Clusterin in Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanisms, Genetics, and Lessons From Other Pathologies

Foster, Evangeline M.; Dangla-Valls, Adrià; Lovestone, Simon; Ribe, Elena M.; Buckley, Noel J.

doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00164

Cited by 381Clusterin in disease pathologyAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsDementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

Clusterin in Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanisms, Genetics, and Lessons From Other Pathologies

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Foster, Evangeline M., Dangla-Valls, Adrià, Lovestone, Simon, Ribe, Elena M., Buckley, Noel J.·2019·Frontiers in Neuroscience

DOI 10.3389/fnins.2019.00164PMC PMC6403191

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Abstract

Clusterin (CLU) or APOJ is a multifunctional glycoprotein which has been implicated in several physiological and pathological states, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). With a prominent extracellular chaperone function, additional roles have been discussed for clusterin, including lipid transport and immune modulation, and it is involved in pathways common to several diseases such as cell death and survival, oxidative stress, and proteotoxic stress. Although clusterin is normally a secreted protein, it has also been found intracellularly under certain stress conditions. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed regarding the origin of intracellular clusterin, including specific biogenic processes leading to alternative transcripts and protein isoforms, but these lines of research are incomplete and contradictory. Current consensus is that intracellular clusterin is most likely to have exited the secretory pathway at some point or to have re-entered the cell after secretion. Clusterin’s relationship with amyloid beta (Aβ) has been of great interest to the AD field, including clusterin’s apparent role in altering Aβ aggregation and/or clearance. Additionally, clusterin has been more recently identified as a mediator of Aβ toxicity, as evidenced by the neuroprotective effect of CLU knockdown and knockout in rodent and human iPSC-derived neurons. CLU is also the third most significant genetic risk factor for late onset AD and several variants have been identified in CLU. Although the exact contribution of these variants to altered AD risk is unclear, some have been linked to altered CLU expression at both mRNA and protein levels, altered cognitive and memory function, and altered brain structure. The apparent complexity of clusterin’s biogenesis, the lack of clarity over the origin of the intracellular clusterin species, and the number of pathophysiological functions attributed to clusterin have all contributed to the challenge of understanding the role of clusterin in AD pathophysiology. Here we highlight clusterin’s relevance to AD by discussing the evidence linking clusterin to AD, as well as drawing parallels on how the role of clusterin in other diseases and pathways may help us understand its biological function(s) in association with AD.

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Aβ catabolism genes RAB5A, RAB11A, CLU, and LRP2 are down-regulated in AD monocytes, suggesting impaired Aβ catabolism in AD monocytes.
“Similarly, several genes reported to be involved in Aβ catabolism, such as RAB5A, RAB11A, CLU, and LRP2 (49–53), were also down-regulated in AD monocytes, suggesting the impaired Aβ catabolism in AD monocytes.”
From Understanding monocyte-driven neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease using human cortical organoid microphysiological systems (2025) · cites this paper as [52]
The review’s “Clusterin and Aβ Metabolism” section (page unavailable) links CLU and LRP2 to Aβ uptake, transport, and clearance. It does not establish the claimed roles of RAB5A or RAB11A. The down-regulation in AD monocytes appears to be the citing authors’ own finding, rather than a finding attributed to this review. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Genetic variants of many differentially expressed genes identified in this study, such as CLU and APOE, have been associated with increased Alzheimer's disease risk.
“Genetic variants of many of the differentially expressed genes identified in this study, such as CLU and APOE, have been associated with increased Alzheimer’s disease risk58,59.”
From mTORC1 drives cell-autonomous astrocyte reactivity in tuberous sclerosis (2026) · cites this paper as [58]

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Self-citation
A Structure-based Model of the c-Myc/Bin1 Protein Interaction Shows Alternative Splicing of Bin1 and c-Myc Phosphorylation are Key Binding Determinants
Pineda‐Lucena, A., Ho, C. S. W., Mao, D. Y. L., Sheng, Y., Laister, R. C., Muhandiram, R., Lü, Y., Seet, B. T., Katz, S., Szyperski, T., et al. (2005) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2005.05.046 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein J (clusterin) induces cholesterol export from macrophage-foam cells: a potential anti-atherogenic function?
Gelissen, I. C., Hochgrebe, T. T., Wilson, M. R., Easterbrook‐Smith, S. B., Jessup, W., Dean, R. T., & Brown, A. J. (1998) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj3310231 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
SP-40,40 is an inhibitor of C5b-6-initiated haemolysis
Murphy, B. F., Saunders, J. R., O’Bryan, M. K., Kirszbaum, L., Walker, I. D., & d’Apice, A. J. F. (1989) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/1.5.551 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
GRP78 regulates clusterin stability, retrotranslocation and mitochondrial localization under ER stress in prostate cancer
Li, N., Zoubeidi, A., Beraldi, E., & Gleave, M. E. (2012) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2012.212 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Clusterin Biogenesis Is Altered during Apoptosis in the Regressing Rat Ventral Prostate
Lakins, J. N., Bennett, S. A. L., Chen, J.-H., Arnold, J. M., Morrissey, C. M., WONG, P. W. K., O'Sullivan, J. N., & Tenniswood, M. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.43.27887 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
The clusterin paradigm in prostate and breast carcinogenesis
Rizzi, F., & Bettuzzi, S. (2009) · Endocrine Related Cancer · doi:10.1677/erc-09-0140 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Intracellular Clusterin Induces G2-M Phase Arrest and Cell Death in PC-3 Prostate Cancer Cells1
Scaltriti, M., Santamaría, A., Paciucci, R., & Bettuzzi, S. (2004) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-0920 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Rare Individual Amyloid-β Oligomers Act on Astrocytes to Initiate Neuronal Damage
Narayan, P. S., Holmström, K. M., Kim, D.-H., Whitcomb, D. J., Wilson, M. R., George‐Hyslop, P. S., Wood, N. W., Dobson, C. M., Cho, K., Abramov, A. Y., et al. (2014) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi401606f · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Clusterin in cerebrospinal fluid: analysis of carbohydrates and quantification of native and glycosylated forms
Nilselid, A.-M., Davidsson, P., Nägga, K., Andreasen, N., Fredman, P., & Blennow, K. (2006) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2005.12.005 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Genotype patterns atPICALM, CR1, BIN1, CLU, andAPOEgenes are associated with episodic memory
Barral, S., Bird, T. D., Goate, A., Farlow, M. R., Diaz-Arrastia, R. R., Bennett, D. A. A., Graff‐Radford, N. R., Boeve, B. F., Sweet, R. A., Stern, Y., et al. (2012) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182553c48 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Transforming growth factor-β1 induces neuronal and astrocyte genes: Tubulin α1, glial fibrillary acidic protein and clusterin
Laping, N. J., Morgan, T. E., Nichols, N. R., Rozovsky, I., Young-Chan, C. S., Zarow, C., & Finch, C. E. (1994) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90081-7 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Protective Effect of Clusterin from Oxidative Stress–Induced Apoptosis in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
Kim, J. H., Kim, J. H., Jun, H. O., Yu, Y. S., Min, B.-H., Park, K. H., & Kim, K.-W. (2010) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.09-3774 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Downstream targets of methyl CpG binding protein 2 and their abnormal expression in the frontal cortex of the human Rett syndrome brain
Gibson, J. H., Slobedman, B., Kurup, H. K. N., Williamson, S. L., Minchenko, D., El‐Osta, A., Stern, J. L., & Christodoulou, J. (2010) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-11-53 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Isolation of Ku70-binding proteins (KUBs)
Yang, C., Yeh, S., Leskov, K., Odegaard, E., Hsu, H.-Y., Chang, C., Kinsella, T. J., Chen, D. J., & Boothman, D. A. (1999) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/27.10.2165 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
The Role of Clusterin, Complement Receptor 1, and Phosphatidylinositol Binding Clathrin Assembly Protein in Alzheimer Disease Risk and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker Levels
Schjeide, B. M., Schnack, C., Lambert, J., Lill, C. M., Kirchheiner, J., Tumani, H., Otto, M., Tanzi, R. E., Lehrach, H. R., Amouyel, P., et al. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.196 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Regulation of Clusterin Gene Expression by Transforming Growth Factor β
Jin, G., & Howe, P. H. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.42.26620 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Clathrin interacts specifically with amphiphysin and is displaced by dynamin 1
McMahon, H. T., Wigge, P., & Smith, C. (1997) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00928-9 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Late-onset Alzheimer’s risk variants in memory decline, incident mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease
Carrasquillo, M. M., Crook, J. E., Pedraza, O., Thomas, C. S., Pankratz, V. S., Allen, M., Nguyen, T., Malphrus, K. G., Ma, L., Bisceglio, G. D., et al. (2014) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.07.042 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Both common variations and rare non-synonymous substitutions and small insertion/deletions in CLU are associated with increased Alzheimer risk
Bettens, K., Brouwers, N., Engelborghs, S., Lambert, J., Rogaeva, E. A., Vandenberghe, R. R., Bastard, N. L., Pasquier, F., Vermeulen, S., Dongen, J. V., et al. (2012) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/1750-1326-7-3 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
The CLU-files: disentanglement of a mystery
Rohne, P., Prochnow, H., & Koch-Brandt, C. (2015) · BioMolecular Concepts · doi:10.1515/bmc-2015-0026 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Custirsen (OGX-011) combined with cabazitaxel and prednisone versus cabazitaxel and prednisone alone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer previously treated with docetaxel (AFFINITY): a randomised, open-label, international, phase 3 trial
Beer, T. M., Hotte, S. J., Fred Saad, C., Alekseev, B. Y., Matveev, V. B., Fléchon, A., Gravis, G., Joly, F., Chi, K. N., Malik, Z., et al. (2017) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30605-8 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Repression of IR-Inducible Clusterin Expression by the p53 Tumor Suppressor Protein
Criswell, T. L., Klokov, D. Y., Beman, M., Lavik, J., & Boothman, D. A. (2003) · Cancer Biology & Therapy · doi:10.4161/cbt.2.4.430 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Clusterin induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression via ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathways in monocytes/macrophages
Shim, Y.-J., Kang, B.-H., Jeon, H.-S., Park, I.-S., Lee, K., Lee, I. K., Park, G. H., Lee, K., Schedin, P. S., & Min, B.-H. (2011) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.0311110 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Clusterin and COMMD1 Independently Regulate Degradation of the Mammalian Copper ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B
Materia, S., Cater, M. A., Klomp, L. W. J., Mercer, J. F. B., & Fontaine, S. L. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.302216 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Clusterin/apolipoprotein J is associated with cortical Lewy bodies: immunohistochemical study in cases with α-synucleinopathies
Sasaki, K., Doh‐ura, K., Wakisaka, Y., & Iwaki, T. (2002) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-002-0546-4 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Alterations in the post-translational modification and intracellular trafficking of clusterin in MCF-7 cells during apoptosis
O'Sullivan, J. N., Whyte, L., Drake, J., & Tenniswood, M. (2003) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401254 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Inhibition of post-ischemic brain injury by clusterin overexpression
Wehrli, P., Charnay, Y., Vallet, P. G., Zhu, G., Harmony, J. A. K., Aronow, B. J., Tschopp, J., Bouras, C., Viard, I., French, L. E., et al. (2001) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0901-977 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Custirsen in combination with docetaxel and prednisone for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (SYNERGY trial): a phase 3, multicentre, open-label, randomised trial
Chi, K. N., Higano, C. S., Blumenstein, B. A., Ferrero, J.-., Reeves, J. A., Feyerabend, S., Gravis, G., Merseburger, A. S., Stenzl, A., Bergman, A. M., et al. (2017) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30168-7 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Possible neuroprotective role of clusterin in Alzheimer's disease: a quantitative immunocytochemical study
Giannakopoulos, P., Kövari, E., French, L. E., Viard, I., Hof, P. R., & Bouras, C. (1998) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s004010050815 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Knockdown of the cytoprotective chaperone, clusterin, chemosensitizes human breast cancer cells bothin vitroandin vivo
So, A., Sinnemann, S., Huntsman, D. D., Fazli, L., & Gleave, M. E. (2005) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.mct-05-0178 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Phase I/II Trial of Custirsen (OGX-011), an Inhibitor of Clusterin, in Combination with a Gemcitabine and Platinum Regimen in Patients with Previously Untreated Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Laskin, J. J., Nicholas, G. A., Lee, C., Gitlitz, B. J., Vincent, M. D., Cormier, Y. F., Stephenson, J., Ung, Y., Sanborn, R. E., Pressnail, B., et al. (2011) · Journal of Thoracic Oncology · doi:10.1097/jto.0b013e31823f459c · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Up‐regulated expression of cytoplasmic clusterin in human ovarian carcinoma
Xie, D., Lau, S. H., Sham, J. S. T., Wu, Q., Fang, Y., Liang, L., Che, L.-H., Zeng, Y., & Guan, X. (2004) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.20765 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Molecular Profiles of Pyramidal Neurons in the Superior Temporal Cortex in Schizophrenia
Pietersen, C. Y., Mauney, S. A., Kim, S. S., Lim, M. P., Rooney, R. J., Goldstein, J. M., Petryshen, T. L., Seidman, L. J., Shenton, M. E., McCarley, R. W., et al. (2014) · Journal of Neurogenetics · doi:10.3109/01677063.2014.882918 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Polymorphisms of CR1, CLU and PICALM confer susceptibility of Alzheimer's disease in a southern Chinese population
Chen, L. H., Kao, P. Y. P., Fan, Y., Ho, D. T. Y., Chan, C. S. Y., Yik, P. Y., Ha, J. C. T., Chu, L., & Song, Y. (2011) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.09.016 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Intracellular Clusterin Interacts with Brain Isoforms of the Bridging Integrator 1 and with the Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau in Alzheimer's Disease
Zhou, Y., Hayashi, I., Wong, J., Tugusheva, K., Renger, J. J., & Zerbinatti, C. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103187 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Distribution and Synthesis of Apolipoprotein J in the Atherosclerotic Aorta
Ishikawa, Y., Akasaka, Y., Ishii, T., Komiyama, K., Masuda, S., Asuwa, N., Choi-Miura, N.-H., & Tomita, M. (1998) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.18.4.665 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Epigenetic regulation of clusterin/apolipoprotein J expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells
Suuronen, T., Nuutinen, T., Ryhänen, T., Kaarniranta, K., & Salminen, A. (2007) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.03.135 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Apolipoproteins E and J interfere with amyloid‐beta uptake by primary human astrocytes and microglia in vitro
Mulder, S. D., Nielsen, H. M., Blankenstein, M. A., Eikelenboom, P., & Veerhuis, R. (2014) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22619 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Clusterin Inhibition Using OGX-011 Synergistically Enhances Hsp90 Inhibitor Activity by Suppressing the Heat Shock Response in Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Lamoureux, F., Thomas, C., Yin, M.-J., Kuruma, H., Beraldi, E., Fazli, L., Zoubeidi, A., & Gleave, M. E. (2011) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0994 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Exosomal clusterin, identified in the pericardial fluid, improves myocardial performance following MI through epicardial activation, enhanced arteriogenesis and reduced apoptosis
Foglio, E., Puddighinu, G., Fasanaro, P., D’Arcangelo, D., Perrone, G. A., Mocini, D., Campanella, C., Coppola, L., Logozzi, M., Azzarito, T., et al. (2015) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.06.008 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Microglial apolipoprotein E and astroglial apolipoprotein J expression in vitro: opposite effects of lipopolysaccharide
Saura, J., Petegnief, V., Wu, X., Liang, Y., & Paul, S. M. (2003) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01788.x · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Clusterin protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress-induced apoptosisviaAkt/GSK-3β signaling pathway
Jun, H.-O., Kim, D.-H., Lee, S.-W., Lee, H. S., Seo, J. H., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. H., Yu, Y. S., Min, B.-H., & Kim, K.-W. (2011) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3858/emm.2011.43.1.006 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Effects of Clusterin Overexpression on TNFα- and TGFβ-Mediated Death of L929 Cells
Humphreys, D. T., Hochgrebe, T. T., Easterbrook‐Smith, S. B., Tenniswood, M., & Wilson, M. R. (1997) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi9703507 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Intracellular clusterin causes juxtanuclear aggregate formation and mitochondrial alteration
Debure, L., Vayssière, J., Rincheval, V., Loison, F., Dréan, Y. L., & Michel, D. (2003) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.00619 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
SP‐40,40, a protein involved in the control of the complement pathway, possesses a unique array of disulphide bridges
Kirszbaum, L., Bozas, S. E., & Walker, I. D. (1992) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(92)80330-j · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Semen Clusterin Is a Novel DC-SIGN Ligand
Sabatté, J., Faigle, W., Ceballos, A., Morelle, W., Rodrígues, C. R., Lenicov, F. R., Thépaut, M., Fieschi, F., Malchiodi, E. L., Fernández, M. M., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1101889 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Genetics of Clusterin Isoform Expression and Alzheimer's Disease Risk
Ling, I., Bhongsatiern, J., Simpson, J. F., Fardo, D. W., & Estus, S. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033923 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Clusterin expression by astrocytes is influenced by transforming growth factor β1 and heterotypic cell interactions
Morgan, T. E., Laping, N. J., Rozovsky, I., Oda, T., Hogan, T. H., Finch, C. E., & Pasinetti, G. M. (1995) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0165-5728(94)00194-s · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Alzheimer Risk Variant CLU and Brain Function During Aging
Thambisetty, M., Beason‐Held, L. L., An, Y., Kraut, M. A., Nalls, M. A., Hernandez, D. G., Singleton, A., Zonderman, A. B., Ferrucci, L., Lovestone, S., et al. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.05.026 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citation
Association of GWAS Top Hits With Late-onset Alzheimer Disease in Korean Population
Chung, S. J., Lee, J., Kim, S. Y., You, S., Kim, M. J., Lee, J., & Koh, J. (2012) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0b013e31826d7281 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Clusterin Protects Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells from Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induced Apoptosis through GRP78
Wang, C., Jiang, K., Gao, D., Kang, X., Sun, C., Zhang, Q., Li, Y., Sun, L., Zhang, S., Guo, K., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055981 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

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Guerreiro R. Wojtas A. Bras J. Carrasquillo M. Rogaeva E. Majounie E. (2013). TREM2 variants in Alzheimer’s disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 368 117– 127. 10.1056/NEJMoa1211851 23150934 PMC3631573 · DOI · Paper page

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Authors: Foster, E. M., Dangla-Valls, A., Lovestone, S., Ribe, E. M., & Buckley, N. J.
Affiliations: University of Oxford (GB)
Corresponding author: Buckley, Noel J.
ORCID: Foster, Evangeline M.
Dangla-Valls, Adrià
Lovestone, Simon
Buckley, Noel J.
Venue: Frontiers in Neuroscience
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2019-02-28
Volume: 13
Pages: 164-164
ISSN: 1662-453X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00164
PMC: PMC6403191
OpenAlex: W2920516237
Cited by: 381
References: 343
Citations by year: 2026: 41 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 11
FWCI: 4.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Frontiers in Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: AstraZeneca
Fundación Alfonso Martín Escudero
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
Wellcome Trust
Alzheimer's Society
National Institute for Health and Care Research
Bupa Foundation
Medical Research Council (1246016)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Clusterin in disease pathology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Keywords: clusterin, Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-beta, protein isoforms, late-onset Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-beta aggregation, amyloid-beta clearance, neuroprotection, oxidative stress, proteotoxic stress, extracellular chaperones, lipid transport, immunomodulation, secretory pathway

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Clusterin in Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanisms, Genetics, and Lessons From Other Pathologies

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