The role of medial prefrontal cortex in memory and decision making

Euston, David R.; Gruber, Aaron J.; McNaughton, Bruce L.

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.12.002

Cited by 1,541Memory and Neural MechanismsMemory Processes and InfluencesNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

The role of medial prefrontal cortex in memory and decision making

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Euston, David R., Gruber, Aaron J., McNaughton, Bruce L.·2012·Neuron

DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.12.002PMC PMC3562704

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Abstract

Some have claimed that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) mediates decision making. Others suggest mPFC is selectively involved in the retrieval of remote long-term memory. Yet others suggests mPFC supports memory and consolidation on time scales ranging from seconds to days. How can all these roles be reconciled? We propose that the function of the mPFC is to learn associations between context, locations, events, and corresponding adaptive responses, particularly emotional responses. Thus, the ubiquitous involvement of mPFC in both memory and decision making may be due to the fact that almost all such tasks entail the ability to recall the best action or emotional response to specific events in a particular place and time. An interaction between multiple memory systems may explain the changing importance of mPFC to different types of memories over time. In particular, mPFC likely relies on the hippocampus to support rapid learning and memory consolidation.

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Research in rodents and humans has distinguished dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex, with general agreement that dorsomedial prefrontal cortex supports cognitive processing while ventromedial prefrontal cortex supports emotional processing or internally directed activity.
“Many studies in rodents and humans have functionally differentiated the dorsal and ventral mPFC, and there is general concensus that dmPFC supports cognitive processing, while vmPFC supports more emotional processing (Euston et al., 2012, Bzdok et al., 2013b) or internally-directed activity (Raichle et al., 2001).”
From Developmental sex differences in resting state functional connectivity of amygdala sub-regions (2015) · cites this paper as Euston et al., 2012
The mPFC is involved in monitoring actions and detecting errors.
“is involved in monitoring actions and detecting errors”
From Naturalistic fNIRS assessment reveals decline in executive function and altered prefrontal activation following social media use in college students (2025) · cites this paper as [21]
Increased mPFC activity is associated with high effort to inhibit responses and performance monitoring influenced by social media.
“Increased mPFC activity is associated with high effort to inhibit responses and performance monitoring influenced by social media”
From Naturalistic fNIRS assessment reveals decline in executive function and altered prefrontal activation following social media use in college students (2025) · cites this paper as [21]

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Single neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex of the rat exhibit tonic and phasic coding during trace fear conditioning.
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Neuronal Correlates of Post-Error Slowing in the Rat Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex
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Noradrenergic Action in Prefrontal Cortex in the Late Stage of Memory ConsolidationPreprint
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Anterior cingulate neurons in the rat map anticipated effort and reward to their associated action sequences
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Systems Consolidation Requires Postlearning Activation of NMDA Receptors in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Trace Eyeblink Conditioning
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Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Error Potentials
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Medial Prefrontal Cortex Supports Recollection, But Not Familiarity, in the Rat
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The roles of the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in a spatial paired-association taskPreprint
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Advances in understanding ventromedial prefrontal function
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The Hippocampus and Context Revisited
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Inactivation of the anterior cingulate cortex blocks expression of remote, but not recent, conditioned taste aversion memoryPreprint
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Functional brain activation during retrieval of visceral pain-conditioned passive avoidance in the rat
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Paxinos G Watson C The Rat Brain 2007 Academic Press San Diego, CA 6th edn
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Authors: Euston, D. R., Gruber, A. J., & McNaughton, B. L.
Affiliations: University of Lethbridge (CA)
Corresponding author: Euston, David R.
ORCID: Euston, David R.
Gruber, Aaron J.
McNaughton, Bruce L.
Venue: Neuron
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2012-12
Volume: 76
Issue: 6
Pages: 1057-1070
ISSN: 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.12.002
PMC: PMC3562704
OpenAlex: W2087404956
Cited by: 1,541
References: 172
Citations by year: 2026: 102 · 2025: 153 · 2024: 141 · 2023: 125 · 2022: 125 · 2021: 163 · 2020: 136 · 2019: 141 · 2018: 100 · 2017: 103 · 2016: 84 · 2015: 76 · 2014: 64 · 2013: 27
FWCI: 4.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 384 d)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
Locations: Neuron (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS020331-26)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: medial prefrontal cortex, decision-making, memory consolidation, long-term memory retrieval, context-dependent learning, emotional memory, hippocampus, adaptive behavior
MeSH terms: Association Learning, Decision Making, Hippocampus, Humans, Memory, Neural Pathways, Prefrontal Cortex

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The role of medial prefrontal cortex in memory and decision making

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