Motion sickness susceptibility questionnaire revised and its relationship to other forms of sickness
Abstract
The Reason and Brand Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire (MSSQ) has remained unchanged for a quarter of a century. The primary aims of this investigation were to improve the design of the MSSQ, simplify scoring, produce new adult reference norms, and analyse motion validity data. We also considered the relationship of sickness from other nonmotion causes to the MSSQ. Norms and percentiles for a sample of 148 subjects were almost identical to the original version of this instrument. Reliability of the whole scale gave a Cronbach's standardised item alpha of 0.86, the correlation between Part A (child) and Part B (adult) was r = 0.65 (p < 0.001), and test-retest reliability may be assumed to be better than 0.8. Predictive validity of the MSSQ for motion sickness tolerance using laboratory motion devices averaged r = 0.45. Correlation between MSSQ and other sources of nausea and vomiting in the last 12 months, excluding motion sickness itself, was r = 0.3 (p < 0.001), migraine was the most important contributor to this relationship. In patients (n = 101) undergoing chemotherapy, there were significant correlations between MSSQ and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Migraine also appeared as a predictor of chemotherapy-induced sickness. It was concluded that the revised MSSQ can be used as a direct replacement of the original version. The relationship between motion sickness susceptibility and other causes of sickness, including migraine and chemotherapy, points to the involvement of the vestibular system in the response to nonmotion emetogenic stimuli. Alternatively, this relationship may reflect individual differences in excitability of the postulated final common emetic pathway.
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An individual's response to motion sickness depends on the relative provocativeness of the stimulation, his or her relative susceptibility, and prior experience.
“Now we know that an individual’s response depends on the relative provocativeness of the stimulation, his or her relative susceptibility, and prior experience (Bos et al. 2005; Bronstein et al. 2013; Golding 1998, 2006; Golding and Gresty 2013; Golding and Stott 1997; O’Hanlon and McCauley 1974; Paillard et al. 2013).”
From Motion sickness: more than nausea and vomiting (2014) · cites this paper as Golding 1998
Golding redesigned the MSSQ-Short by simplifying scoring and adding demographic, nauseogenic environment avoidance, vestibular disorder comorbidity, and anthropometric items to increase reliability and validity.
“Golding redesigned a MSSQ-Short by simplifying the scoring and adding vital items including the demographic (e.g., age, gender, race), the nauseogenic environments avoidance (e.g., cars, planes, video games), and vestibular disorder comorbidities and anthropometric items (e.g., height, body weight, BMI) to increase the reliability and validity [45,46].”
From Motion Sickness: Current Knowledge and Recent Advance. (2016) · cites this paper as [45]
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- Authors
- Golding, J. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Westminster (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Golding, John F
- ORCID
- Golding, John F
- Venue
- Brain Research Bulletin
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-11
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 507-516
- ISSN
- 0361-9230 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2038112635
- Cited by
- 559
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 2.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Research Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Nausea and vomiting management
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Keywords
- motion sickness susceptibility, questionnaire revision, reference norms, predictive validity, migraine, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, vestibular system, vomiting, nausea and vomiting
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Disease Susceptibility, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motion Sickness, Nausea, Surveys and Questionnaires, Vomiting, Reproducibility of Results, Linear Models
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