The DOI matches its Crossref record; 83 of the 83 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Forward frontal fields: phylogeny and fundamental function
Open accessAbstract
The largest part of the primate prefrontal cortex has no homolog in other mammals. Accordingly, it probably confers some advantage that other mammals either lack or attain through the function of other structures. Yet, this advantage remains enigmatic. This is not so for other parts of the cortex. For example, certain visual areas encode, represent and store knowledge about objects. By analogy, perhaps the primate prefrontal cortex encodes, represents and stores knowledge about behaviors, including the consequences of doing (or not doing) something in complex and challenging situations. The long list of functions often attributed to the prefrontal cortex could contribute to knowing what to do and what will happen when rare risks arise or outstanding opportunities knock.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“First, the rodent OFC contains only agranular cortex, which corresponds to only a small region of the primate OFC, posteriorly (Wise, 2008; Passingham and Wise, 2012; Passingham, 2021), and these authors provide evidence that there is no equivalent in rodents of most of the primate OFC.”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as Wise, 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“As the PFC expands greatly in primates (Wise, 2008)”
From Guanfacine’s mechanism of action in treating prefrontal cortical disorders: Successful translation across species (2020) · cites this paper as Wise, 2008
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“these actions are particularly important in these higher species”
From Guanfacine’s mechanism of action in treating prefrontal cortical disorders: Successful translation across species (2020) · cites this paper as Wise, 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“First, the rodent OFC contains only agranular cortex, which corresponds to only a small region of the primate OFC, posteriorly (Wise, 2008; Passingham and Wise, 2012; Passingham, 2021), and these authors provide evidence that there is no equivalent in rodents of most of the primate OFC.”
From The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression (2020) · cites this paper as Wise, 2008
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
An Integrative Theory of Prefrontal Cortex Function
Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.167 · Cited by 12,803 · cited 1×
“They contribute to prospective coding[41,42]; sensory working memory[43,44]; attention to objects, places, actions and intentions[36, 45 ,46]; response inhibition[47]; the categorization of objects, sounds and event sequences[48‐50]; the selection, generation and sequencing of multiple actions[51‐53]; problemsolving s…”
BackgroundAttention to Action: Willed and Automatic Control of Behavior
Norman, D. A., & Shallice, T. (1986) · Consciousness and Self-Regulation · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0629-1_1 · Cited by 4,455
Paxinos, G. (1985) · Cited by 3,715
N-back working memory paradigm: a meta-analysis of normative functional neuroimaging studies.
Owen, A. M., McMillan, K. M., Laird, A. R., & Bullmore, E. (2005) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20131 · Cited by 3,560 · cited 1×
“Research on the ‘granular’ prefrontal cortex of humans emphasizes such processes as updating, manipulating and strategic controlofinformationstoredinshort-termmemory[33, 67 ]; establishingtasksetsandrules[68];mediatinghierarchies of behavioral control; behavioral inhibition; cognitive control in social situations[69];…”
BackgroundMnemonic coding of visual space in the monkey's dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Funahashi, S., Bruce, C. J., & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1989) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1989.61.2.331 · Cited by 2,685 · cited 1×
“Neurophysiological results that had been interpreted as memory signals[ 35 ]enabled other interpretations, usually because crucial variables remained uncontrolled and often unmonitored.”
ResultCommon regions of the human frontal lobe recruited by diverse cognitive demands
Duncan, J., & Owen, A. M. (2000) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01633-7 · Cited by 2,498 · cited 2×
“The idea that the knowledge stored by the ‘granular’ prefrontal cortex concerns aspects of behavior agrees with previous proposals about its role in behavioral flexibility and the diversity of its cognitive contributions, as propounded for example by Duncan and colleagues[72, 73 ,75]and by Shallice and Norman[76,77]as…”
MethodNeuron Activity Related to Short-Term Memory
Fuster, J. M., & Alexander, G. E. (1971) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.173.3997.652 · Cited by 2,085 · cited 1×
“They contribute to prospective coding[41,42]; sensory working memory[ 43 ,44]; attention to objects, places, actions and intentions[36,45,46]; response inhibition[47]; the categorization of objects, sounds and event sequences[48‐50]; the selection, generation and sequencing of multiple actions[51‐53]; problemsolving s…”
BackgroundDEFICITS IN STRATEGY APPLICATION FOLLOWING FRONTAL LOBE DAMAGE IN MAN
SHALLICE, T., & BURGESS, P. W. (1991) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/114.2.727 · Cited by 2,017 · cited 1×
“The idea that the knowledge stored by the ‘granular’ prefrontal cortex concerns aspects of behavior agrees with previous proposals about its role in behavioral flexibility and the diversity of its cognitive contributions, as propounded for example by Duncan and colleagues[72,73,75]and by Shallice and Norman[ 76 ,77]as…”
MethodThe Prefrontal Cortex—An Update
Fuster, J. M. (2001) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00285-9 · Cited by 1,837
Neural Mechanisms of Visual Working Memory in Prefrontal Cortex of the Macaque
Miller, E. K., Erickson, C. A., & Desimone, R. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-16-05154.1996 · Cited by 1,474 · cited 1×
“They contribute to prospective coding[41,42]; sensory working memory[43,44]; attention to objects, places, actions and intentions[36,45, 46 ]; response inhibition[47]; the categorization of objects, sounds and event sequences[48‐50]; the selection, generation and sequencing of multiple actions[51‐53]; problemsolving s…”
Background
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Goldman-Rakic, 1987, Circuitry of primate prefrontal cortex and regulation of behaviour by representational memory, Vol. 5, 373
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dopamine in motivational control: rewarding, aversive, and alerting
Bromberg-Martin, E. S., Matsumoto, M., & Hikosaka, O. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.022 · Cited by 2,396
“…(Figure 7A), a region that has been implicated in cognitive functions such as attentional search, working memory, cognitive control, and decision making between motivational outcomes (Williams and Castner, 2006; Lee and Seo, 2007; Wise, 2008; Kable and Glimcher, 2009; Wallis and Kennerley, 2010).”
BackgroundBalleine, B. W., & O'Doherty, J. P. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.131 · Cited by 1,775
Interoceptive predictions in the brain
Barrett, L. F., & Simmons, W. K. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3950 · Cited by 1,766
The role of medial prefrontal cortex in memory and decision making
Euston, D. R., Gruber, A. J., & McNaughton, B. L. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.12.002 · Cited by 1,541
Rethinking the Emotional Brain
LeDoux, J. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.02.004 · Cited by 1,594
“Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a key component of the cognitive workspace, is lacking in most other mammals, and is less developed in nonhuman primates than in humans (Reep, 1984; Braak, 1980; Preuss, 1995; Wise, 2008).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Wise, S. P.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wise, Steven P.
- Venue
- Trends in Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 599-608
- ISSN
- 0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2587508
- OpenAlex
- W2020287268
- Semantic Scholar
- 4570a9834f9b1e0a576a44607a5a935665c65eda
- Cited by
- 478
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 1.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (Z01MH001092)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- prefrontal cortex, phylogeny, primate evolution, cognitive function, behavioral knowledge, object knowledge, risk assessment, decision-making, comparative neuroanatomy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Phylogeny, Prefrontal Cortex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review