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Cited by 568Thyroid Disorders and TreatmentsThyroid and Parathyroid SurgeryThyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 160 of the 163 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Hypothyroidism

Roberts, Caroline GP, Ladenson, Paul W·2004·The Lancet
DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(04)15696-1
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Abstract

Hypothyroidism is common, potentially serious, often clinically overlooked, readily diagnosed by laboratory testing, and eminently treatable. The condition is particularly prevalent in older women, in whom autoimmune thyroiditis is common. Other important causes include congenital thyroid disorders, previous thyroid surgery and irradiation, drugs such as lithium carbonate and amiodarone, and pituitary and hypothalamic disorders. Worldwide, dietary iodine deficiency remains an important cause. Hypothyroidism can present with nonspecific constitutional and neuropsychiatric complaints, or with hypercholesterolaemia, hyponatraemia, hyperprolactinaemia, or hyperhomocysteinaemia. Severe untreated hypothyroidism can lead to heart failure, psychosis, and coma. Although these manifestations are neither specific nor sensitive, the diagnosis is confirmed or excluded by measurements of serum thyrotropin and free thyroxine. Thyroxine replacement therapy is highly effective and safe, but suboptimal dosing is common in clinical practice. Patient noncompliance, drug interactions, and pregnancy can lead to inadequate treatment. Iatrogenic thyrotoxicosis can cause symptoms, and, even when mild, provoke atrial fibrillation and osteoporosis. We summarise present understanding of the history, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical diagnosis and management of hypothyroidism.

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Crossref · 10.1016/s0140-6736(04)15696-1

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Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Walfish, 1997, Thyroiditis, Curr Ther Endocrinol Metab, 6, 117
  2. Zondek, 1918, Das Myxödemherz, Münch Med Wochenschr, 65, 1180
  3. Meyer, 2000, Evaluation of common problems in primary care: effect of physician, practice and financial considerations, J Man Care, 6, 457
  4. Sherman, 1991, Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in hypothyroidism, Am J Med, 90, 367

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Metadata

Authors
Roberts, C. G., & Ladenson, P. W.
Affiliations
Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author
Ladenson, Paul W
ORCID
Venue
The Lancet
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2004-03
Volume
363
Issue
9411
Pages
793-803
ISSN
  • 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
  • 0140-6736
DOI
10.1016/s0140-6736(04)15696-1
OpenAlex
W4211152088
Cited by
567
References
163
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 30
FWCI
3.92
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • The Lancet (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Keywords
hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis, thyroid hormone replacement, thyrotoxicosis, lithium, amiodarone, iodine deficiency, hypercholesterolemia, hyperprolactinemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyponatremia, heart failure, pregnancy, older women, drug interactions
MeSH terms
Humans, Hypothyroidism, Thyroxine, Case-Control Studies, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

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