The Hierarchy of Transcriptional Activation: From Enhancer to Promoter
Open accessAbstract
Regulatory elements (enhancers) that are remote from promoters play a critical role in the spatial, temporal, and physiological control of gene expression. Studies on specific loci, together with genome-wide approaches, suggest that there may be many common mechanisms involved in enhancer-promoter communication. Here, we discuss the multiprotein complexes that are recruited to enhancers and the hierarchy of events taking place between regulatory elements and promoters.
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Molecular processes that transmit regulatory information from enhancers to promoters, and those associated with promoter operation itself, are stochastic and dynamic.
“Molecular processes that are thought to transmit regulatory information from enhancers to promoters (such as recruitment of transcription factors and coactivators, assembly of the Mediator complex40), as well as those that are associated with promoter operation itself (such as pre-initiation complex assembly, RNA polymerase II pausing and release41,42) are also stochastic and dynamic43.”
From Nonlinear control of transcription through enhancer–promoter interactions (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
The Core promoter section describes different timings of PIC assembly and explicitly refers to the dynamics of PIC recruitment; the Enhancer-promoter communication section describes transiently detected TF complexes. These passages support the processes being dynamic, but our copy does not establish that they are stochastic. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Nonlinear control of transcription through enhancer-promoter interactions
Zuin, J., Roth, G., Zhan, Y., Cramard, J., Redolfi, J., Piskadlo, E., Mach, P., Kryzhanovska, M., Tihanyi, G., Kohler, H., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.04.22.440891 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
- Authors
- Vernimmen, D., & Bickmore, W. A.
- Affiliations
- Roslin Institute (GB)
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Vernimmen, Douglas
- Venue
- Trends in Genetics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-12
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 696-708
- ISSN
- 0168-9525 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2174466696
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 15
- FWCI
- 1.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Trends in Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- British Society for Haematology
- Medical Research Council
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBS/E/D/20221657)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Keywords
- enhancers, promoter, enhancer-promoter interactions, transcriptional activation, protein complexes, gene expression regulation, transcriptional hierarchy, chromatin regulation
- MeSH terms
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Transcriptional Activation
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