Challenges in creating herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection by mass vaccination
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The latest estimates on COVID-19 pointed out a range of 60-75% immune individuals necessary to halt forward transmission and community spread.
“The latest estimates on COVID-19, pointed out a range of 60–75% immune individuals that would be necessary to halt the forward transmission of the virus and community spread of the virus [87,88,89].”
From COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Worldwide: A Concise Systematic Review of Vaccine Acceptance Rates (2021) · cites this paper as [88]
A vaccination rate sufficient to prevent a large-scale epidemic (herd immunity) is estimated at 70%-95%, depending on the disease.
“A vaccination rate such as this, generally referred to as herd immunity, is estimated at 70%–95% (depending on the disease). 32 33”
From Dark side of the principles of non-discrimination and proportionality: the case of mandatory vaccination (2025) · cites this paper as [33]
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COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Worldwide: A Concise Systematic Review of Vaccine Acceptance Rates
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“32 33 Hence, we argue that the relationship between the vaccination rate and the degree to which the general legitimate purposes are achieved is non-linear.”
- Authors
- Anderson, R. M., Vegvari, C., Truscott, J., & Collyer, B. S.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Anderson, Roy M
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-11
- Volume
- 396
- Issue
- 10263
- Pages
- 1614-1616
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- PMC
- PMC7836302
- OpenAlex
- W3097745040
- Cited by
- 529
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 146 · 2021: 255 · 2020: 10
- FWCI
- 15.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council (MR/R015600/1, MC_PC_19012)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Keywords
- herd immunity, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 vaccines, mass vaccination, vaccine efficacy, duration of protection, vaccine licensure, second wave of COVID-19
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, Humans, Pneumonia, Viral, Viral Vaccines, Coronavirus Infections, Immunity, Herd, Mass Vaccination, Pandemics
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