Resurgence of COVID-19 in Manaus, Brazil, despite high seroprevalence
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Reinfection can be common in settings where escape variants such as beta (B.1.351), gamma (P.1), and delta (B.1.617.2) are present.
“Because reinfection can be common in settings where escape variants such as beta (B.1.351), gamma (P.1), and delta (B.1.617.2) are present,28, 29, 30”
From Estimating global, regional, and national daily and cumulative infections with SARS-CoV-2 through Nov 14, 2021: a statistical analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [28]
Manaus had a strong SARS-CoV-2 wave in April and May 2020, low transmission from June to December 2020, and a resurgence of infection in early 2021.
“Manaus experienced a strong wave of SARS-CoV-2 infection in April and May of 2020, which might have been expected to provide some level of protection or herd immunity in the exposed population. However, despite a low level of transmission from June to December 2020, a resurgence of infection was observed in early 2021 (refs11,57).”
From Prospects for durable immune control of SARS-CoV-2 and prevention of reinfection (2021) · cites this paper as [57]
A seroepidemiological study in Manaus suggested the potential for reinfection beyond 6-8 months after infection.
“A recent seroepidemiological study in the Brazilian city of Manaus has also suggested the potential for reinfection beyond 6–8 months after infection11,12,57.”
From Prospects for durable immune control of SARS-CoV-2 and prevention of reinfection (2021) · cites this paper as [57]
Emerging variants of concern have spike mutations, including B.1.1.7 with eight spike mutations, B.1.351, and P.1 with multiple spike mutations.
“Several emerging viral variants of concern have been identified that have mutations in the spike protein, including the B.1.1.7 variant (originating from the UK and which has eight spike mutations92), the B.1.351 variant (originating from South Africa) and the P.1 variant (originating from Brazil and which also contains multiple mutations in the spike protein and is spreading widely)57,93.”
From Prospects for durable immune control of SARS-CoV-2 and prevention of reinfection (2021) · cites this paper as [57]
Recently, viral variants of concern have emerged in the UK (B.1.1.7), South Africa (B.1.351), and Brazil (P.1) that harbor specific mutations in their S proteins that may be associated with increased transmissibility.
“Recently, viral variants of concern have emerged in the UK (B.1.1.7), South Africa (B.1.351), and Brazil (P.1) that harbor specific mutations in their S proteins that may be associated with increased transmissibility (50–55).”
From mRNA vaccination boosts cross-variant neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection (2021) · cites this paper as [54]
As the Gamma variant was associated with a surge of infections in a region of Brazil estimated to have achieved a high infection rate, it is suspected of being able to infect and cause illness in persons previously infected with other variants.
“As the Gamma variant was associated with a surge of infections in a region of Brazil estimated to have achieved a high infection rate, it is suspected of being able to infect and cause illness in persons previously infected with other variants 19,29,30 .”
From The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants (2021) · cites this paper as [30]
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“In this context, the resurgence of COVID-19 in Manaus, Brazil is associated with the emergence of the P.1 SARSCoV-2 VOC despite an estimated seroprevalence of 75% in this region (Buss et al., 2021; Sabino et al., 2021).”
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- Authors
- Sabino, E. C., Buss, L. F., Carvalho, M. P. S., Prete, C. A., Crispim, M. A. E., Fraiji, N. A., Pereira, R. H. M., Parag, K. V., da Silva Peixoto, P., Kraemer, M. U. G., Oikawa, M. K., Salomon, T., Cucunuba, Z. M., Castro, M. C., de Souza Santos, A. A., Nascimento, V. H., Pereira, H. S., Ferguson, N. M., Pybus, O. G., Kucharski, A., Busch, M. P., Dye, C., & Faria, N. R.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (BR)
- Institute of Applied Economic Research (BR)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (BR)
- Harvard University (US)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-02
- Volume
- 397
- Issue
- 10273
- Pages
- 452-455
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- PMC
- PMC7906746
- OpenAlex
- W3121286195
- Cited by
- 758
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 223 · 2021: 397 · 2020: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 57.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 resurgence, SARS-CoV-2, seroprevalence, Manaus, Amazon basin, population susceptibility, blood donors, attack rate, epidemic waves
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Brazil, Humans, Time Factors, Seroepidemiologic Studies
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