Ambiguity of ‘snack’ in British usage
Open accessAbstract
Research into least fattening eating patterns indicates that in England 'a snack' is a term that refers to different eating habits from 'snacking' and that neither pattern of behaviour necessarily involves 'snack food'. These hypotheses were tested by randomised mailings to a convenience sample of university campus addressees with the subject heading of the message and the topic of questions in it being one of the terms, a snack, snacking or snack food. Responses to all three terms much more often referred to eating between mealtimes than eating at mealtimes but this contrast was less for a snack, especially at lunchtime. Previous and subsequent eating occasions therefore tended to be at mealtimes, but again less so for a snack. A snack also differed from snacking or eating snack food in eliciting more reports by women of eating in the home than out, and more eating alone than in company. However, reports by men contributed most to differences between snack terms in the foods reported: more men ate bread in a snack than when snacking but more ate sweet items when snacking than in a snack. More men reported savoury items (e.g. potato crisps) as snack food than in response to the other two terms; however, when savouries were combined with bread-containing items, the women were unlike the men in that more of them referred to such items when snacking. Thus, for these people in England, having a snack is not the same thing as snacking or eating snack food. Because of these ambiguities in use of the root word snack, it may be best to avoid all its derivatives in questions to research participants, discussion among investigators and educational messages.
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Chamontin et al. showed that the word 'snack' in its verb form elicited different conceptual responses from participants than when snack was used as a noun.
“Chamontin et al. ( 49 ) showed that the word ‘snack’, when used in its verb form (for example, ‘When did you last snack?’), elicited different conceptual responses from participants than when snack was used as a noun (for example, ‘When did you last have a snack?’).”
From Understanding meal patterns: definitions, methodology and impact on nutrient intake and diet quality (2015) · cites this paper as [49]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Chamontin, A., Pretzer, G., & Booth, D. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Booth, David A
- ORCID
- Booth, David A
- Venue
- Appetite
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-08
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 21-29
- ISSN
- 0195-6663 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2135343749
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- Locations
- Appetite (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- snack, snacking, snacks, dietary habits, eating behaviour, gender differences, eating alone, university students
- MeSH terms
- Adult, England, Feeding Behavior, Female, Food, Food Preferences, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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