The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
What is happening outside North America regarding human dirofilariasis?
Abstract
The etiologic agents of human dirofilariasis in the Old World are Dirofilaria immitis, which cause pulmonary and subcutaneous nodules, and Dirofilaria repens, which cause ocular lesions. Although reports of new cases of dirofilariasis are sporadic in other parts of the world, a considerable amount of information is generated in Europe regarding human dirofilariasis. Most cases have been detected in the Mediterranean countries, Ukraine, and Russia; however, isolated or short series of cases have been reported in the Balkan Republics and central and northern European countries. Seroepidemiologic studies have provided evidence that humans living in endemic areas present rates of infection similar to those of the autochthonous canine populations. Antibodies against endosymbiont Wolbachia bacteria have been demonstrated recently in human Dirofilaria infections. During D. immitis infections, preadult worms and third- and fourth-stage larvae are often destroyed by the host reaction, releasing a considerable amount of Wolbachia, and a Th1-type response against Wolbachia and/or filarial antigens is mounted. On the contrary, infections with D. repens, in which worms frequently remain intact, no Th1-type response has been observed. As humans are resistant hosts, the Th1-response could have a role in the resistance against parasites. The causes for the rise in the incidence of human dirofilariasis as well as the possible application of Wolbachia antigens in the serodiagnosis of human infections are discussed.
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In the citing paper
“In this decade (2000 to 2010), subcutaneous/ocular dirofilariasis expanded from southern to central and northern Europe (149,391,393).”
From Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic (2012) · cites this paper as [391]
In the citing paper
“In the Old World, where D. immitis and D. repens cocirculate in populations of animal reservoirs, subcutaneous/ocular dirofilariasis cases involving D. repens (n ϭ 1,370) largely predominate over pulmonary dirofilariasis cases (35), even in areas where D. immitis is highly endemic (391).”
From Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic (2012) · cites this paper as [391]
In the citing paper
“In some cases, only a cellular reaction is observed because worms have already been destroyed by the time the nodule is found (391).”
From Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic (2012) · cites this paper as [391]
In the citing paper
“This intervention could be avoided in many cases of a lung location”
From Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic (2012) · cites this paper as [391]
Citations
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Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic
Simón, F., Siles-Lucas, M., Morchón, R., González-Miguel, J., Mellado, I., Carretón, E., & Montoya-Alonso, J. A. (2012) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00012-12 · Cited by 834
Self-citationChapter 4 Heartworm Disease in Animals and Humans
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Effects of the Environmental Temperature on Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Mosquitoes: A Review
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Canine and feline cardiopulmonary parasitic nematodes in Europe: emerging and underestimated
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Heartworm Disease (Dirofilaria immitis) and Their Vectors in Europe – New Distribution Trends
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“In the human host is the causative agent of the pulmonary dirofilariasis and in many cases produces benign pulmonary nodules which can initially be misidentified as malignant tumors (Simón et al., 2005).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Simón, F., López-Belmonte, J., Marcos-Atxutegi, C., Morchón, R., & Martín-Pacho, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Salamanca (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Simón, F.
- Venue
- Veterinary Parasitology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-10
- Volume
- 133
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 181-189
- ISSN
- 0304-4017 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2008831311
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Veterinary Parasitology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Parma
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Helminth infection and control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Keywords
- human dirofilariasis, Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens, Wolbachia, serological diagnosis, Th1 response, host resistance to infection, seroprevalence, Mediterranean countries, Europe, ocular dirofilariasis, pulmonary nodules, subcutaneous nodules
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial, Dirofilaria, Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilariasis, Europe, Humans, Symbiosis, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Sentinel Surveillance, Wolbachia
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