their ability to form pores across the outer mitochondrial membrane and possibly other intracellular membranes.
“Together with BOK, BCL2 family apoptosis regulator (BOK) [47], BAX and BAK are the only BCL2 family members characterized so far in mammalian cells for their ability to form pores across the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and possibly other intracellular membranes [29, 42, 43].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [42]
MOMP is antagonized by anti-apoptotic members of the BCL2 family, including BCL2, BCL-XL, MCL1, BCL-W, and BFL-1.
“MOMP is antagonized by anti-apoptotic members of the BCL2 family, including BCL2 itself, BCL2 like 1 (BCL2L1; best known as BCL-XL), MCL1, BCL2 family apoptosis regulator (MCL1), BCL2 like 2 (BCL2L2; best known as BCL-W), and BCL2 related protein A1 (BCL2A1; best known—in human—as BFL-1) [29, 42, 43].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [42]
The Bcl-2 family consists of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic proteins that act synergistically as apoptotic switches, ultimately determining the cell's fate.
“This family consists of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic proteins that act synergistically as apoptotic switches, ultimately determining the cell’s fate.358–360”
From Recent advances in targeting the “undruggable” proteins: from drug discovery to clinical trials (2023) · cites this paper as [358]
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- Authors
- Moldoveanu, T., Follis, A. V., Kriwacki, R. W., & Green, D. R.
- Affiliations
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kriwacki, Richard W.
- Green, Douglas R.
- Venue
- Trends in Biochemical Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-03
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 101-111
- ISSN
- 0968-0004 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4005919
- OpenAlex
- W1992806448
- Cited by
- 421
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 17
- FWCI
- 5.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Biochemical Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities
- National Cancer Institute (P 30CA 21765, R01CA082491, P30CA021765)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM096208, R01GM083159, GM 096208)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Keywords
- Bcl-2 family proteins, apoptosis, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, protein-protein interaction, allosteric interactions, hydrophobic groove, structural plasticity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Permeability, Apoptosis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, Mitochondrial Membranes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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