Robustness: mechanisms and consequences
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Biological systems are robust to perturbation by mutations and environmental fluctuations. New data are shedding light on the biochemical and network-level mechanisms responsible for robustness. Robustness to mutation might have evolved as an adaptation to reduce the effect of mutations, as a congruent byproduct of adaptive robustness to environmental variation, or as an intrinsic property of biological systems selected for their primary functions. Whatever its mechanism or origin, robustness to mutation results in the accumulation of phenotypically cryptic genetic variation. Partial robustness can lead to pre-adaptation, and thereby might contribute to evolvability. The identification and characterization of phenotypic capacitors - which act as switches of the degree of robustness - are critical to understanding the mechanisms and consequences of robustness.
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Natural selection on developmental programmes in humans has led to robustness in a range of genetic or environmental perturbations, so typical development occurs along a track.
“We frame this issue using the concept of developmental canalization88, whereby natural selection on developmental programmes in humans has led to robustness in a range of genetic or environmental perturbations89,90: typical development occurs along a ‘track’ (FIG. 1c).”
From Systems biology and gene networks in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders (2015) · cites this paper as [89]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Masel, J., & Siegal, M. L.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Siegal, Mark L.
- ORCID
- Siegal, Mark L.
- Venue
- Trends in Genetics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 395-403
- ISSN
- 0168-9525 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2770586
- OpenAlex
- W2069614478
- Cited by
- 348
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 1.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM076041)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Philosophy and History of Science
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gene Regulatory Network Analysis
- Keywords
- biological robustness, environmental variability, preadaptation, evolvability, biochemical reaction networks
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Biological, Animals, Mutation, Genetic Variation, Gene Expression, Evolution, Molecular
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