Viral disruption of the blood–brain barrier
Open accessAbstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) provides significant protection against microbial invasion of the brain. However, the BBB is not impenetrable, and mechanisms by which viruses breach it are becoming clearer. In vivo and in vitro model systems are enabling identification of host and viral factors contributing to breakdown of the unique BBB tight junctions. Key mechanisms of tight junction damage from inside and outside cells are disruption of the actin cytoskeleton and matrix metalloproteinase activity, respectively. Viral proteins acting in BBB disruption are described for HIV-1, currently the most studied encephalitic virus; other viruses are also discussed.
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Viral infection affects BBB integrity by mechanisms including phosphorylation of tight junction proteins, disruption of the basal lamina or of the actin cytoskeleton, or by invading BBB-epithelial cells and furthermore astrocytes.
“Viral infection also affects BBB integrity by different mechanisms, including phosphorylation of tight junction proteins, disruption of the basal lamina or of the actin cytoskeleton, or by invading BBB-epithelial cells and furthermore astrocytes [10, 31].”
From Hyperactivation of P2X7 receptors as a culprit of COVID-19 neuropathology (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
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- Authors
- Spindler, K. R., & Hsu, T.-H.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Spindler, Katherine R.
- Venue
- Trends in Microbiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 282-290
- ISSN
- 0966-842X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3367119
- OpenAlex
- W2033828724
- Cited by
- 219
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007544, T32 GM07544)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI068645, R01AI091721, AI023762, AI068645, AI091721, R56AI023762, R01AI023762)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Keywords
- blood-brain barrier, tight junctions, actin cytoskeleton, matrix metalloproteinases, HIV-1, viral encephalitis, viral proteins, host-virus interaction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood-Brain Barrier, Cytological Techniques, Disease Models, Animal, DNA Viruses, Humans, Models, Biological, RNA Viruses
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