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Cited by 320Insect Utilization and EffectsComposting and Vermicomposting TechniquesForensic Entomology and Diptera Studies

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Biowaste treatment with black soldier fly larvae: Increasing performance through the formulation of biowastes based on protein and carbohydrates

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Gold, Moritz, Cassar, Cecille Marie, Zurbrügg, Christian, Kreuzer, Michael, Boulos, Samy, Diener, Stefan, Mathys, Alexander·2020·Waste Management
DOI 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.036
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Abstract

A key challenge for black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) treatment is its variable reliability and efficiency when applied to different biowastes. Similar to other biowaste treatment technologies, co-conversion could compensate for variability in the composition of biowastes. Using detailed nutrient analyses, this study assessed whether mixing biowastes to similar protein and non-fibre carbohydrate (NFC) contents increased the performance and reduced the variability of BSFL treatment in comparison to the treatment of individual wastes. The biowastes examined were mill by-products, human faeces, poultry slaughterhouse waste, cow manure, and canteen waste. Biowaste formulations had a protein-to-NFC ratio of 1:1, a protein content of 14-19%, and a NFC content of 13-15% (dry mass). Performance parameters that were assessed included survival and bioconversion rate, waste reduction, and waste conversion and protein conversion efficiency. In comparison to poultry feed (benchmark), vegetable canteen waste showed the best performance and cow manure performed worst. Formulations showed significantly improved performance and lower variability in comparison to the individual wastes. However, variability in performance was higher than expected for the formulations. One reason for this variability could be different fibre and lipid contents, which correlated with the performance results of the formulations. Overall, this research provides baseline knowledge and guidance on how BSFL treatment facilities may systematically operate using biowastes of varying types and compositions.

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  • Larvae reared in protein food sources are larger than those feeding on a carbohydrate food source.

    “Jalil et al. [63] have proven that larvae reared in protein food sources are larger than those feeding on a carbohydrate food source.”

    From A Review of Organic Waste Treatment Using Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) (2022) · cites this paper as [63]

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Metadata

Authors
Gold, M., Cassar, C. M., Zurbrügg, C., Kreuzer, M., Boulos, S., Diener, S., & Mathys, A.
Affiliations
  • ETH Zurich (CH)
  • University of Stuttgart (DE)
  • Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (CH)
  • Biovision – Foundation for Ecological Development (CH)
Corresponding author
Mathys, Alexander
ORCID
Venue
Waste Management
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2020-02
Volume
102
Pages
319-329
ISSN
0956-053X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.036
OpenAlex
W2981747756
Cited by
320
References
5
Citations by year
2026: 46 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 13
FWCI
19.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Waste Management (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DORA Eawag (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • ETH Zürich Research Collection (cc-by)
Funders
  • Sawiris Foundation for Social Development
  • ETH Zurich Foundation, ETH Global, and Bühler AG
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect Utilization and Effects
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Composting and Vermicomposting Techniques
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Forensic Entomology and Diptera Studies
Keywords
black soldier fly larvae, Hermetia illucens, biowaste treatment, CO conversion, protein-carbohydrate ratio, non-fiber carbohydrates, protein conversion efficiency, waste reduction, human feces, poultry slaughterhouse waste, cattle manure, canteen waste, performance variability
MeSH terms
Animals, Carbohydrates, Cattle, Diptera, Female, Humans, Larva, Manure, Simuliidae, Reproducibility of Results

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