Reversal of West Nile virus-induced blood–brain barrier disruption and tight junction proteins degradation by matrix metalloproteinases inhibitor
Open accessAbstract
Though compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a pathological hallmark of WNV-associated neurological sequelae, underlying mechanisms are unclear. We characterized the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in WNV-infected human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVE) and human brain cortical astrocytes (HBCA), components of BBB and their role in BBB disruption. Expression of multiple MMPs was significantly induced in WNV-infected HBCA cells. Naïve HBMVE cells incubated with the supernatant from WNV-infected HBCA cells demonstrated loss of tight junction proteins, which were rescued in the presence of MMP inhibitor, GM6001. Further, supernatant from WNV-infected HBCA cells compromised the in vitro BBB model integrity. Our data suggest astrocytes as one of the sources of MMP in the brain, which mediates BBB disruption allowing unrestricted entry of immune cells into the brain, thereby contributing to WNV neuropathogenesis. Because of the unavailability of WNV antivirals and vaccines, use of MMP inhibitors as an adjunct therapy to ameliorate WNV disease progression is warranted.
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Viral infections in general downregulate TJ proteins and promote chemokine production and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) expression in brain endothelial cells, thereby weakening the BBB and facilitating entry into the brain.
“Viral infections in general downregulate TJ proteins and promote chemokine production and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) expression in brain endothelial cells, thereby weakening the BBB and facilitating entry into the brain (5, 212, 399, 613).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [613]
The Results and Discussion (page unavailable) show that MMPs released by WNV-infected astrocytes degrade tight-junction proteins in brain endothelial cells and weaken an in-vitro BBB model. They do not establish this as a general effect of viral infection or report the claimed chemokine production and VCAM-1 expression in endothelial cells. Indeed, the Results say direct WNV infection did not reduce endothelial ZO-1 staining. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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- Authors
- Verma, S., Kumar, M., Gurjav, U., Lum, S., & Nerurkar, V. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nerurkar, Vivek R.
- Venue
- Virology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 397
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 130-138
- ISSN
- 0042-6822 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3102050
- OpenAlex
- W1968754528
- Cited by
- 151
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 5.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 1262 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Virology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Hawaii Community Foundation (20050405)
- Research Centers in Minority Institutions Program (G12RR003061)
- Centers of Biomedical Research Excellence (P20RR018727)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
- Keywords
- West Nile virus, blood-brain barrier disruption, matrix metalloproteinases, tight junction proteins, astrocytes, brain microvascular endothelial cells, GM6001, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, neuroinflammation
- MeSH terms
- Astrocytes, Blood-Brain Barrier, Dipeptides, Humans, Membrane Proteins, Phosphoproteins, Protease Inhibitors, West Nile virus, Tight Junctions, Matrix Metalloproteinases, Gene Expression Profiling, Endothelial Cells, Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors, Claudin-1, Zonula Occludens-1 Protein
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