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Cited by 249Parasitic Diseases Research and TreatmentResearch on Leishmaniasis StudiesParasitic infections in humans and animals

Zoonotic Filariasis

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Orihel, Thomas C., Eberhard, Mark L.·1998·Clinical Microbiology Reviews
DOI 10.1128/cmr.11.2.366PMC PMC106837
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Abstract

SUMMARY: Filariae of animals, especially those of mammals, often infect humans and typically produce cryptic infections. These “zoonotic” infections have been reported from virtually all parts of the world including temperate zones. Infections may be symptomatic or not, and the parasites are found in surgical tissue biopsy specimens or, more rarely, are removed intact from superficial sites such as the orbit or conjuctivae. Typically, these worms tend to occupy tissue sites similar to those occupied in the natural animal host, with the exception of the eyes. Many kinds of filariae have been isolated from humans, including species of Dirofilaria, Brugia, Onchocerca, Dipetalonema, Loaina and Meningonema. Worms have been found in subcutaneous tissues, the heart and lungs, lymphatics, the eye, and the central nervous system. Specific identification of these filariae is based on their morphological features in histologic sections. Unfortunately, some of these worms cannot be identified even at the generic level. There are other species of filariae, presumed to be zoonotic, which produce patent infections in humans but are poorly and incompletely known. These include Microfilaria semiclarum and Microfilaria bolivarensis. It is probable that almost any filaria parasitizing animals can, under proper circumstances, infect humans and undergo some degree of development. Undoubtedly, additional species of filariae will continue to be isolated from humans in the future.

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  • Subcutaneous/ocular infections caused by Dirofilaria species other than D. repens are quite rare in the Old World.

    “Subcutaneous/ocular infections caused by Dirofilaria species other than D. repens are quite rare in the Old World (45,315).”

    From Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic (2012) · cites this paper as [315]

  • Intact D. repens worms have been collected from subcutaneous nodules or ocular conjunctiva in some human infections.

    “Regarding worm development in human patients, intact worms have been collected from subcutaneous nodules or ocular conjunctiva in some infections by D. repens (214,315,343,364).”

    From Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic (2012) · cites this paper as [315]

  • Key features for worm species identification (cuticular ridge size, ridge numbers, ridge-to-ridge distance) are highly variable at different body areas of the same worm and even within a single transverse section, rendering these criteria unreliable for diagnosis.

    “In addition, some key features that are considered for worm species identification, including cuticular ridge size, ridge numbers, and ridge-to-ridge distance, are highly variable at different body areas of the same worm and even within a single transverse section, thereby rendering these criteria unreliable for diagnosis (315).”

    From Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic (2012) · cites this paper as [315]

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Cites

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1 of the 76 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 12

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Authors
Orihel, T. C., & Eberhard, M. L.
Affiliations
  • Tulane University (US)
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
Venue
Clinical Microbiology Reviews
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Published
1998-04
Volume
11
Issue
2
Pages
366-381
ISSN
  • 0893-8512 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-6618
DOI
10.1128/cmr.11.2.366
PMC
PMC106837
OpenAlex
W4237074218
Cited by
247
References
76
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 12
FWCI
0.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Clinical Microbiology Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Parasitic infections in humans and animals
Keywords
zoonotic filariasis, filarial nematodes, Dirofilaria, Brugia, Onchocerca volvulus, Dipetalonema, loa, cryptic infection, parasite identification, histopathology, subcutaneous tissue, lymphatic filariasis, ocular filariasis, central nervous system infection
MeSH terms
Animals, Filariasis, Filarioidea, Humans, Species Specificity, Zoonoses

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