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Cited by 136Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentMemory and Neural Mechanisms

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Etiology of childhood phobias: current status of Rachman’s three pathways theory

King, Neville J., Eleonora, Gullone, Ollendick, Thomas H.·1998·Behaviour Research and Therapy
DOI 10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00015-1
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Abstract

Despite advances in the assessment and treatment of childhood phobias, little is known about their etiology. Rachman has proposed that phobias are acquired through three different pathways: direct conditioning, modeling or instructions/information. We evaluate the empirical support for Rachman's theory in relation to the origins of childhood phobias. Although we find support for Rachman's theory, a number of methodological and theoretical issues are emphasized. For example, insufficient attention has been given to the reliability and validity of retrospective subject reports on the acquisition of childhood phobias. Also some findings on the origins of childhood fears and phobias are more consistent with a nonassociative account of phobia onset, thus providing an interesting challenge to Rachman's theory.

Overview

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00015-1

Cites

58 of 58 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Parents of phobic preschoolers may be especially inclined to provide learning contexts associated with fear as many parents experience phobias themselves.

    “Parents of phobic preschoolers may be especially inclined to provide learning contexts associated with fear as many parents experience phobias themselves (King et al., 1998; Murray & Foote, 1979).”

    From Specific Phobia in Young Children: Associations between the Origins of Fear and Clinical Expression of Phobia Symptoms. (2025) · cites this paper as King et al., 1998

  • This study extends upon the current literature by considering and comparing the combinations of pathways, including direct and indirect combined and both indirect pathways combined, which are hypothesised to occur naturally during daily interactions; including all reported phobia subtypes; and addressing some of the methodological limitations of previous research in this area (i.e. reducing memory

    “This study extends upon the current literature by considering and comparing the combinations of pathways, including direct and indirect combined and both indirect pathways combined, which are hypothesised to occur naturally during daily interactions (King et al., 1998; Murray et al., 2009); including all reported phobia subtypes; and addressing some of the methodological limitations of previous re”

    From Specific Phobia in Young Children: Associations between the Origins of Fear and Clinical Expression of Phobia Symptoms. (2025) · cites this paper as King et al., 1998

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 59 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Kashani, 1987, Psychiatric disorders in a community sample of adolescents, American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 584
  2. Menzies, R. (1997). Water phobia. In G. L. C. Davey (Ed.), Phobias. A handbook of theory, research and treatment, (pp. 129–127). Chichester: Wiley
  3. Thorpe, S. J., and Salkovskis, P. M. (1997). Animal phobias. In G. C. L. Davey (Ed.), Phobias. A handbook of theory, research and treatment, (pp. 81–105). Chichester: Wiley
  4. World Health Organization (1992). International classification of mental and behavioral disorders, clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines (10th ed.). Geneva: Author

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Metadata

Authors
King, N. J., Eleonora, G., & Ollendick, T. H.
Affiliations
  • Monash University (AU)
  • Virginia Tech (US)
Corresponding author
King, Neville J.
ORCID
Ollendick, Thomas H.
Venue
Behaviour Research and Therapy
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1998-03
Volume
36
Issue
3
Pages
297-309
ISSN
0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00015-1
OpenAlex
W2062543094
Cited by
136
References
59
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
FWCI
0.95
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords
childhood phobia, etiology, modeling, information acquisition, retrospective reports, fear acquisition
MeSH terms
Attention, Child, Conditioning, Psychological, Female, Humans, Imitative Behavior, Male, Phobic Disorders, Mental Recall, Retrospective Studies

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