The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Attenuation of frontal asymmetry in pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder
Abstract
Background Volumetric imaging research has shown abnormal brain morphology in adults with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) when compared with matched control subjects. In this article, we present brain imaging findings from a study of children with PTSD symptoms.Methods Twenty-four children between the ages of 7 and 14 with a history of trauma and PTSD symptoms were assessed with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for Children and Adolescents (CAPS-CA). The sample underwent magnetic resonance imaging in a 1.5 T scanner. Brain images were analyzed by raters blind to diagnostic status using well-standardized methods, and images were compared with age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects.Results The clinical group demonstrated attenuation of frontal lobe asymmetry and smaller total brain and cerebral volumes when compared with the control group. There were no statistically significant differences in hippocampal volume between clinical and control subjects.Conclusions Frontal lobe abnormalities may occur as a result of PTSD in children or, alternatively, be a risk factor for the development of the syndrome in this age group. The implications of the findings and their consistency with previous research are discussed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Several morphometric MRI studies have reported decreased volumes of frontal cortex in PTSD (Carrion et al., 2001;Fennema-Notestine et al., 2002).”
From Neuroimaging research in posttraumatic stress disorder – Focus on amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (2019) · cites this paper as Carrion et al., 2001
In the citing paper
“Decreased volumes of frontal cortex fMRI: Carrion et al. (2001); Fennema-Notestine et al. (2002)”
From Neuroimaging research in posttraumatic stress disorder – Focus on amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (2019) · cites this paper as Carrion et al. (2001)
In the citing paper
“Researchers found more regularly that the medial prefrontal cortex was smaller and hyper-reactive during symptomatic conditions.”
From Neuroimaging research in posttraumatic stress disorder – Focus on amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (2019) · cites this paper as Carrion et al. (2001)
In the citing paper
“Smaller total brain volume were found in children with posttraumatic stress compared with nonmaltreated youth (Carrion et al, 2001).”
From Deviations from the expectable environment in early childhood and emerging psychopathology (2015) · cites this paper as Carrion et al, 2001
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory
Oldfield, R. C. (1971) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4 · Cited by 35,900
Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain
Talairach, J., & Tournoux, P. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,798
Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain
Laitinen, L. (1989) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/0303-8467(89)90128-5 · Cited by 7,565
Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys
Marshall, W. A., & Tanner, J. M. (1970) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.45.239.13 · Cited by 5,147
The development of a Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale
Blake, D. D., Weathers, F. W., Nagy, L. M., Kaloupek, D. G., Gusman, F. D., Charney, D. S., & Keane, T. M. (1995) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.2490080106 · Cited by 5,024
Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Community: The 1996 Detroit Area Survey of Trauma
Breslau, N., Kessler, R. C., Chilcoat, H. D., Schultz, L. R., Davis, G. C., & Andreski, P. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.7.626 · Cited by 2,407
The potential role of hypocortisolism in the pathophysiology of stress-related bodily disorders
Heim, C., Ehlert, U., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2000) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(99)00035-9 · Cited by 1,688
(1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.7.973 · Cited by 1,610
Bremner, J. D., Randall, P., Vermetten, E., Staib, L., Bronen, R. A., Mazure, C., Capelli, S., McCarthy, G., Innis, R. B., & Charney, D. S. (1997) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00162-x · Cited by 1,283
Stress induces atrophy of apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons
Watanabe, Y., Gould, E., & McEwen, B. S. (1992) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)91597-8 · Cited by 1,212
Life Threat and Posttraumatic Stress in School-age Children
Pynoos, R. S. (1987) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800240031005 · Cited by 1,206
A clinician rating scale for assessing current and lifetime PTSD. The CAPS-1
Blake, D. D., Weathers, F. W., Nagy, L., Kaloupek, D. G., Klauminzer, G. W., Charney, D. S., & Keane, T. M. (1990) · Behavior Therapy · Cited by 1,123
Developmental traumatology part II: brain development∗∗See accompanying Editorial, in this issue.
De Bellis, M. D., Keshavan, M. S., Clark, D. B., Casey, B. J., Giedd, J. N., Boring, A. M., Frustaci, K., & Ryan, N. D. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00045-1 · Cited by 974
Breslau, N., Chilcoat, H. D., Kessler, R. C., & Davis, G. C. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.6.902 · Cited by 966
Hippocampal volume in women victimized by childhood sexual abuse
STEIN, M. B., KOVEROLA, C., HANNA, C., TORCHIA, M. G., & McCLARTY, B. (1997) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291797005242 · Cited by 924
CATTELL, J. M. (1923) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/000271622311000117 · Cited by 911
Gurvits, T. V., Shenton, M. E., Hokama, H., Ohta, H., Lasko, N. B., Gilbertson, M. W., Orr, S. P., Kikinis, R., Jolesz, F. A., McCarley, R. W., et al. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00229-6 · Cited by 899
Brain development, gender and IQ in children
Reiss, A. L., Abrams, M. T., Singer, H. S., ROSS, J. L., & DENCKLA, M. B. (1996) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/119.5.1763 · Cited by 892
Self-citationAdolescent Self-assessment of Sexual Maturation
Neinstein, L. S. (1982) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/000992288202100806 · Cited by 780
Adolescents' Self-Assessment of Sexual Maturation
Duke, P. M., Litt, I. F., & Gross, R. T. (1980) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.66.6.918 · Cited by 681
Roth, S., Newman, E., Pelcovitz, D., van der Kolk, B., & Mandel, F. S. (1997) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.2490100403 · Cited by 581
Quantitative morphology of the caudate nucleus in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Castellanos, F. X., Giedd, J. N., Eckburg, P. B., Marsh, W., Vaituzis, A. C., Kaysen, D. L., Hamburger, S. D., & Rapoport, J. L. (1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.12.1791 · Cited by 432
Breslau, N., Chilcoat, H. D., Kessler, R. C., Peterson, E. L., & Lucia, V. C. (1999) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291799008612 · Cited by 429
Children's PTSD reactions one year after a sniper attack at their school
Nader, K., Pynoos, R. S., Fairbanks, L. A., & Frederick, C. J. (1990) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.147.11.1526 · Cited by 408
Human brain dopamine receptors in children and aging adults
Seeman, P., Bzowej, N. H., Guan, H. ‐., Bergeron, C., Becker, L. E., Reynolds, G. P., Bird, E. D., Riederer, P., Jellinger, K., Watanabe, S., et al. (1987) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.890010503 · Cited by 404
Peterson, B. S., Riddle, M. A., Cohen, D. J., Katz, L. D., Smith, J. C., Hardin, M. T., & Leckman, J. F. (1993) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.43.5.941 · Cited by 394
Glucocortcoids mediate the stress-induced extracellular accumulation of glutamate
Moghaddam, B., Bolinao, M. L., Stein-Behrens, B., & Sapolsky, R. (1994) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91622-5 · Cited by 378
Volumetric MRI changes in basal ganglia of children with Tourette's syndrome
Singer, H. S., Reiss, A. L., Brown, J. E., Aylward, E., Shih, B., Chee, E., Harris, E. L., Reader, M. J., Chase, G. A., Bryan, R. N., et al. (1993) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.43.5.950 · Cited by 370
Self-citationCohen, J. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199810001-00002 · Cited by 358
Automatic Atlas-Based Volume Estimation of Human Brain Regions from MR Images
Andreasen, N. C., Rajarethinam, R., Cizadlo, T., Arndt, S. V., Swayze, V. W., Flashman, L. A., OʼLeary, D. S., Ehrhardt, J. C., & Yuh, W. T. C. (1996) · Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography · doi:10.1097/00004728-199601000-00018 · Cited by 312
Frontal and Temporal Lobe Brain Volumes in Schizophrenia
Turetsky, B. I. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240079013 · Cited by 243
Kates, W. R., Abrams, M. T., Kaufmann, W. E., Breiter, S. N., & Reiss, A. L. (1997) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(97)00019-x · Cited by 223
Self-citationHuman cerebral asymmetries evaluated by computed tomography.
Chiu, H.-M., & Damásio, A. R. (1980) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.43.10.873 · Cited by 188
Quantitative Analysis of Cerebral Asymmetries
Bear, D. M. (1986) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1986.00520060060019 · Cited by 185
Trauma and Dissociation in Delinquent Adolescents
CARRION, V. G., & STEINER, H. (2000) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200003000-00018 · Cited by 166
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Kelly, F., Meydani, M., & Packer, L. (1962) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-009654-4.50061-3 · Cited by 114
Automated Talairach atlas-based parcellation and measurement of cerebral lobes in children
Kates, W. R., Warsofsky, I. S., Patwardhan, A. J., Abrams, M. T., Liu, A. M. C., Naidu, S., Kaufmann, W. E., & Reiss, A. L. (1999) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(99)00011-6 · Cited by 107
Self-citationPotential behavioral modification of glucocorticoid damage to the hippocampus
Sapolsky, R. M. (1993) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(93)90133-b · Cited by 105
Reliability and Validity of an Algorithm for Fuzzy Tissue Segmentation of MRI
Reiss, A. L., Hennessey, J. G., Rubin, M. A., Beach, L., Abrams, M. T., Warsofsky, I. S., Liu, A. M. C., & Links, J. M. (1998) · Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography · doi:10.1097/00004728-199805000-00021 · Cited by 92
Self-citationMorphological Alteration of Temporal Lobe Gray Matter in Dyslexia: An MRI Study
D, S. E. M., Rumsey, J. M., Giedd, J. N., Schmitt, J. E., Patwardhan, A. J., & Reiss, A. L. (2000) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00650 · Cited by 87
Self-citationAttributional style in clinically depressed and conduct disordered adolescents.
Curry, J. F., & Craighead, W. E. (1990) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.58.1.109 · Cited by 79
Attributional style in clinically depressed and conduct disordered adolescents.
Curry, J. F., & Craighead, W. E. (1990) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.58.1.109 · Cited by 57
Volumetric assessment of cerebral asymmetry from CT scans
Zipursky, R. B., Lim, K. O., & Pfefferbaum, A. (1990) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/0925-4927(90)90010-4 · Cited by 52
Kumar, A., Bilker, W. B., Lavretsky, H., & Gottlieb, G. L. (2000) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(00)00067-6 · Cited by 51
Imaki, T., & Vale, W. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91431-q · Cited by 34
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Blake, 1990, A clinician rating scale for assessing current and lifetime PTSD, Behav Ther, 18, 187
- Carrion, 2000, Cerebral volumes and cortisol levels in pediatric PTSD. Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 170
- Golier J, Yehuda R, Grossman R, De Santi S, Convit A, de Leon M (2000): Hippocampal volume and memory performance in holocaust survivors with and without PTSD. Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, December, p. 284.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Child abuse: Adolescent records vs. adult recall
Femina, D. D., Yeager, C. A., & Lewis, D. O. (1990) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(90)90033-p · Cited by 8,820
Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Bremner, J. D., Walker, J. D., Whitfield, C., Perry, B. D., Dube, S. R., & Giles, W. H. (2006) · European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-005-0624-4 · Cited by 4,292
Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries
Gilbert, R., Widom, C. S., Browne, K., Fergusson, D., Webb, E., & Janson, S. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61706-7 · Cited by 3,876
Adverse childhood experiences, allostasis, allostatic load and age-related disease
Danese, A., & McEwen, B. S. (2012) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.08.019 · Cited by 2,140
The Neurocircuitry of Fear, Stress, and Anxiety Disorders
Shin, L. M., & Liberzon, I. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.83 · Cited by 2,083
Metadata
- Authors
- Carrion, V. G., Weems, C. F., Eliez, S., Patwardhan, A., Brown, W., Ray, R. D., & Reiss, A. L.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-12
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 943-951
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2004069331
- Cited by
- 400
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 11.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH 50047, R01MH050047)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Keywords
- frontal lobe asymmetry, brain structure, total brain volume, brain volume, hippocampal volume, childhood trauma, neuroimaging findings
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Amygdala, Analysis of Variance, Brain, Child, Child Behavior, Child Development, Cognition, Female, Frontal Lobe, Hippocampus, Humans, Intelligence, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Wechsler Scales, Case-Control Studies, Survivors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
