Exercise for overweight or obesity
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Clinical trials have shown that exercise in adults with overweight or obesity can reduce bodyweight. There has been no quantitative systematic review of this in The Cochrane Library. OBJECTIVES: To assess exercise as a means of achieving weight loss in people with overweight or obesity, using randomised controlled clinical trials. SEARCH STRATEGY: Studies were obtained from computerised searches of multiple electronic bibliographic databases. The last search was conducted in January 2006. SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies were included if they were randomised controlled trials that examined body weight change using one or more physical activity intervention in adults with overweight or obesity at baseline and loss to follow-up of participants of less than 15%. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS: The 43 studies included 3476 participants. Although significant heterogeneity in some of the main effects' analyses limited ability to pool effect sizes across some studies, a number of pooled effect sizes were calculated. When compared with no treatment, exercise resulted in small weight losses across studies. Exercise combined with diet resulted in a greater weight reduction than diet alone (WMD -1.1 kg; 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.5 to -0.6). Increasing exercise intensity increased the magnitude of weight loss (WMD -1.5 kg; 95% CI -2.3 to -0.7). There were significant differences in other outcome measures such as serum lipids, blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose. Exercise as a sole weight loss intervention resulted in significant reductions in diastolic blood pressure (WMD -2 mmHg; 95% CI -4 to -1), triglycerides (WMD -0.2 mmol/L; 95% CI -0.3 to -0.1) and fasting glucose (WMD -0.2 mmol/L; 95% CI -0.3 to -0.1). Higher intensity exercise resulted in greater reduction in fasting serum glucose than lower intensity exercise (WMD -0.3 mmol/L; 95% CI -0.5 to -0.2). No data were identified on adverse events, quality of life, morbidity, costs or on mortality. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The results of this review support the use of exercise as a weight loss intervention, particularly when combined with dietary change. Exercise is associated with improved cardiovascular disease risk factors even if no weight is lost.
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Participation in an exercise training program favors weight loss, although of only modest magnitude.
“concluding that participation in an exercise training program does favor weight loss, although of only modest magnitude.”
Well-conducted systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in the 2000s provided evidence of effects of exercise on weight loss and body composition.
“Well‐conducted systematic reviews and meta‐analyses published in the 2000s provided evidence of such effects of exercise on weight loss and body composition, but also acknowledged a lack of evidence on the effects of exercise on weight maintenance.4, 5, 6”
Well-conducted systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in the 2000s acknowledged a lack of evidence on the effects of exercise on weight maintenance.
“Well‐conducted systematic reviews and meta‐analyses published in the 2000s provided evidence of such effects of exercise on weight loss and body composition, but also acknowledged a lack of evidence on the effects of exercise on weight maintenance.4, 5, 6”
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“The remaining 28 publications were rated good or fair quality and included in the evidence base that was used to formulate the ESs and recommendations (12-39).”
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- Authors
- Shaw, K. A., Gennat, H. C., O'Rourke, P., & Del Mar, C.
- Affiliations
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research (AU)
- University of Tasmania (AU)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Bond University; Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine; University Pde Robina Gold Coast Queensland Australia 4229
- Venue
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-10-18
- Volume
- 2010
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- CD003817-CD003817
- ISSN
- 1361-6137 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-1858
- PMC
- PMC9017288
- OpenAlex
- W1556618881
- Cited by
- 950
- References
- 139
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 79 · 2012: 68
- FWCI
- 5.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bond University Research Portal (Bond University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- physical activity, overweight, obesity, weight loss, physical activity interventions, exercise intensity, blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, cardiovascular risk factors, adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Diet, Reducing, Humans, Obesity, Weight Loss, Exercise, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Overweight
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