Cited by 175Telomeres, Telomerase, and SenescenceT-cell and B-cell ImmunologyGenetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms

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Loss of CD28 expression on T lymphocytes: A marker of replicative senescence

Effros, Rita B.·1997·Developmental & Comparative Immunology

DOI 10.1016/s0145-305x(97)00027-x

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Abstract

The CD28 molecule, a disulfide-linked homodimer expressed on peripheral T cells and thymocytes, mediates an essential costimulatory signal following engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR). Increased proportions of CD28- T cells have been observed during aging and in situations of chronic immune stimulation, but the origin and functional characteristics of these cells have been unclear. T cells which reach replicative senescence in culture after multiple rounds of cell division have shortened telomeres, respond poorly to stress stimuli, and no longer express CD28, suggesting that CD28- T cells observed in vivo may be the progeny of memory cells which have been repeatedly stimulated. This review describes the features of T cell replicative senescence, presents several possible mechanisms for the generation of senescent T cells in vivo, and proposes that replicative senescence may explain immune exhaustion.

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Authors: Effros, R. B.
Affiliations: University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Corresponding author: Effros, Rita B.
ORCID: Effros, Rita B.
Venue: Developmental & Comparative Immunology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1997-11
Volume: 21
Issue: 6
Pages: 471-478
ISSN: 0145-305X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0145-305x(97)00027-x
OpenAlex: W2032253593
Cited by: 175
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 2.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Developmental & Comparative Immunology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (AG-10415, P60AG010415)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
Keywords: CD28, immunosenescence, immune exhaustion, T cell costimulation, telomere shortening, memory T cells, chronic immune stimulation, T cell receptor signaling
MeSH terms: Cell Division, Humans, T-Lymphocytes, Biomarkers, Telomere, Cellular Senescence, CD28 Antigens

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Loss of CD28 expression on T lymphocytes: A marker of replicative senescence

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