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Comparative effects of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in depression
Abstract
Unlabelled This article reviews the efficacy of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) in depression compared to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or behavioral therapy (BT). In this review, only studies in which at least 13 therapy sessions were performed have been included, and a sufficient number of patients per group were treated (N > or = 20). With regard to outcome criteria, the results were reviewed for improvements in depressive symptoms, general psychiatric symptoms, and social functioning. Six studies met the inclusion criteria.Results In 58 of the 60 comparisons (97%) performed in the six studies and their follow-ups, no significant difference could be detected between STPP and CBT/BT concerning the effects in depressive symptoms, general psychiatric symptomatology, and social functioning. Furthermore, STPP and CBT/BT did not differ significantly with regard to the patients that were judged as remitted or improved. According to a meta-analytic procedure described by R. Rosenthal (1991) the studies do not differ significantly with regard to the patients that were judged as remitted or improved after treatment with STPP or CBT/BT. The mean difference between STPP and CBT/BT concerning the number of patients that were judged as remitted or improved corresponds to a small effect size (post-assessment: phi = 0.08, follow-up assessment: phi = 0.12). Thus, STPP and CBT/BT seem to be equally effective methods in the treatment of depression. However, because of the small number of studies which met the inclusion criteria, this result can only be preliminary. Furthermore, it applies only to the specific forms of STPP that were examined in the selected studies and cannot be generalized to other forms of STPP. Further studies are needed to examine the effects of specific forms of STPP in both controlled and naturalistic settings. Furthermore, there are findings indicating that 16-20 sessions of both STPP and CBT/BT are insufficient for most patients to achieve lasting remission. Future studies should address the effects of longer treatments of depression.
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“For STPP of depression remission rates between 45% and 70% at post-therapy assessment were published [26], while remission rates in primary-care settings (comparable to TAU) ranged between 20% and about 50% (6 months) [27-29].”
From Efficacy of psychodynamic short-term psychotherapy for depressed breast cancer patients: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2012) · cites this paper as [26]
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Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J. J., Sawyer, A. T., & Fang, A. (2012) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9476-1 · Cited by 3,445
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Self-citationBarth, J., Munder, T., Gerger, H., Nüesch, E., Trelle, S., Znoj, H., Jüni, P., & Cuijpers, P. (2013) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001454 · Cited by 569
“In contrast, a meta-analytic comparison of cognitive-behavioural therapy and short-term psychodynamic therapy for depression found no significant differences in efficacy between these interventions [14].”
BackgroundResultLeichsenring, F., & Leibing, E. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.7.1223 · Cited by 546
Self-citationThe Efficacy of Short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy in SpecificPsychiatric Disorders
Leichsenring, F., Rabung, S., & Leibing, E. (2004) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.12.1208 · Cited by 556
“The data presented herein corroborate the results reported by Crits-Christoph,(5) Anderson and Lambert,(7) and Leichsenring.(16) However, this meta-analysis adds to the literature for several reasons.”
ResultSelf-citationKennedy, S. H., Lam, R. W. M., Parikh, S. V., Patten, S. B., & Ravindran, A. V. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.06.043 · Cited by 529
An overview of and recommendations for more accessible digital mental health services
Lattie, E. G., Stiles-Shields, C., & Graham, A. K. (2022) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-021-00003-1 · Cited by 446
The efficacy of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression: A meta-analysis update
Driessen, E., Hegelmaier, L. M., Abbass, A. A., Barber, J. P., Dekker, J. J. M., Van, H. L., Jansma, E. P., & Cuijpers, P. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.07.004 · Cited by 409
Cuijpers, P., Muñoz, R. F., Clarke, G. N., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.04.005 · Cited by 336
Psychotherapy for chronic major depression and dysthymia: A meta-analysis
Cuijpers, P., van Straten, A., Schuurmans, J., van Oppen, P., Hollon, S. D., & Andersson, G. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.09.003 · Cited by 320
Stiles, W. B., Barkham, M., Mellor-Clark, J., & Connell, J. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707001511 · Cited by 290
“2006) and PDT (Leichsenring, 2001; Leichsenring & Leibing, 2003 ; Leichsenring et al. 2004).”
The efficacy of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression: A meta-analysis
Driessen, E., Cuijpers, P. J., de Maat, S. C. M., Abbass, A. A., de Jonghe, F., & Dekker, J. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.08.010 · Cited by 298
“The present study adds to the available body of evidence by including 13 studies regarding the efficacy of STPP for depression, which were published after the meta-analyses of Leichsenring (2001) and Churchill et al. (2001).”
MethodResultInfluentialA systematic review of comparative efficacy of treatments and controls for depression
Khan, A., Faucett, J., Lichtenberg, P., Kirsch, I., & Brown, W. A. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041778 · Cited by 288
“We began by reviewing several meta-analyses designed to evaluate efficacy outcomes between psychotherapy and other treatments and controls for depression including other psychotherapies, alternative therapies, combination therapies, antidepressants, and placebos or active intervention controls [8,16,,26,27,28,29].”
MethodKnekt, P., Lindfors, O., Härkänen, T., Välikoski, M., Virtala, E., Laaksonen, M. A., Marttunen, M., Kaipainen, M., Renlund, C., & the Helsinki Psychotherapy Study Group (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329170700164x · Cited by 282
“Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy has, with some exceptions (Svartberg & Stiles, 1991), been found to be equally effective as other short-term individual treatments, such as cognitive (Crits-Christoph, 1992 ; Anderson & Lambert, 1995 ; Leichsenring, 2001 ; Wampold et al. 2002; Leichsenring et al. 2004), interpers…”
BackgroundDriessen, E., Van, H. L., Don, F. J., Peen, J., Kool, S., Westra, D., Hendriksen, M., Schoevers, R. A., Cuijpers, P., Twisk, J. W. R., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12070899 · Cited by 241
“Our findings are in line with previous meta-analyses (9, 11, 28) that reported no significant differences between individual CBT and psychodynamic therapy at posttreatment assessments.”
ResultTherapist Affect Focus and Patient Outcomes in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: A Meta-Analysis
Diener, M. J., Hilsenroth, M. J., & Weinberger, J. L. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.6.936 · Cited by 238
Are psychodynamic and psychoanalytic therapies effective? A review of empirical data
Leichsenring, F. (2005) · The International Journal of Psychoanalysis · doi:10.1516/rfee-lkpn-b7tf-kpdu · Cited by 217
“In these studies, STPP and CBT proved to be equally effective with regard to depressive symptoms, general psychiatric symptoms and social functioning (Leichsenring, 2001).”
BackgroundSelf-citationde Maat, S. M., Dekker, J., Schoevers, R. A., & de Jonghe, F. (2007) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2006.10.008 · Cited by 192
Crits-Christoph, P., Gibbons, M. B. C., Crits-Christoph, K., Narducci, J., Schamberger, M., & Gallop, R. (2006) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503300500268557 · Cited by 188
“…Himmelhoch, & Thase, 1984), and a metaanalysis across six depression studies found no significant differences between short-term dynamic therapy and cognitive /behavior therapy on measures of depressive symptoms, general psychiatric symptomatology, and social functioning (Leichsenring, 2001).”
BackgroundParikh, S. V., Segal, Z. V., Grigoriadis, S., Ravindran, A. V., Kennedy, S. H., Lam, R. W., & Patten, S. B. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.06.042 · Cited by 183
“…cognitive-behavioural or behavioural interventions (CBT/BT) have yielded mixed results, with two reporting that psychodynamic therapy is as effective as CBT/BT (Leichsenring, 2001; Wilson et al., 2008 in older adults), and one reporting that CBT is superior (Pinquart et al., 2007, in older adults).”
BackgroundRelapse rates after psychotherapy for depression – stable long-term effects? A meta-analysis
Steinert, C., Hofmann, M., Kruse, J., & Leichsenring, F. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.06.043 · Cited by 172
“CBT, psychodynamic psychotherapy (PDT), interpersonal therapy, and supportive therapy, are equally effective in the treatment of depression (Abbass and Driessen, 2010; Barth et al., 2013; Cuijpers et al., 2013a; Cuijpers et al., 2008; Driessen et al., 2010; Leichsenring, 2001).”
BackgroundSelf-citationA quality-based review of randomized controlled trials of psychodynamic psychotherapy.
Gerber, A., Kocsis, J., Milrod, B., Roose, S., Barber, J., Thase, M., Perkins, P. S., & Leon, A. (2011) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.08060843 · Cited by 132
Psychodynamic psychotherapies: evidence-based practice and clinical wisdom.
Fonagy, P., Roth, A. D., & Higgitt, A. (2005) · Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic · doi:10.1521/bumc.69.1.1.62267 · Cited by 130
“About 20 psychodynamic psychotherapy trials have been published dealing with the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders or symptoms (Crits–Christoph, 1992; Leichsenring, 2001).”
BackgroundBudd, R., & Hughes, I. (2009) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.648 · Cited by 149
“The fi rst, which is often adopted by researchers aligned to a traditional psychotherapeutic perspective (e.g., Leichsenring, 2001; Luborsky et al., 2002; Shapiro & Shapiro, 1982; Wampold, 2001), is that most psychological therapies are of approximately equal effi cacy.”
BackgroundCuijpers, P. J., van Straten, A., Smit, F., & Andersson, G. (2008) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610208008089 · Cited by 141
“, 2007b), and psychodynamic therapy (Leichsenring, 2001) are effective in adults with depression.”
BackgroundHesse, M. (2009) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-9-6 · Cited by 130
“For instance, there is robust evidence that cognitive-behavioural therapies can be effective for anxiety disorders [8], and short-term psychodynamic therapy as well as cognitive-behavioural therapy has been shown to be effective for mood disorders such as depression and dysthymia [9].”
BackgroundBarth, J., Münder, T., Gerger, H., Nüesch, E., Trelle, S., Znoj, H., Jüni, P., & Cuijpers, P. J. (2016) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.140201 · Cited by 140
“In contrast, a meta-analytic comparison of cognitive-behavioural therapy and short-term psychodynamic therapy for depression found no significant differences in efficacy between these interventions [14].”
de Maat, S. C. M., Dekker, J., Schoevers, R. A., & de Jonghe, F. E. R. E. R. (2006) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503300600756402 · Cited by 123
“In Elkin et al. (1989), there were two psychotherapy conditions (cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT] and interpersonal therapy [IPT]).”
ResultMaina, G., Forner, F., & Bogetto, F. (2004) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000082026 · Cited by 105
Thoma, N. C., McKay, D., Gerber, A. J., Milrod, B. L., Edwards, A. R., & Kocsis, J. H. (2011) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11030433 · Cited by 108
Minding the Gap Between Positivism and Hermeneutics in Psychoanalytic Research
Blatt, S. J., Corveleyn, J. M. T., & Luyten, P. (2006) · Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association · doi:10.1177/00030651060540021301 · Cited by 110
“In addition, a growing number of studies document both the eff icacy and the effectiveness of various forms of psychodynamic psychotherapy (e.g., Bateman and Fonagy 2001; Blatt and Shahar 2004; Fonagy et al. 2002; Leichsenring 2001; Leichsenring, Rabung, and Leibing 2004).”
BackgroundBusch, F. N. (2009) · Advances in Psychiatric Treatment · doi:10.1192/apt.bp.107.004937 · Cited by 117
Salminen, J. K., Karlsson, H., Hietala, J. A., Kajander, J., Aalto, S., Markkula, J., Rasi-Hakala, H., & Toikka, T. (2008) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000151388 · Cited by 96
Gibbons, M. B. C., Gallop, R., Thompson, D., Luther, D., Crits-Christoph, K., Jacobs, J., Yin, S., & Crits-Christoph, P. F. (2016) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.1720 · Cited by 94
Herrmann-Lingen, C., Beutel, M. E., Bosbach, A., Deter, H.-C., Fritzsche, K., Hellmich, M., Jordan, J., Jünger, J., Ladwig, K.-H., Michal, M., et al. (2016) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000332 · Cited by 98
“behavioral therapy both shown to be effective in treating depression (31) and tailored to the specific problems of depressed CAD patients, including coexisting Type D personality and the need to cope with a potentially lifethreatening disease.”
BackgroundSchwartz, B., Cohen, Z. D., Rubel, J. A., Zimmermann, D., Wittmann, W. W., & Lutz, W. (2020) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2020.1769219 · Cited by 101
A new scale for assessing the quality of randomized clinical trials of psychotherapy
Kocsis, J. H., Gerber, A. J., Milrod, B. L., Roose, S. P., Barber, J. P., Thase, M. E., Perkins, P., & Leon, A. C. (2009) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.07.001 · Cited by 87
“Meta-analyses and review articles were also used to gather all available psychodynamic RCTs [9-20].”
MethodLeichsenring, F., & Schauenburg, H. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.08.007 · Cited by 83
“…no significant differences in efficacy in depressive disorders including cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), psychodynamic therapy (PDT), interpersonal therapy and supportive therapy (Abbass and Driessen, 2010; Barth et al., 2013; Cuijpers et al., 2013a; Driessen et al., 2010; Leichsenring, 2001).”
BackgroundSelf-citationClarke, S., Kingston, J., James, K., Bolderston, H., & Remington, B. (2014) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.04.005 · Cited by 79
“…Pincus, & Lytle, 2002), Bulimia Nervosa (Agras, Walsh, Fairburn, Wilson, & Kraemer, 2000; Wilson, Fairburn, & Agras, 1997) Anorexia Nervosa (Dare, Eisler, Russell, Treasure, & Dodge, 2001), and Depression (DeRubeis et al., 2005; Dimidjian et al., 2006; Elkin et al., 1989; Leichsenring, 2001).”
Cognitive behavior therapy for depression? Choose horses for courses
Parker, G., Roy, K., & Eyers, K. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.5.825 · Cited by 71
“The latter studies are also inconsistent with a meta-analysis by Leichsenring (10) comparing the short-term efficacy of at least 13 sessions of cognitive behavior therapy and behavior therapy with short-term psychotherapy and finding no difference in effects on depressive symptoms, general psychiatric symptoms, social…”
ResultThe Güttingen study of psychoanalytic therapy: First results
Leichsenring, F., Biskup, J., Kreische, R., & Staats, H. (2005) · The International Journal of Psychoanalysis · doi:10.1516/xx6f-au0w-kwm3-g6lu · Cited by 75
“…for which studies demonstrating effectiveness even for specifi c disorders are available (Crits-Christoph, 1992; Anderson and Lambert, 1995; Leichsenring, 2001, 2002; Leichsenring and Leibing, 2003), there is a considerable paucity of studies into the effectiveness of psychoanalytic…”
BackgroundSelf-citationTackling maladaptive memories through reconsolidation: From neural to clinical science
Elsey, J. W. B., & Kindt, M. (2017) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2017.03.007 · Cited by 83
“While some treatments have been plainly ineffective or even detrimental, controlled trials point to the efficacy of a host of different treatment approaches, but also significant room for improvement (Butler, Chapman, Forman, & Beck, 2006; Cuijpers et al., 2013; Leichsenring, 2001; Shedler, 2010).”
BackgroundZimmermann, J., Löffler‐Stastka, H., Huber, D., Klug, G., Alhabbo, S., Bock, A., & Benecke, C. (2014) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.1917 · Cited by 74
Evidence for psychodynamic psychotherapy in specific mental disorders: a systematic review
Leichsenring, F., & Klein, S. (2014) · Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/02668734.2013.865428 · Cited by 75
“An earlier meta-analysis (Leichsenring, 2001) found PDT and CBT to be equally effective with regard to depressive symptoms, general psychiatric symptoms, and social functioning.”
Self-citationBögels, S. M., Wijts, P., Oort, F. J., & Sallaerts, S. J. M. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22246 · Cited by 67
Leuzinger‐Bohleber, M., Kaufhold, J., Kallenbach, L., Negele, A., Ernst, M., Keller, W., Fiedler, M., Hautzinger, M., Bahrke, U., & Beutel, M. E. (2019) · The International Journal of Psychoanalysis · doi:10.1080/00207578.2018.1533377 · Cited by 65
“By then, meta-analyses had indicated efficacy for cognitive-behavioural and psychodynamic short-term therapies, but evidence on the effectiveness of longer-term treatments was limited (Fonagy 2001; Leichsenring 2001).”
BackgroundJakobsen, J. C., Hansen, J. L., Simonsen, S., Simonsen, E., & Gluud, C. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291711002236 · Cited by 63
Dekker, J., Koelen, J. A., Van, H. L., Schoevers, R. A., Peen, J., Hendriksen, M., Kool, S., van Aalst, G., & de Jonghe, F. E. R. E. R. (2007) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.10.015 · Cited by 64
“Preliminary comparison indicates that psychodynamic and cognitive therapies are equally efficacious in the short (aminimum of 13 sessions) treatment of depression on several outcome measures (Leichsenring, 2001).”
BackgroundPro-inflammatory cytokines and psychotherapy in depression: Results from a randomized clinical trial
Del Grande da Silva, G., Wiener, C. D., Barbosa, L. P., Gonçalves Araujo, J. M., Molina, M. L., San Martin, P., Oses, J. P., Jansen, K., Dias de Mattos Souza, L., & Azevedo da Silva, R. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.01.008 · Cited by 60
The Efficacy of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
Shedler, J. (2011) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-792-1_2 · Cited by 65
Gibbons, M. B. C., Thompson, S. M., Scott, K., Schauble, L. A., Mooney, T. K., Thompson, D., Green, P. A., MacArthur, M. J., & Crits-Christoph, P. F. (2012) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/a0027694 · Cited by 59
“…psychotherapies, based on exploring relationship issues that contribute to depressive symptomatology, as efficacious treatments for MDD. Reviews by Leichsenring (2001) and Fonagy, Roth, and Higgitt (2005) conclude that dynamically oriented psychotherapies are effective interventions for the…”
BackgroundWatkins, C. E., Jr. (2011) · The Psychoanalytic Review · doi:10.1521/prev.2011.98.4.557 · Cited by 55
Young adults in psychoanalytic psychotherapy: Patient characteristics and therapy outcome
Philips, B., Wennberg, P., Werbart, A., & Schubert, J. (2006) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1348/147608305x52649 · Cited by 55
“Earlier meta-analyses of comparisons between psychodynamic psychotherapy (broadly defined) and cognitive behavioural therapy for depression and personality disorders show no difference in efficacy between these treatments (Leichsenring, 2001; Leichsenring & Leibing, 2003).”
BackgroundResultTowards a unified theory of emotional contagion in rodents—A meta-analysis
Hernandez-Lallement, J., Gómez-Sotres, P., & Carrillo, M. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.010 · Cited by 53
“…a subset of these modalities (e.g., blinded by an opaque partition) or only one of these sensory modalities (e.g., smell of a fear conditioned animal) In this meta-analysis, effect sizes were calculated as a standardized mean difference (ES; (Lipsey and Wilson, 2001; Leichsenring, 2001)).”
Bhar, S., & Beck, A. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2009.01176.x · Cited by 51
“…disorders (Abbass, Hancock, Henderson, & Kisely, 2006; Butler, Chapman, Forman, & Beck, 2006) and the subject of numerous comparative research studies and meta-analyses (Anderson & Lambert, 1995; Crits-Christoph, 1992; Leichsenring, 2001; Leichsenring et al., 2004; Svartberg & Stiles, 1991).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThyme, K. E., Sundin, E., Ståhlberg, G., Lindstrom, B., Eklöf, H., & Wiberg, B. (2007) · Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/02668730701535610 · Cited by 53
“Similar results were obtained in a meta-analysis on depression (Leichsenring 2001), where no significant difference between brief dynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy/behavioural-therapy was reported.”
ResultMood Homeostasis, Low Mood, and History of Depression in 2 Large Population Samples
Taquet, M., Quoidbach, J., Gross, J. J., Saunders, K., & Goodwin, G. M. (2020) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0588 · Cited by 50
Gender-specific symptoms of depression and anger attacks
Winkler, D., Pjrek, E., & Kasper, S. (2006) · The Journal of Men's Health & Gender · doi:10.1016/j.jmhg.2005.05.004 · Cited by 47
“For mild to moderate depression different psychotherapeutic approaches, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, short-term psychody-namic psychotherapy and interpersonal psychotherapy, have been found to be highly effective [51,52].”
The Empirical Status of Psychodynamic Therapies
Connolly Gibbons, M. B., Crits-Christoph, P., & Hearon, B. (2008) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.4.022007.141252 · Cited by 48
Evidence Map of Prevention and Treatment Interventions for Depression in Young People
Callahan, P. M., Liu, P., Purcell, R., Parker, A. G., & Hetrick, S. E. (2012) · Depression Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2012/820735 · Cited by 48
“Finally, while short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and the newer “third wave” CBT therapies like acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) have has been well studied in adults with depression [74, 75], these are yet to be tested in young people using high-quality controlled trials.”
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and Research Evidence
Glass, R. M. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.300.13.1587 · Cited by 47
Driessen, E., Smits, N., Dekker, J., Peen, J., Don, F. J., Kool, S., Westra, D., Hendriksen, M., Cuijpers, P. J., & Van, H. L. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291715001853 · Cited by 47
Wöller, W., Leichsenring, F., Leweke, F., & Kruse, J. (2012) · Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic · doi:10.1521/bumc.2012.76.1.69 · Cited by 39
“Although psychodynamic psychotherapy has been shown to be effective with a variety of disorders (Leichsenring, 2001, 2009; Leichsenring & Rabung, 2008; Leichsenring, Rabung, & Leibing, 2004; Shedler, 2010), existing meta-analyses (e.g., Bisson et al., 2007; Bradley, Greene, Russ, Dutra, & Westen,…”
Self-citationMaina, G., Rosso, G., & Bogetto, F. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.07.010 · Cited by 42
The effects of borderline pathology on short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression
Hilsenroth, M. J., DeFife, J. A., Blake, M. M., & Cromer, T. D. (2007) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503300600786748 · Cited by 43
“One treatment that has demonstrated both effectiveness and efficacy for treating depression across several studies has been short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP; Barber, Crits-Christoph, & Luborsky, 1996; Barkham, Shapiro, Hardy, & Rees, 1999; Gaston, Thompson, Gallagher, Cournoyer, & Gagnon, 1998; Guthrie et…”
Treatment of Depressive Disorders
Bschor, T., & Adli, M. (2008) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2008.0782 · Cited by 16
The Efficacy of Short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy in Specific Psychiatric Disorders
Leichsenring, F., Rabung, S., & Leibing, E. (2015) · Cited by 42
Self-citationTaylor, D., Carlyle, J. B. W., McPherson, S., Rost, F., Thomas, R., & Fonagy, P. (2012) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-12-60 · Cited by 42
“Evidence from RCTs indicates that short forms of psychodynamic therapy may be as effective in reducing depressive symptoms as medication or other short forms of psychological therapy (for example cognitive behaviour therapy [CBT]) [20,30-33].”
BackgroundTown, J. M., & Driessen, E. (2013) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00485713-20131105-05 · Cited by 41
The outcome of psychodynamic psychotherapy for psychological disorders
Fonagy, P., Roth, A. D., & Higgitt, A. (2005) · Clinical Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.cnr.2005.03.005 · Cited by 42
“There have been two recent relevant reviews of the literature [10,13].”
BackgroundInfluentialPsychocutaneous disease: Pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.
Kuhn, H., Mennella, C., Magid, M., Stamu‐O'Brien, C., & Kroumpouzos, G. (2017) · Journal of American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2016.11.021 · Cited by 27
The Efficacy of Psychotherapy: Focus on Psychodynamic Psychotherapy as an Example
Levy, K. N., Ehrenthal, J. C., Yeomans, F. E., & Caligor, E. (2014) · Psychodynamic Psychiatry · doi:10.1521/pdps.2014.42.3.377 · Cited by 40
“…efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy as compared with other active treatments, mostly CBT (Churchill, Hunot, Corney, Knapp, McGuire, Tylee et al., 2002; Crits-Christoph, 1992; Driessen et al., 2010; Gloaguen, Cottraux, Cucheret, & Blackburn, 1998; Leichsenring, 2001; Svartberg & Stiles, 1991).”
BackgroundMethodClarke, S., Kingston, J. L., Wilson, K. G., Bolderston, H., & Remington, B. (2012) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2012.03.001 · Cited by 39
Fochtmann, L. J., & Gelenberg, A. J. (2005) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/foc.3.1.34 · Cited by 38
“Additional metaanalyses have suggested that among psychotherapeutic approaches, other bona fide psychotherapies have efficacy comparable with CBT for treating depression (68, 69), although more research with CBT has been done.”
BackgroundCo-occurring psychiatric disorders and alcoholism
Rich, J. S., & Martin, P. (2014) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-62619-6.00033-1 · Cited by 39
Publication bias in meta-analyses of the efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions for depression.
Niemeyer, H., Musch, J., & Pietrowsky, R. (2012) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031152 · Cited by 35
Kivlighan, D., Goldberg, S. B., Abbas, M., Pace, B. T., Yulish, N. E., Thomas, J. G., Cullen, M. M., Flückiger, C., & Wampold, B. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.05.003 · Cited by 34
“…the present findings replicate several previous metaanalyses that found uniform efficacy between psychodynamic treatments and alternative treatments (Abbass et al., 2011; Anderson & Lambert, 1995; Crits-Christoph, 1992; Leichsenring, 2001; Leichsenring & Leibing, 2003; Leichsenring et al., 2004).”
ResultMonti, F., Tonetti, L., & Bitti, P. E. R. (2014) · British Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069885.2013.878018 · Cited by 35
“…most frequently used with adults (Leichsenring, Hiller, Weissberg, & Leibing, 2006); their effects in the treatment of different psychiatric disorders have often been compared in adult populations (e.g. Leichsenring, 2001), yet there are no comparative studies in a university counselling context.”
BackgroundLevy, K. N., & Anderson, T. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12035 · Cited by 35
Quigley, L., Dozois, D. J. A., Bagby, R. M., Lobo, D. S. S., Ravindran, L. N., & Quilty, L. C. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718003653 · Cited by 33
“, 2013), clinical trials demonstrate that over one-third of depressed patients do not respond to CBT (Leichsenring, 2001; DeRubeis et al., 2005b; Dimidjian et al., 2006).”
BackgroundDie Wirksamkeit psychodynamischer Psychotherapie
Shedler, J. (2011) · Psychotherapeut · doi:10.1007/s00278-011-0819-2 · Cited by 32
“Wie dem auch sein mag, es legt eine steigende Zahl an Studien über psychodynamische Behandlungen den Schwerpunkt auf spezifische Diagnosen (z. B. Bateman u. Fonagy 2008; Clarkin et al. 2007; Cuijpers et al. 2008; Leichsenring 2001; Leichsenring 2005; Milrod et al. 2007).”
BackgroundPerry, J. C., Banon, E., & Bond, M. (2020) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001112 · Cited by 31
“Recent meta-analyses have demonstrated that a number of therapy types, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy, and dynamic psychotherapy (DYN), are associated with greater improvement in depression than control conditions (Casacalenda et al., 2002; Cuijpers et al., 2013; Driessen et al., 2…”
BackgroundLeichsenring, F., Klein, S., & Salzer, S. (2014) · Contemporary Psychoanalysis · doi:10.1080/00107530.2014.880310 · Cited by 31
“The updated meta-analysis corroborated the results of the 2008 meta-analysis (Leichsenring & Rabung, 2008). LTPP was superior to shorter forms of interventions in complex mental disorders (Leichsenring & Rabung, 2011b). However, it seems to be hard for representatives of other therapeutic approaches to accept this res…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationChaput, Y., Magnan, A., & Gendron, A. (2008) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-8-73 · Cited by 30
“However, a meta-analytic review of several short-term psychotherapies for depression suggests that a minimum of 13 sessions may be required in order to approach what might be termed maximum benefit [31].”
BackgroundMethodResultMaina, G., Rosso, G., Crespi, C., & Bogetto, F. (2007) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000104706 · Cited by 30
Leichsenring, F. (2002) · Zeitschrift für psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie · doi:10.13109/zptm.2002.48.2.139 · Cited by 29
Self-citationLeichsenring, F., & Rabung, S. (2006) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503300600805217 · Cited by 29
“These results are consistent with meta-analyses that showed that psychodynamic psychotherapy yielded large effect sizes in the treatment of depression, personality disorders, and other specific psychiatric disorders (Leichsenring, 2001; Leichsenring & Leibing, 2003; Leichsenring et al., 2004).”
ResultSelf-citationPsychoanalytic and psychodynamic therapies for depression: the evidence base
Taylor, D. (2008) · Advances in Psychiatric Treatment · doi:10.1192/apt.bp.107.004382 · Cited by 32
Du, R., Wan, Y., Shang, Y., & Lu, G.-F. (2024) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-024-16371-w · Cited by 31
“For continuous data, we computed effect sizes as standardized MDs, following the methodologies outlined by Leichsenring 16 and Lipsey and Wilson.”
Konradt, C. E., Cardoso, T. D. A., Mondin, T. C., Souza, L. D. D. M., Kapczinski, F. P., da Silva, R. A., & Jansen, K. (2018) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0047 · Cited by 28
Franz, M., Seidler, D., Jenett, D., Schäfer, R. B., Wutzler, U., Kämmerer, W., Deters, M. A., Schauenburg, H., Becher-Dortschy, N., Frommhold, K., et al. (2015) · Zeitschrift für psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie · doi:10.13109/zptm.2015.61.1.19 · Cited by 27
Zwerenz, R., Beutel, M. E., Imruck, B. H., Wiltink, J., Haselbacher, A., Ruckes, C., Schmidberger, H., Hoffmann, G., Schmidt, M., Köhler, U., et al. (2012) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/1471-2407-12-578 · Cited by 25
“For STPP of depression remission rates between 45% and 70% at post-therapy assessment were published [26], while remission rates in primary-care settings (comparable to TAU) ranged between 20% and about 50% (6 months) [27-29].”
BackgroundPsychotherapeutic Treatment of Bipolar Depression
McMahon, K., Herr, N. R., Zerubavel, N., Hoertel, N., & Neacsiu, A. D. (2015) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2015.09.005 · Cited by 25
Dekker, J., Van, H. L., Hendriksen, M., Koelen, J. A., Schoevers, R. A., Kool, S., van Aalst, G., & Peen, J. (2012) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000341177 · Cited by 26
Quinze ans après le rapport de l’Inserm. L’efficacité de la psychanalyse ré-évaluée
Visentini, G. (2020) · L Évolution Psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.evopsy.2020.04.009 · Cited by 13
Teaching the Teachers: A Model Course for Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Supervisors
Riess, H., & Herman, J. B. (2008) · Academic Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ap.32.3.259 · Cited by 23
Balottin, U., Ferri, M., Racca, M., Rossi, M., Rossi, G., Beghi, E., Chiappedi, M. A., & Termine, C. (2014) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/1824-7288-40-6 · Cited by 22
“Although short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy has been suggested to be effective in specific disorders [13,14], observations regarding headache patients treated with the psychodynamic approach [15-17] are, at present, only anecdotal.”
BackgroundSolomonov, N., McCarthy, K. S., Keefe, J. R., Gorman, B. S., Blanchard, M. P., & Barber, J. P. (2017) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2143 · Cited by 22
Clinical significance of long-term psychoanalytic treatment.
Berghout, C., & Zevalkink, J. (2009) · Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic · doi:10.1521/bumc.2009.73.1.7 · Cited by 26
Metadata
- Authors
- Leichsenring, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Göttingen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Leichsenring, Falk
- ORCID
- Leichsenring, Falk
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-04
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 401-419
- ISSN
- 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1713240235
- Cited by
- 281
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 6.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- GRO (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- short-term dynamic psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, behavior therapy, depression, treatment efficacy, depressive symptoms, remission, social functioning, psychotherapy comparison
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychotherapy, Recurrence, Time Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome
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