The DOI matches its Crossref record; 324 of the 324 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Progesterone receptors: Form and function in brain
Open accessAbstract
Emerging data indicate that progesterone has multiple non-reproductive functions in the central nervous system to regulate cognition, mood, inflammation, mitochondrial function, neurogenesis and regeneration, myelination and recovery from traumatic brain injury. Progesterone-regulated neural responses are mediated by an array of progesterone receptors (PR) that include the classic nuclear PRA and PRB receptors and splice variants of each, the seven transmembrane domain 7TMPRbeta and the membrane-associated 25-Dx PR (PGRMC1). These PRs induce classic regulation of gene expression while also transducing signaling cascades that originate at the cell membrane and ultimately activate transcription factors. Remarkably, PRs are broadly expressed throughout the brain and can be detected in every neural cell type. The distribution of PRs beyond hypothalamic borders, suggests a much broader role of progesterone in regulating neural function. Despite the large body of evidence regarding progesterone regulation of reproductive behaviors and estrogen-inducible responses as well as effects of progesterone metabolite neurosteroids, much remains to be discovered regarding the functional outcomes resulting from activation of the complex array of PRs in brain by gonadally and/or glial derived progesterone. Moreover, the impact of clinically used progestogens and developing selective PR modulators for targeted outcomes in brain is a critical avenue of investigation as the non-reproductive functions of PRs have far-reaching implications for hormone therapy to maintain neurological health and function throughout menopausal aging.
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“Canonical and non-canonical AR, ER, and PR, are expressed on neuronal membranes and in glial cells(Almey et al., 2014; Brinton et al., 2008; Foradori et al., 2008; Mermelstein and Micevych, 2008; Petersen et al., 2013).”
From Does puberty mark a transition in sensitive periods for plasticity in the associative neocortex? (2017) · cites this paper as Brinton et al., 2008
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“…estradiol receptors (ERα and ERβ) and the progesterone receptors (PRA and PRB) are highly expressed in brain areas associated with reproduction, cognitive function, and emotional processing such as the hypothalamus and the limbic system (for review, see Gruber et al., 2002; Brinton et al., 2008).”
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“N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript 2003;Brinton et al., 2008;Auger and De Vries, 2002).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Brinton, R. D., Thompson, R. F., Foy, M. R., Baudry, M., Wang, J., Finch, C. E., Morgan, T. E., Pike, C. J., Mack, W. J., Stanczyk, F. Z., & Nilsen, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Loyola Marymount University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-05
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 313-339
- ISSN
- 0091-3022 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2398769
- OpenAlex
- W2113179569
- Cited by
- 675
- References
- 324
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 3.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG026572)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
- Keywords
- progesterone receptor, progesterone, brain, PGRMC1, neurosteroids, cognition, mood, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial function, neurogenesis, myelination, traumatic brain injury, progestogens, selective progesterone receptor modulators, menopause, hormone therapy
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Brain, Brain Chemistry, Female, Humans, Male, Meiosis, Memory, Mitosis, Neuroglia, Neuronal Plasticity, Receptors, Progesterone, Neuroprotective Agents, Protein Isoforms, Cell Proliferation
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