Robust neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 infection persist for months
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Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 antibodies persist: As the number of daily COVID-19 cases continues to mount worldwide, the nature of the humoral immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains uncertain. Wajnberg et al. used a cohort of more than 30,000 infected individuals with mild to moderate COVID-19 symptoms to determine the robustness and longevity of the anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibody response. They found that neutralizing antibody titers against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein persisted for at least 5 months after infection. Although continued monitoring of this cohort will be needed to confirm the longevity and potency of this response, these preliminary results suggest that the chance of reinfection may be lower than is currently feared. Science , this issue p. 1227
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Because some earlier cohorts were small and lacked systematic molecular testing, the true population effect of antibodies on reinfection risk remained unknown.
“However, given the relatively small size of some of these cohorts and the lack of systematic SARS-CoV-2 molecular testing, the true population effect remains unknown.”
Most people infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop antibodies roughly one week after symptoms begin, and these antibodies persist for at least three months.
“More than 90% of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop antibodies about 1 week after symptom onset, persisting for at least 3 months.”
Some studies have found that people with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have a lower risk of clinical reinfection than antibody-negative people.
“A few studies to date have reported that individuals with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are at lower risk of clinical reinfection than are antibody-negative individuals.”
Neutralising antibody titres against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein remained detectable for at least five months after primary infection.
“Although the exact length of immunity conferred by natural infection is still unknown, titres of neutralising antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were detectable for at least 5 months after primary infection.”
SARS-CoV-2 infection can induce production of neutralizing antibodies, and these antibodies are believed to contribute to protection from reinfection.
“SARS-CoV-2 infection can induce the production of neutralizing antibodies, and these antibodies are believed to contribute to protection from reinfection (Rodda et al., 2020; Wajnberg et al., 2020).”
From SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.351 and P.1 escape from neutralizing antibodies (2021) · cites this paper as Wajnberg et al., 2020
Circulating SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers are relatively low in a substantial fraction of recovered COVID-19 cases.
“However, it should also be noted that circulating SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers are relatively low in a substantial fraction of recovered COVID-19 cases (Dan et al., 2021; Robbiani et al., 2020; Wajnberg et al., 2020), indicating that either the neutralizing antibody potency or the serum concentration is suboptimal in this subset.”
From Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as Wajnberg et al., 2020
Circulating SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers are well maintained for 3-4 months.
“circulating SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers are well maintained for 3–4 months (Gudbjartsson et al., 2020; Wajnberg et al., 2020).”
From Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as Wajnberg et al., 2020
Data so far indicate that T cell memory, B cell memory, and antibodies are all likely to persist for years in most individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2.
“data so far indicate that T cell memory, B cell memory, and antibodies are all likely to persist for years in most individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2 (Dan et al., 2021; Gaebler et al., 2020; Wajnberg et al., 2020; Zuo et al., 2020a).”
From Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as Wajnberg et al., 2020
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- Authors
- Wajnberg, A., Amanat, F., Firpo, A., Altman, D. R., Bailey, M. J., Mansour, M., McMahon, M., Meade, P., Mendu, D. R., Muellers, K., Stadlbauer, D., Stone, K., Strohmeier, S., Simon, V., Aberg, J., Reich, D. L., Krammer, F., & Cordon-Cardo, C.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
- Corresponding author
- Wajnberg, Ania
- Krammer, Florian
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2020-12-04
- Volume
- 370
- Issue
- 6521
- Pages
- 1227-1230
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC7810037
- OpenAlex
- W3094968263
- Cited by
- 1,195
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 117 · 2022: 280 · 2021: 594 · 2020: 92
- FWCI
- 35.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ImmPort
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (HHSN272201400008C, 75N93019C00051)
- JPB Foundation
- Open Philanthropy Project (#2020-215611)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, neutralizing antibodies, IgG, spike protein, antibody persistence, antibody titers, seroconversion, mild to moderate COVID-19
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Antibodies, Viral, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Neutralization Tests, Antibodies, Neutralizing
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