Effects of endurance training on serum lipids
Abstract
Background and aims Physical activity is recommended as part of the lifestyle modification for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, however, the literature reports heterogeneous quantitative effects of exercise on serum lipids. We therefore reviewed the effects of aerobic exercise on serum lipids with special focus on the training effectiveness. Methods Data regarding effects of endurance training (ET) on total Cholesterol (TC), LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were evaluated in a selective literature search. To account for the observed heterogeneity of the training interventions, studies were analyzed according to effectiveness (duration, intensity, frequency) of training. Results Unselected training intervention studies did not exert significant effects on serum LDL-C but showed minor positive effects on HDL-C and TG. Effective endurance training - defined as endurance training performed by an intensity of 65-75% of the heart rate reserve (corresponding to 75-85% maximum heart rate or 65-80% VO 2max ) for a duration of 40-50min per training unit on 3-4days/week over a period of 26-40weeks showed improvement of serum lipids. Effective training lowered TC by -3.75% (p=0.0006), LDL-C by -4.76% (p=0.0015), TG by -8.24% (p=0.0004) and increased HDL-C by +4.43% (p=0.0061). Conclusion The analysis suggests that a minimum exercise threshold is necessary to produce effects on serum lipids. Overall, the quantitative effect of physical activity on se…
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Aerobic exercise training positively affects dyslipidaemia and Metabolic Syndrome and lowers cardiovascular disease risk.
“Aerobic exercise training (AET) positively affects dyslipidaemia and MetS [17–20] and lowers CVD risk [21, 22].”
A priori aerobic exercise training intervention covariates (intensity, frequency, session duration and intervention duration) have been shown to influence lipid outcomes.
“A priori AET intervention covariates (intensity, frequency, session duration and intervention duration) that have been shown to influence lipid outcomes were analysed [19, 45, 46].”
The study included aerobic exercise training protocols with an intensity (> 40% VO2MAX) at the lower end of the moderate-intensity range; this low-intensity may elicit very small changes in lipids, and the inclusion of these protocols may have resulted in understated effect sizes.
“We included AET protocols with an intensity (> 40% VO2MAX) at the lower end of the moderate-intensity range; this low-intensity may elicit very small changes in lipids [19], and the inclusion of these protocols may have resulted in understated effect sizes.”
A minimum effective aerobic exercise training protocol requires an AET volume of > 45 min per session for 3-4 sessions per week for a duration of > 26 weeks at > 65% VO2MAX to positively affect lipids.
“A previous systematic review pooling data from AET interventions compared thresholds of intensity and volume, and determined that a minimum effective AET protocol required an AET volume of > 45 min per session for 3–4 sessions per week for a duration of > 26 weeks at > 65% VO2MAX [19] to positively affect lipids.”
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The effects of exercise training on lipid metabolism and coronary heart disease
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HIIT is not superior to MICT in altering blood lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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The impact of physical exercise on neuromuscular function in Myasthenia gravis patients
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HDL-Cholesterol and Triglycerides Dynamics: Essential Players in Metabolic Syndrome
Alcover, S., Ramos-Regalado, L., Girón, G., Muñoz‐García, N., & Vilahur, G. (2025) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox14040434 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Ewanchuk, B. W., Gharagozloo, M., Peelen, E., & Pilutti, L. A. (2018) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2018.08.022 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
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“We included AET protocols with an intensity (> 40% VO2MAX) at the lower end of the moderate-intensity range; this low-intensity may elicit very small changes in lipids [19], and the inclusion of these protocols may have resulted in understated effect sizes.”
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Metabolic View on Human Healthspan: A Lipidome-Wide Association Study
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Lifestyle Management of Diabetes: Implications for the Bone-Vascular Axis
Pieralice, S., Vigevano, F., Toro, R. D., Napoli, N., & Maddaloni, E. (2018) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-018-1060-y · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The impact of whole-body cryotherapy on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Rymaszewska, J. E., Stańczykiewicz, B., Lion, K., & Misiak, B. (2020) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102568 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
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Aluta, U. P., Aderolu, A. Z., Lawal, M. O., & Olutola, A. A. (2021) · Scientific African · doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00780 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Chen, X., Zhao, S., Hsue, C., Dai, X., Liu, L., Miller, J. D., Fang, Z., Feng, J., Huang, Y., Wang, X., et al. (2021) · Primary care diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2021.08.013 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Preventing Diabetes and Atherosclerosis in the Cardiometabolic Syndrome
Ahmad, M. I., & Shapiro, M. D. (2021) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-021-00913-8 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Physiological Changes, Activity, and Stress During a 100-km–24-h Walking-March
Jörres, M., Gunga, H., & Steinach, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.640710 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Physical Activity Level Influences MTHFR Gene Methylation Profile in Diabetic Patients
Diniz, T. G., Silva, A. S., Nunes, M. K. D. S., Ribeiro, M. D., Filho, J. M., do Nascimento, R. A. F., Gomes, C. N. A. P., Evangelista, I. W. D. Q., de Oliveira, N. F. P., & Persuhn, D. C. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.618672 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Cao, Y., Zhu, L., & Liu, J. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2021-0295 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
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Yong-Kuk, L., Cho, S., & Roh, H. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182010789 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The effects of exercise training on lipid profile in patients with sarcoidosis
Jastrzębski, D., Toczyłowska, B., Ziemińska, E., Żebrowska, A., Kostorz‐Nosal, S., Świętochowska, E., Giulio, C. D., & Ziora, D. I. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-84815-4 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
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Impacto del ejercicio sobre el metabolismo de los lípidos y la dislipidemia
Scher-Nemirovsky, E. A., Manco, D. R., & Mendivil, C. O. (2019) · Revista de Nutrición Clínica y Metabolismo · doi:10.35454/rncm.v2n2.004 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Lebensstilintervention in der Primärprävention von kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen
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Fikenzer, S., Fikenzer, K., Laufs, U., Falz, R., Schulze, A., & Busse, M. W. (2020) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.19.10225-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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Research Progress on Anti-Hyperlipidemia Peptides Derived from Foods
Zhao, M., Qiao, K., Zhang, L., Li, L., Chen, S., Chen, L., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17071181 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
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Dose response of running on blood biomarkers of wellness in generally healthy individuals
Nogal, B., Vinogradova, S. V., Jorge, M., Torkamani, A., Fabian, P., & Blander, G. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0293631 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Çelik, Z., Sarı, F., & Bayram, A. (2026) · Balıkesır Health Sciences Journal · doi:10.53424/balikesirsbd.1761734 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Exercise in Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes: A Central Role for Insulin Sensitivity
Schauer, I. E., Regensteiner, J. G., & Reusch, J. E. B. (2019) · Contemporary Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25057-7_18 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Aerobic Exercise, Metabolic Syndrome, and Lipid Profiles: Protocol for a Quantitative Review
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Körperliche Aktivität in der Rehabilitation nach Myokardinfarkt
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Lang bekannt und meist ungenutzt: Lebensstilmaßnahmen zur Unterstützung der lipidsenkenden Therapie
Stefan Lorkowski, A. (2022) · DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1055/a-1516-2581 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Österreichischer Lipidkonsensus 2026
Kronenberg, F., Höllerl, F., Brath, H., Rega‐Kaun, G., Greber‐Platzer, S., Weiser, C., Klein, D. P., Riesenhuber, N., Binder, C. J., Brix, J. M., et al. (2026) · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s00508-026-02760-6
- Authors
- Fikenzer, K., Fikenzer, S., Laufs, U., & Werner, C.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital Leipzig (DE)
- Leipzig University (DE)
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Fikenzer, Kati
- Venue
- Vascular Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-02
- Volume
- 101
- Pages
- 9-20
- ISSN
- 1537-1891 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2773325474
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 1.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Vascular Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Keywords
- endurance training, aerobic exercise, serum lipids, hyperlipidemia, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, exercise intensity, heart rate reserve, physical activity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Exercise Therapy, Female, Humans, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Endurance, Time Factors, Biomarkers, Treatment Outcome, Dyslipidemias, Lipid Metabolism, Young Adult
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