UK Biobank, big data, and the consequences of non-representativeness
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Selection bias can result in AI models trained on a sample that differs considerably from the general population, thus hurting these models at inference time.
“Importantly, selection bias can result in AI models trained on a sample that differs considerably from the general population 161 , thus hurting these models at inference time 162”
From Multimodal biomedical AI (2022) · cites this paper as [162]
The main text says the volunteer-based UK Biobank sample is not representative of the UK population and explains how sample selection can limit the applicability of results to a target population. It does not discuss AI models or model training. The separate claim about performance at inference time is attached to citation 162, not this source. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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- Authors
- Keyes, K. M., & Westreich, D.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Mayor (CL)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Keyes, Katherine M
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-03
- Volume
- 393
- Issue
- 10178
- Pages
- 1297
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- PMC
- PMC7825643
- OpenAlex
- W2928514898
- Cited by
- 187
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 7
- FWCI
- 15.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (acceptedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (K01AA021511)
- National Instititues of Health (OD/NICHD DP2-HD-08–4070)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics in Clinical Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- UK Biobank, sample representativeness, big data, causal effect estimation, generalizability of study results
- MeSH terms
- Big Data, Environmental Exposure, United Kingdom, Health Resources, Humans, Volunteers, Biological Specimen Banks, Health Information Systems
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