Cited by 959Retinal Diseases and TreatmentsRetinal Development and DisordersRetinal Imaging and Analysis

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Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutic Strategies

Ambati, Jayakrishna, Ambati, Balamurali K, Yoo, Sonia H, Ianchulev, Sean, Adamis, Anthony P·2003·Survey of Ophthalmology

DOI 10.1016/s0039-6257(03)00030-4

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Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration is the principal cause of registered legal blindness among those aged over 65 in the United States, western Europe, Australia, and Japan. Despite intensive research, the precise etiology of molecular events that underlie age-related macular degeneration is poorly understood. However, investigations on parallel fronts are addressing this prevalent public health problem. Sophisticated biochemical and biophysical techniques have refined our understanding of the pathobiology of drusen, geographic atrophy, and retinal pigment epithelial detachments. Epidemiological identification of risk factors has facilitated an intelligent search for underlying mechanisms and fueled clinical investigation of behavior modification. Gene searches have not only brought us to the cusp of identifying the culpable gene loci in age-related macular degeneration, but also localized genes responsible for other macular dystrophies. Recent and ongoing investigations, often cued by tumor biology, have revealed an important role for various growth factors, particularly in the neovascular form of the condition. Transgenic and knockout studies have provided important mechanistic insights into the development of choroidal neovascularization, the principal cause of vision loss in age-related macular degeneration. This in turn has culminated in preclinical and clinical trials of directed molecular interventions.

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Authors: Ambati, J., Ambati, B. K., Yoo, S. H., Ianchulev, S., & Adamis, A. P.
Affiliations: Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (US)
ORCID: Ambati, Jayakrishna
Ambati, Balamurali K
Yoo, Sonia H
Venue: Survey of Ophthalmology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2003-05
Volume: 48
Issue: 3
Pages: 257-293
ISSN: 0039-6257 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0039-6257(03)00030-4
OpenAlex: W2016584341
Semantic Scholar: 966a19179595c3864062c4154d58b52e09b9a723
Cited by: 959
References: 550
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 48
FWCI: 9.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Survey of Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Development and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
Keywords: age-related macular degeneration, drusen, geographic atrophy, retinal pigment epithelium, choroidal neovascularization, genetic risk factors, macular dystrophy, growth factors, gene therapy, treatment options, legal blindness, risk factors
MeSH terms: Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Macular Degeneration, Mice, Transgenic, Risk Factors, Mice, Knockout, Mice

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