Cited by 705Cell death mechanisms and regulationMitochondrial Function and PathologyCancer-related Molecular Pathways

Mechanisms of Action of Bcl-2 Family Proteins

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Shamas-Din, A., Kale, J., Leber, B., Andrews, D. W.·2013·Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

Abstract

The Bcl-2 family of proteins controls a critical step in commitment to apoptosis by regulating permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). The family is divided into three classes: multiregion proapoptotic proteins that directly permeabilize the MOM; BH3 proteins that directly or indirectly activate the pore-forming class members; and the antiapoptotic proteins that inhibit this process at several steps. Different experimental approaches have led to several models, each proposed to explain the interactions between Bcl-2 family proteins. The discovery that many of these interactions occur at or in membranes as well as in the cytoplasm, and are governed by the concentrations and relative binding affinities of the proteins, provides a new basis for rationalizing these models. Furthermore, these dynamic interactions cause conformational changes in the Bcl-2 proteins that modulate their apoptotic function, providing additional potential modes of regulation.

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  • BAX and BAK are the only BCL2 family members characterized so far in mammalian cells for their ability to form pores across the outer mitochondrial membrane and possibly other intracellular membranes.

    “Together with BOK, BCL2 family apoptosis regulator (BOK) [47], BAX and BAK are the only BCL2 family members characterized so far in mammalian cells for their ability to form pores across the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and possibly other intracellular membranes [29, 42, 43].”
  • MOMP is controlled by pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic members of the BCL2 protein family.

    “which is controlled by pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic members of the BCL2, apoptosis regulator (BCL2) protein family, a group of proteins sharing one to four BCL2 homology (BH) domains (i.e., BH1, BH2, BH3, and BH4) [29, 42, 43].”
  • MOMP is antagonized by anti-apoptotic members of the BCL2 family, including BCL2, BCL-XL, MCL1, BCL-W, and BFL-1.

    “MOMP is antagonized by anti-apoptotic members of the BCL2 family, including BCL2 itself, BCL2 like 1 (BCL2L1; best known as BCL-XL), MCL1, BCL2 family apoptosis regulator (MCL1), BCL2 like 2 (BCL2L2; best known as BCL-W), and BCL2 related protein A1 (BCL2A1; best known—in human—as BFL-1) [29, 42, 43].”

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Authors
Shamas-Din, A., Kale, J., Leber, B., & Andrews, D. W.
Affiliations
McMaster University (CA)
Venue
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
Published
2013-04-01
Volume
5
Issue
4
Pages
a008714-a008714
ISSN
1943-0264 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2139347878
Cited by
705
References
129
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 82 · 2020: 91 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 9
Type
posted content
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
Keywords
Bcl-2 family proteins, apoptosis, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, pro-apoptotic proteins, anti-apoptotic proteins, protein-protein interaction, protein conformational change, membrane binding, pore-forming proteins
MeSH terms
Animals, Cell Membrane Permeability, Cell Survival, Cytoplasm, Humans, Protein Binding, Protein Conformation, Apoptosis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins

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